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Important Terms for Course: includes every important term, but not every important idea

Whole Course Terms (not in caps):

Naturalism- the way things are, warts and all

Abstractionsimple geometric shapes. Simplest of the simple

Idealismperfection, the way we want things to be

Chiaroscurosharp gradients, clear dark, bright obscure

Contrappostoweight on one foot and the effects it has on the body position

devotional gazethe wide open eyes staring toward God

Midterm Terms (down to end of column)

Paleolithic35,000 BC -8,000 BC, cave art with stone tools, migration, made use of natural protrusions

of the caves. Small figures discovered.

Near Eastern: Sumeria- ziggurats, nature Assyrianbilateral symmetry, stylization, geometric

simplification of shapes. Winged bull man, made to impress animal domination

Egyptianarchitecture, blockular and triangles, Men-red, women- white, Agricultural, devotional gaze

first seen. Hierarchical scale -pharaohs, gold decorated, amarna period- slightly more naturalistic.

Bilateral symmetry, post lintel construction

Early Greek: Minoantapering columns, blue, animals important, bull leaping, dolphins

Mycenaean- gold work, stylized abstract, gold plated mask

Etruscangender equality, archaic smilealive and happy, 8th century BC, bold and simple about

common daily activities. Terracotta stuffs

Greek Vase Painting: Black-figure650, 570 BC, Red-figure 440 BC better naturalism, repeated

abstract figures

Greek Sculpture: Archaic- idealism, me n only 650480 BC

Severe 480-450fabric fold attempts, some naturalism, contrappasto, bronze

Classical 450-400idealized men in prime physical condition, good fabric drapery

4th-century/Transitional heads show wrinkles, creativity experimentation, both sexes

Hellenistic circ. 240-220 - very naturalistic, old women and children.

Greek Architecture: Doricsimple columns, full columns all the way around, post lintel

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Ionic- taper upwards, voluteswirly capital, column bases

Corinthianleafy capital at the top of column

Roman Sculpture: Republican Naturalismshowed people they didnt like the way they are

Imperial Idealismimported Greek artists, built to honor the empire and emperor, idealized athlete andimportant favored figures.

Late abstraction

Roman Frescopaint on fresh plaster, beginning of atmospheric perspective, blending, shadows

Roman Architecture: temple- partial columns, high platforms, basilicareligious buildings, arch,

aqueducts, multi-layered, amphitheaters, coffer, pantheon, domes, decorated inside more

Early Christian Sculpture, Painting & Mosaichalos, mandorla- oval/almond shaped halo, art for liturgy,

popes robes, ivory carvings,

Early Christian Architecturehouse church with baptismal and paintings, St. Peters basilica transepts,

nave and crossing.

Byzantine Art: 400-1453 AD Mosaic- combines Christian iconography with byzantine politics,

shimmering effect, Iconused for worship, Manuscripts1,000 AD

Byzantine Architecture: Greek cross planequal length arms, half domes, hagia Sophia, space and light,

similar to early Christian architecture

Hiberno-Saxon Manuscript Illumination: Lindisfarne Gospels, Book of Kells- climax of movement,

elaborate designs with meanings intertwined, decorating letters

Islamic Art & Architecture- temples, very tradition oriented, Crdoba striped arches

Ottonian Art & Architecture 938-1035- out of proportion hands and feet, emphasize certain body parts,

illuminated manuscripts, funky drapery

Romanesque Architecturecross shaped churches, arches, geometric shapes used

Romanesque Sculpturetympanum, exaggerated figures, members, weird draping, show events,

columnarity, pea pod legs

Gothic Architectureupward pointy spires, pointed arches, going up to god, overly decorated

Gothic Sculpture1140-1400, more detached, better drapery, more natural, like real people, very large

stained glass,

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Final Terms (this whole column)

Flemish Painting: Van Eyck(Low countries) - Ghent altarpiece, self portrait, couple. hypernaturalism.

People are all very serious in portraits.

Early Renaissance Sculpture & Architecture (1300-1500): very large domes, Medici palace

BrunelleschiItaly. Church of Santo Spirito, DonatelloBronze David made young and beautiful and

naked.Early Renaissance Painting: Triangles begin to appear connecting faces or using dark and light.

Mythological scenes. GiottoArena Chapel Frescoes. Early Madonna. Da VinciMadonnas, portraits,

and last supper

Michelangelo (Italy): PaintingSistine chapel. Sculpturepieta in St. Peters.Nude Marble David.

High Renaissance Painting (1500-1525): stable, triangular, or circular compositions. Perspective begins

to appear. Raphael (south)Philosophy and Theology. Secular and sacred, naturalistic portrait and

biblical scene which has been idealized.

Northern Renaissance: hypernaturalism, sacred or secular. Drer (German)print making. Adam and

eve, four horsemen of the apocalypse. Makes animals and signs to prevent copying. Self portraits,

profiles include hands and makes triangles.

Mannerism (1525-1600): compositions out of balance, disproportion, unusual elements. Architecture is

more open to utilize natural light. late Michelangelothe last judgement, more naturalistic and strange

proportions, Parmigianino- self portrait in convex mirror. Stretched parts and porcelain faces.

