IMPORTANT WARNING
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IMPORTANT WARNING
Please note that this PowerPoint Presentation contains animations. In order to view the content properly, an add-in function must be installed into the PowerPoint software. The add-in function is downloadable from the following hyperlink.
Swiff Point Player
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THE AMAZING FACTS OF AGING
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HISTORICAL AND CURRENT DOGMA OF THE AGING BRAIN
• Accelerated rate of brain shrinkage after age 50.• Loss of 100,000 neurons in the cortex per day.• Irreversible process of brain dysfunction.
Historical perspective
• Insignificant loss of neurons.• Neuronal atrophy and loss of synaptic connections.• Evidence of brain plasticity.
Current perspective
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ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE AGING BRAIN
Structure Regional function
Basal ganglia A collection of nuclei lying deep into the brain.
Involves in the regulation of voluntary movement
Subarachnoid space
CSF containing compartment surrounding the cerebrum.
Involves in CSF reabsorption.
Hippocampus A component of the limbic system
Involves in learning & memory
Ventricles Compartment in either side of the cerebral hemispheres.
Involves in CSF production.
White Matter Collection of myelinated nerve fibres forming the deep brain.
Involves in information transmission.
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ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE BASAL GANGLIA
Function Neuronal clusters responsible for initiating and integrating movements.
Changes Becomes bright in appearance due to iron accumulation
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ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE SUBARACHNOID SPACE
Function Contains CSF to provide mechanical protection for the brain.
Changes Increase in size due to brain shrinkage
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ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE VENTRICLES
Function Production of CSF for mechanical protection.
Changes Increase in size due brain shrinkage.
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ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE HIPPOCAMPUS
Function Development of Learning and Memory
Changes Reduction in size due to cell loss in the structure.
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ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE WHITE MATTER
Function Communication channel for information processing.
Changes Reduction in size due to neuronal atrophy.
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CONGITIVE CHANGES IN AGING: INTELLIGENCE
Fluid Intelligence – Ability to think and reason.Crystallized Intelligence – Ability to apply skill and knowledge.
Aged-related change: Decline in fluid intelligence
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CONGITIVE CHANGES IN AGING: MENTAL PROCESSING
Decline in attentional ability
Working memory
Aged-related change: Decline in mental processing via reduction of attentional ability and decline in ability in forming working memory
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CONGITIVE CHANGES IN AGING: LONG-TERM MEMORYExplicit memory – Retention of previously acquired skills & reflexes.Implicit memory – Conscious memory of facts & events.
Aged-related change: Decline in explicit memory