Improving Discoverability with Unique Identifiers: ORCID, ISNI, and Implementation

Improving Discoverability with Unique Identifiers: ORCID, ISNI, and Implementation NFAIS, 23 July 2014

Laurel L. Haak, PhD Executive Director, ORCID

[email protected] ISNI 0000000138352317

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5109-3700

Laura Dawson Product Manager, Identifier Services, Bowker [email protected] ISNI 0000 0004 1029 5439 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9648-1782

Name Ambiguity Is a Problem

J. Å. S. Sørensen

J. Aa. S. Sørensen

J. Åge S. Sørensen

J. Aage S. Sørensen

J. Åge Smærup Sørensen

J. Aage Smaerup Sørensen

http://ands.org.au/newsletters/share_issue18.pdf

One researcher may have many profiles or iden3fiers…

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What are standard identifiers?

•  Numeric or alpha-numeric persistent designations associated with a single entity

•  Entities can be an institution, person, or piece of content

…and what do they do, exactly? Disambiguate and enforce uniqueness

Enable linking and data integration

In other words, persistent identifiers provide a simple basis for data governance

Stakeholders have distinct needs

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Researcher

Disseminate research Compile all output Find collaborators Ensure network presence correct

Funder Track research outputs for grants University administrator Collate intellectual output of their researchers Journalist Retrieve all output of a specific researcher Librarian Uniquely identify each author

Identity management system

Associate metadata, output to researcher Disambiguate names Link researcher's multiple identifiers Disseminate identifiers

Aggregator (includes publishers)

Associate metadata, output to researcher Collate intellectual output of each researcher Disambiguate names Link researcher's multiple identifiers Track history of researcher's affiliations Track & communicate updates

K. Smith-Yoshimura, et al., 2014, Registering Researchers in Authority Files, OCLC Research http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/registering-researchers/progress.html��

Comparing Systems

ORCID ISNI Researcher-driven, privacy policy, can be claimed only by live people

Library/algorithm-driven, can be assigned to any author

16-digit number, compatible with ISO 27779 standard, last character is a checksum. ORCID and ISNI identifier assignments do not overlap.

Resolvable as an HTTP URI Resolvable as an HTTP URI

Integrated in research workflows: publishing, grants, datasets and is thereby embedded in works metadata

Assignment requires some form of publicly available work, and is curated by library experts

Scope is persistent identifier for researchers and contributors

Scope is persistent identifier for authors and rights management, also identifier for organizations

22 July 2014 7

Complementary Systems

22 July 2014 orcid.org 8

http://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2014/03/12/name-identification-using-the-isni/

Interoperation


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Repositories

Funders

Higher Education

and Employers

Professional Associations

Other person

identifiers

Publishers

ORCID is a hub

ORCID APIs enable exchange between research data systems to enable connections between researchers, their works (papers, grants, datasets, and more), organizations, and other identifiers

ISNI Researcher ID Scopus Author ID Internal identifiers

FundRef GrantID

ISNI Ringgold ID

Member ID Abstract ID

DOI ISBN Thesis ID

DOI

Link to works


Link to existing works through self-claim search wizards and embedded in new works through integration by publishers in manuscript submission systems

Leveraging FundRef


Classifications & metadata fields consistent w/CASRAI Link to

existing funding

Funding organization list coordinated with FundRef

Embed during grant application workflow

Adoption and Integration


ORCID has issued over 800,000 iDs since our launch in October 2012. Integration and use is international.

EMEA 35%

Americas 50%

AsiaPac 15%

Over 140 members, from every sector of the international

research community

-

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

June

Creator

Website

Trusted Party

Publishing 25%

Universities & Research

Orgs 45%

Funders 7%

Associations 12%

Repositories & Profile Sys

11%

Guess what? There are ambiguity issues with content and organizations, too.

A rose by any other name...


Leveraging Ringgold and ISNI


Organization list from è Ringgold (an ISNI Registrar)

Interoperability with ISNI

•  3-part technical implementation plan


•  link ISNIs with ORCID records (October 2013)

•  create tools to harvest document metadata from relevant databases

•  implement authenticated search and linkage of ORCID iDs with ISNI records, and test the feasibility of allowing review and validation of ISNI records.

Who is ISNI •  ISO iden3fier •  Founding members

–  IFRRO (Interna3onal Federa3on of Reproduc3on Rights Organiza3ons)

–  CISAC (Interna3onal Confedera3on of Authors and Composers Socie3es)

–  SCAPR (Socie3es’ Council for the Collec3ve Management of Performers’ Rights)

–  OCLC –  CENL (Conference of European Na3onal Librarians), represented by the Bri3sh Library and the Na3onal Library of France

–  ProQuest, represented by Bowker

Members

Quality Team

Board of Directors

ISNI Organiza3onal Structure

Registra3on Agencies

Ongoing assignments/general public

Stage One

Customer submits data to Registra3on Agency

Registra3on Agency sends file to Assignment Agency

Assignment Agency assigns as many ISNIs to the names as it can

Stage Two

Assignment Agency sends assigned file to Registra3on

Agency

Registra3on Agency sends assigned file to

Customer

Customer reviews, QAs, ingests

Stage Three

Assignment Agency sends updates on a

monthly basis

Registra3on Agency disperses files to appropriate

Customers

Customers ingest updates

Display

•  Only minimal metadata is displayed •  Not meant as a comprehensive profile •  ISNI is a tool for linking data sets, colloca3on, and disambigua3on

•  Enhancements to the record can be made but not required

Works

•  Prerequisite to have a work for ISNI assignment

•  The more works aUributed to a contributor, the more confident the assignment

•  800,000 researchers in the ISNI database have works aUributed to them

•  Associa3ons (with other contributors or ins3tu3ons) contribute to data confidence

Assignment Approach

•  Using exis3ng data sets •  Strong Quality Assurance process •  Conserva3ve – err on the side of provisional assignment

•  High level of confidence in matching •  Many sources of data per contributor

– Each contributor must be cited in at least 2 separate data sets

a bridge-‐iden*fier across

mul*ple domains – Hundreds of databases loaded into a central

registry -‐ Data Contributors –  ISNIs assignment to loaded data is curated

•  Matching algorithms, data sampling, anomaly checks, quality assurance processes, End User input notes

– Online assignment •  Registra3on Agencies, ISNI Members (organisa3ons)

– Scope is universal •  ISO standard (ISO 27729) for iden3fica3on of public iden33es of authors, researchers (mostly authors in journals, authors of theses), ar3sts, composers, performers, organisa3ons, publishers, aggregators, etc.

•  c. 8 milllion ISNIs assigned (800,000 researchers)

Libraries

Text Rights

Music Rights Trade Sources

Encyclopaedias

Researchers & Professional

ISNI diffusion to Data Sources

Linked Data Value Chain

Other future cultural heritage

sources

“identifier hub”

enables

•  Developing tools for interopera3on •  ISNI reciprocal lookup with ORCID •  Poten3al data sharing

– ORCID Mul3ple Asser3ons Working Group(?)

•  Ins3tu3onal iden3fiers: NISO I2 •  Links ORCID into the ISNI Linked Data Value chain

•  Links ISNI with ORCID Researcher Engagement

ISNI relaEonship to ORCID

Interoperability

•  White paper – Working out technical issues of linking – AUemp3ng a one-‐to-‐one correspondence – Laying the infrastructure to determine whether a shared or linked system is beUer

•  Stronger working together •  Make more data beUer for everyone •  Seeking funding from Horizon2020

Improving Discoverability with Unique Identifiers: ORCID, ISNI, and Implementation

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