Improving Discoverability with Unique Identifiers: ORCID, ISNI, and Implementation
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Joint presentation for the 23 July 2014 NFAIS Seminar, on ORCID and ISNI, their relationship, and how the systems interoperate.
Transcript of Improving Discoverability with Unique Identifiers: ORCID, ISNI, and Implementation
Improving Discoverability with Unique Identifiers: ORCID, ISNI, and Implementation NFAIS, 23 July 2014
Laurel L. Haak, PhD Executive Director, ORCID
[email protected] ISNI 0000000138352317
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5109-3700
Laura Dawson Product Manager, Identifier Services, Bowker [email protected] ISNI 0000 0004 1029 5439 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9648-1782
Name Ambiguity Is a Problem
J. Å. S. Sørensen
J. Aa. S. Sørensen
J. Åge S. Sørensen
J. Aage S. Sørensen
J. Åge Smærup Sørensen
J. Aage Smaerup Sørensen
http://ands.org.au/newsletters/share_issue18.pdf
One researcher may have many profiles or iden3fiers…
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What are standard identifiers?
• Numeric or alpha-numeric persistent designations associated with a single entity
• Entities can be an institution, person, or piece of content
…and what do they do, exactly? Disambiguate and enforce uniqueness
Enable linking and data integration
In other words, persistent identifiers provide a simple basis for data governance
Stakeholders have distinct needs
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Researcher
Disseminate research Compile all output Find collaborators Ensure network presence correct
Funder Track research outputs for grants University administrator Collate intellectual output of their researchers Journalist Retrieve all output of a specific researcher Librarian Uniquely identify each author
Identity management system
Associate metadata, output to researcher Disambiguate names Link researcher's multiple identifiers Disseminate identifiers
Aggregator (includes publishers)
Associate metadata, output to researcher Collate intellectual output of each researcher Disambiguate names Link researcher's multiple identifiers Track history of researcher's affiliations Track & communicate updates
K. Smith-Yoshimura, et al., 2014, Registering Researchers in Authority Files, OCLC Research http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/registering-researchers/progress.html���
Comparing Systems
ORCID ISNI Researcher-driven, privacy policy, can be claimed only by live people
Library/algorithm-driven, can be assigned to any author
16-digit number, compatible with ISO 27779 standard, last character is a checksum. ORCID and ISNI identifier assignments do not overlap.
Resolvable as an HTTP URI Resolvable as an HTTP URI
Integrated in research workflows: publishing, grants, datasets and is thereby embedded in works metadata
Assignment requires some form of publicly available work, and is curated by library experts
Scope is persistent identifier for researchers and contributors
Scope is persistent identifier for authors and rights management, also identifier for organizations
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Complementary Systems
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http://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2014/03/12/name-identification-using-the-isni/
Interoperation
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Repositories
Funders
Higher Education
and Employers
Professional Associations
Other person
identifiers
Publishers
ORCID is a hub
ORCID APIs enable exchange between research data systems to enable connections between researchers, their works (papers, grants, datasets, and more), organizations, and other identifiers
ISNI Researcher ID Scopus Author ID Internal identifiers
FundRef GrantID
ISNI Ringgold ID
Member ID Abstract ID
DOI ISBN Thesis ID
DOI
Link to works
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Link to existing works through self-claim search wizards and embedded in new works through integration by publishers in manuscript submission systems
Leveraging FundRef
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Classifications & metadata fields consistent w/CASRAI Link to
existing funding
Funding organization list coordinated with FundRef
Embed during grant application workflow
Adoption and Integration
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ORCID has issued over 800,000 iDs since our launch in October 2012. Integration and use is international.
EMEA 35%
Americas 50%
AsiaPac 15%
Over 140 members, from every sector of the international
research community
-
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
Creator
Website
Trusted Party
Publishing 25%
Universities & Research
Orgs 45%
Funders 7%
Associations 12%
Repositories & Profile Sys
11%
Guess what? There are ambiguity issues with content and organizations, too.
A rose by any other name...
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Leveraging Ringgold and ISNI
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Organization list from è Ringgold (an ISNI Registrar)
Interoperability with ISNI
• 3-part technical implementation plan
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• link ISNIs with ORCID records (October 2013)
• create tools to harvest document metadata from relevant databases
• implement authenticated search and linkage of ORCID iDs with ISNI records, and test the feasibility of allowing review and validation of ISNI records.
Who is ISNI • ISO iden3fier • Founding members
– IFRRO (Interna3onal Federa3on of Reproduc3on Rights Organiza3ons)
– CISAC (Interna3onal Confedera3on of Authors and Composers Socie3es)
– SCAPR (Socie3es’ Council for the Collec3ve Management of Performers’ Rights)
– OCLC – CENL (Conference of European Na3onal Librarians), represented by the Bri3sh Library and the Na3onal Library of France
– ProQuest, represented by Bowker
Members
Quality Team
Board of Directors
ISNI Organiza3onal Structure
Registra3on Agencies
Ongoing assignments/general public
Stage One
Customer submits data to Registra3on Agency
Registra3on Agency sends file to Assignment Agency
Assignment Agency assigns as many ISNIs to the names as it can
Stage Two
Assignment Agency sends assigned file to Registra3on
Agency
Registra3on Agency sends assigned file to
Customer
Customer reviews, QAs, ingests
Stage Three
Assignment Agency sends updates on a
monthly basis
Registra3on Agency disperses files to appropriate
Customers
Customers ingest updates
Display
• Only minimal metadata is displayed • Not meant as a comprehensive profile • ISNI is a tool for linking data sets, colloca3on, and disambigua3on
• Enhancements to the record can be made but not required
Works
• Prerequisite to have a work for ISNI assignment
• The more works aUributed to a contributor, the more confident the assignment
• 800,000 researchers in the ISNI database have works aUributed to them
• Associa3ons (with other contributors or ins3tu3ons) contribute to data confidence
Assignment Approach
• Using exis3ng data sets • Strong Quality Assurance process • Conserva3ve – err on the side of provisional assignment
• High level of confidence in matching • Many sources of data per contributor
– Each contributor must be cited in at least 2 separate data sets
a bridge-‐iden*fier across
mul*ple domains – Hundreds of databases loaded into a central
registry -‐ Data Contributors – ISNIs assignment to loaded data is curated
• Matching algorithms, data sampling, anomaly checks, quality assurance processes, End User input notes
– Online assignment • Registra3on Agencies, ISNI Members (organisa3ons)
– Scope is universal • ISO standard (ISO 27729) for iden3fica3on of public iden33es of authors, researchers (mostly authors in journals, authors of theses), ar3sts, composers, performers, organisa3ons, publishers, aggregators, etc.
• c. 8 milllion ISNIs assigned (800,000 researchers)
Libraries
Text Rights
Music Rights Trade Sources
Encyclopaedias
Researchers & Professional
ISNI diffusion to Data Sources
Linked Data Value Chain
Other future cultural heritage
sources
“identifier hub”
enables
• Developing tools for interopera3on • ISNI reciprocal lookup with ORCID • Poten3al data sharing
– ORCID Mul3ple Asser3ons Working Group(?)
• Ins3tu3onal iden3fiers: NISO I2 • Links ORCID into the ISNI Linked Data Value chain
• Links ISNI with ORCID Researcher Engagement
ISNI relaEonship to ORCID
Interoperability
• White paper – Working out technical issues of linking – AUemp3ng a one-‐to-‐one correspondence – Laying the infrastructure to determine whether a shared or linked system is beUer
• Stronger working together • Make more data beUer for everyone • Seeking funding from Horizon2020