Baroque(1600): diagonal composition, sharp bright and dark contrasts, simplified landscape.

Architecture, increased elaboration, curved facades. Biblical scenes in modern places. More

naturalism used. Several types of paintings. Tintoretto - Italy, wedding at Cana, stealing the body of st.

Mark. Not balanced. Main subjects are immediately noticed. CaravaggioItalian. Christ with doubting

Thomas, conversion of St. Paul. Strong lighting and lower-class figures included. dark light contrast,

VelazquezSpanish, water carrier and las meninas, portrait of juan de pareja. Rembrandt - Dutch,

military company of Captain Frans Banning. Drawings. Return of prodigal son. VermeerDutch,

women by windows. BerniniItalian marble David portrays the climax of the story, fountain of the fourrivers. Canopy in St. Peters. ecstasy of saint Teresa. BorrominiItalian. Architecture, dome and faade

of san carlo alle Quattro fontane.

Rococo Architecture & Sculpture: style of French art associated with the reign of Louis XV. Light

ornamental elegance. White and gold colors. Gilded decorations, fake marble columns, and painting.

Elegant portraits, porcelain faces.

Neoclassical: alternative to Rococo, classical antiquity. Started revivals. Changed with politics. Definite

brighter colors. Architecturecolumns and domes State capitol, Monticello. Painting, & Sculpture:

Death of Socrates, Parnassus. Moralizing themes. Bejamin West, historical paintings.

Gothic Revival Architecture (1830-1870) used in houses and small churches. Barry & Puginthe

houses of parliament.

Romanticism: element of struggle, emotion over reason. Subjective view of the artist, not a single

unified style. Landscapes. FriedrichAbbey in the oak Forest

Realism: application of naturalism to non-elite subjects. Utopianism. Everyday scenes (similar to

baroque genre-painting) paintings became political Courbetburial at ornans, Stone breaker, La Falaise,

very real, depressing themes.

Impressionism: thick/quick brushstrokes. Fuzzy edges. Capturing light/colored shadows, almost no

black. Parody or low subjects. Political rebellion. Turnerthe slave ship, shows political tension.

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ManetFrench, scandalous subjects, more figurative, hard edge, Monetparticular moments, visual

reality. Rodinthe thinker, the kiss, balzac the Burghers of Calais, sculptures showed historical figures

the same as contemporary citizens.

Romanesque Revival Architecture: (1870-1905) used in non-church buildings. Richardson central

market, York, PA

Post-Impressionism: harder edges, bolder colors, breaking away from perspective. optical experiments.More engagement in non-Western art. Architecture has tension between ornament and function. Self

similarity ratios. Seuratpointillism. Van Goghirises, starry night, the night caf, paints energy

rather than scenes

Cubism: expressing objects as geometrical shapes. Analyticalmultiple perspectives at once &

Syntheticcollage, consciously flat, often uses words or music: Picassoles demoiselles davignon,

ma jolie, shows thing from multiple viewpoints in one 2-d painting.

German Expressionism: very abstract or stylized pictures. Die Brckefalse color for emotion, more

figurative. Der Blaue Reiter no visible subject but internal truth, more abstract. KirchnerStreet,

Berlin, intense colors, sharply stylized figures and distorted perspective.

Abstract Expressionism: non-objective painting, unique individuality. Pollockrandom splattered

painting with eyes closed

Fantasy: exploring the expression of their persona, inner visions. De Chiricothe melancholy and

mystery of a street.

Modernism: DemuthI saw figure 5 in gold. Illusionism

Skyscraper: Sullivansmall decorations

Modernist Architecture: very square. WrightUnity Temple, Robie house. Angular with Cantilever.

Uses color and texture instead of decorations.

De Stijl(the style) carrying abstraction to its ultimate goal & Bauhaus: institution to creat art that is

universal and comprehensible to all humanity. Dutch. Gropiusfounded Bauhaus.

International Style Architecture: huge glass and steel, little ornament. Flash cube, glass boxes. Van der

Roheseagram building,Minimalism: very difficult to understand what it is about. Rothko- painting horizontal blocks and

squares.

Pop Art: Lichtenstein painted comic like portrayals of previously seen scenes. Balance in scenes.

Bright color and bold lines. WarholMarilyn Diptych and Campbells soup.

Op Art: uses mainly geometric simple shapes to create optical illusions . RileyBritannia, aprs-midi,

Fete

New/Photo-Realism: Hansonmotorcycle accident, tourists, museum guard, linda, self portrait. Close

digitalized looking squared make up a larger image.

Installation Art: very large art, rooms, volcano, often uses nature. Holzertruism and blacklist. Circle

used in compositions.

Conceptual Art: stresses the individual creative acts. Kosuththree chairs show how art is formed and

thought up

Video Art: Anderson- United states, the nerve bible.

Postmodern/Deconstructive Architecture: playful but incoherent references to the past. Graves

Portland Public Services Buildinga big present, Hyatt hotel- round like ancient Roman style, w/

tympanum.