Improving Hydrodynamic Efficiency through the Application of a Bulbous Bow and Micro Bubbles
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Improving Hydrodynamic
Efficiency through the Application of a Bulbous Bow and
Micro BubblesHarrison DiGia
Advanced Science ResearchPeriod 7
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Need
90% of all goods that were sent around the globe went by ship (Kodama, 2006)
843 million tons of CO2 were released by international shipping in 2007
http://www.eia.doe.gov/bookshelf/brochures/greenhouse/Chapter1.htm
World Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Region,2003-2030 (Billion Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide)
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Bulbous Bow Protrudes just below the waterline Reduces shock wave Ideal for large ships
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/images/bulbous-bow-image08.jpg
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Micro-Bubbles
http://www.newscientist.com/data/images/archive/2539/25391601.jpg
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Literature Review Drag Reduction of a Submersible Hull by
Electrolysis (Naval Engineers Journal) McCormick and Bhattchara (1973)- injected
micro-bubbles into turbulent boundary layer
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Literature Review Mechanisms and Scale Effects of Skin
Friction Reduction by Microbubbles (Ship Research Institute)
Takahashi (2000)- determined that micro-bubble placement is essential
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Literature Review Influence of Bubble Size on Drag Reduction
(Experiments in Fluids) Shen et al. (2006)- determined that micro-
bubble size plays an important role in drag reduction
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Literature Review Bulbous Bow Design Optimization for Fast Ships
(Naval Architecture) Kyriazis (1988)- tested different variations of a
bulbous bow
Effect of Bulb Length (L) on Total Resistance
Effect of Bulb Diameter (D) on Total Resistance
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Engineering GoalsExamine: Changes in drag force caused by the
application of a bulbous bow Changes in drag force caused by the
insertion of microbubbles
Improve hydrodynamic efficiency by using methods of passive and active flow control
Purpose
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MethodologyImproving Hydrodynamic Efficiency Through Methods of Active and Passive Flow Control
Normal Shipn=5
Attach Bulbous Bown=1
Inject Micro-Bubbles in Water
(200-400 micrometers)n=1
Attach Bulbous Bow and Inject Micro-Bubbles
n=1
Inject Micro-Bubbles in 20 ppm Triton-X
(200-400 micrometers)n=1
Attach Ship to Ship Drag Measurement Calculator
Record mass and acceleration to calculate the drag force
Analyze force data using ANOVA (p<.05) followed by a Scheffe Post Hoc Test
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Ship Drag Measurement Calculator
Mass
Pasco Photogate and Pulley- Measures Acceleration
Bulbous BowPorous Plate
Side View
Force = Acceleration X Mass
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Ship Drag Measurement
CalculatorTop View
Mass
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Item Vendor Category # Size Quantity Price
Triton-X Promega H5141 500mL 2 $79.99
Pourous Plates ICT International 0604D04-B15M1 5in radius 5
Micro Acquarium Bubbler Rena 17163057048 2in 1 $4.44
Pasport High Resolution Force Sensor Pasco PS-2189 1 $139.00
Photogate and Pulley System Pasco ME-6838 $80.00
Wood Home Depot
Water Tunnel Lab
Boat Lab
Air Injector Lab
$303.43
Budget
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Do-ability Water tunnel in lab Boat is already made Micro-bubbles can be created using a
simple aquarium bubbler Bulbous bow can easily be inserted into
front of model ship
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Bibliography