IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES

ANNEXURE-; IMPROVEMENT IN CROP YIELD Fruits and vegetables Crop seasons Crop Production Management Manures and Fertilizers Fertilizers Irrigation Few pictures Cropping patterns Weed control & Insect pest control Disease of

crop plants animal husbandry Fish production Bees conclusion

IMPROVEMENT IN CROP YIELDS . TYPES :- 1] Seeds : Not all seeds of plants are edible like seeds of apple or cherries. Edible seeds include cereals, pulses , oil seeds & nuts. Cereals : They include crops like wheat, rice, maize, barley etc. Pulses : They include legumes such as chicken pea gram, pea, black gram, pigeon pea etc.Oil seed crop: They include cotton seed, niger , soybean etc. Nuts or Dry Fruits : Nuts are rich in protiens . Example include – coconut, peanut, date, walnut.

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Fruits: they include apple , mango, cherry, strawberry, watermelon, papaya, banana, kiwi, litchi, custard apple, pear and many more.

Vegetables: They are edible parts of plants of herbaceous plants . Every part of them is eaten like the roots as carrot or radish, stem as onion, garlic, are eaten, leafy vegetables like spinach , spices like chilly, black pepper , fodder crops & other crops are eaten .

CROP SEASONS

Kharif Crop : these crop grow during rainy season -[ June to October] . They are also known as summer season crops .few examples of kharif crops are – Garlic ,lady finger, black gram, green gram, plum ,peach etc.

Rabi Crop: these crops are grown during November to April . Rabi crops are known as winter crops . Some examples of rabi crops are – cabbage , cauliflower , carrot , radish , beans etc.

CROP PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT

India is a country which is based on agriculture. The production include “no cost” production “high cost” production . High cost production is based on high yielding varieties, improved farming particles, modern technology ,least agricultural , machines and implements . Crop production management refers to controlling the various aspects of crop production , to obtain the maximum and best yield . It has nutrition management, irrigation and , cropping pattern.

NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Nutrient management means controlling the selections , timing and amount of nutrient supply to the crops. Like living organisms, plants also require inorganic elements are called nutrients. There are 40 elements found in the plant ash , but only 16 elements of those elements are essential for plant growth and development . Hence these 16 elements are called essential elements or essential plant nutrients.

airSOURCE NUTRIENTS TYPE

Carbon (C) Oxygen (o) , Macronutrient (=2)Macronutrient (=1)Macronutrient (=6)

Macronutrient (=7)

water Hydrogen (H)

Soil

MANURES AND FERTILIZERS Manures :-manures are natural fertilizers . They are bulky sources of organic

matter which supply nutrients in small quantities , and organic matter in large quantities. Manure enrich the soil with nutrients , they add organic matter , the organic matter in manures provides food for the soil organism . Types of manure :- Farmyard Manure [FYM]

Compost: Prepared from farm and town refuse such as vegetables and animal refuse

FERTILIZERSFertilizers provide plant nutrients , commercially manufactured using chemicals. Fertilizers supply Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium [NPK] . They are used for the vegetative growth. Fertilizers are divided into following group :-

1] Nitrogenous fertilizers

2] Phosphatic fertilizers

3] Potassic fertilizers

4] Complex fertilizers

IRRIGATION

The process of supplying water to crop plants by means of canals , wells , reservoirs, tube-wells, etc. is known as irrigation.Factors of controlling irrigation : Irrigation depends on the nature of the crop Irrigation dependent on the nature fields 1] Crop based production : some crop plants require more water & some less water for cereals as wheat irrigation is required before ploughing the field 2] Soil based irrigation : irrigation also depends on the nature of the soil in which the crop is grown

IRRIGATION SYSTEMSCanal system ;in canal system , human made canals are used to receive water from one or two reservoirTanks: tanks are small storage reservoir. Wells : wells are constructed whenever exploitable ground water are present1] dug well and 2] tube well are two types of wells River lift system : in this system water is directly drawn from riversdrip and sprinkler system : this method save water and use pipes .

FEW PICTURES…………

CROPPING PATTERNS1] mixed cropping : this is a process in which more than one or two plants are grown together. 2] intercropping : it aims to increase productivity per unit area.3] Crop rotation : the particles of growing of different crops on a price of land in a prepared succession.

WEED CONTROL & INSECT PEST CONTROL

Weeds are the unwanted plants in the cultivated fields.Many insects are serious pests of plants they attack plants in the following wayss1] chewing insects 2] sucking insects3] internal feeders

DISEASE OF CROP PLANTS

There are some names of diseases of plants

1] seed-borne disease2] soil-borne disease3] air-borne disease4] water-borne disease

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY The branch of agriculture that deals with the feeding , caring ,and breeding of domestic animals is called animal husbandry . they include :-1] cattle farming 2] breeds of buffaloes

FISH PRODUCTION Marine fishes :- India is a vast scope of marine fishery . Our marine fishery resources include 7500 kms cost line and extensive deep sea . popularly consumed fishes are as follows :-1] pomphrets22] mackerels3] tuna4] eel5] hilsa6] salmon , etc.

BEES……..Honey & bee wax are obtained from bees There are three types of bees . They are :-1] the worker 2] queen3] drone

We must do our best to improve food resources.

THANK YOUMade by Simran,

Diksha, Srishti and Sonal .