IMPORTANT NOTICE: Please read first!DISCLAIMER:• The following translated document originates from Brazil, is based on

Brazilian data and experience, and was developed by EMBRAPA for Brazilian farmers. Aspects of SBR development and fungicide efficacy comparisons may not be the same under U.S. and Brazilian conditions. Similarly, certain control measures suggested by Brazilian officials reflect the unique SBR situation in Brazil, as well as year-round soybean production in certain parts of that country. Therefore, do not use this information for making fungicide purchasing or SBR control decisions in the U.S. Instead, use control measures developed by your state’s Land Grant University scientists. Be advised that fungicide product names for the same active ingredient and manufacturer are typically different for Brazil and the U.S.; however,  the common names for the active ingredient (such as tebuconazole or propiconazole or azoxystrobin) are the same in both countries.

For more information or clarification about the translated document, contact:D. HershmanExtension Plant PathologistUniversity of Kentucky, Princeton, KYdhershma@uky.edu

SOYBEAN RUST:SOYBEAN RUST:

IdentificationIdentification

ManagementManagement

Control Control

History 1902 – first report in Japan 1914 – in southeast Asia 1976 - Puerto Rico 1979 - Lavras, MG - Dr. Josué Deslandes 1990 - Uganda, Kenya and Rwuanda

1998 - Zimbabwe 2001 - Paraguai and Brazil 2002 – Argentina 2003 - Bolivia

2004 – Uruguai,Colombia and USA

Up to 1992 – only one species identified as soybean rust

Phakopsora pachyrhiziIn 1992 – found a 2nd species causing rust on soybean

P. meibomiae – American rust

P. pachyrhizi – Asian rust

Soybean rust around the world

1934

1902

1957

1940

19661934

1998

2001

1999

2004

20012002

2003 1996

2004

Evolution of soybean rust in Brazil

2000/2004

PA

PA PA

PA

2000/01 2001/02

2002/032003/04

Presence detected

Severe losses detected

Actual

status

BRS 154

BRS 153

1.632 kg/ha 3.015 kg/ha

2.344 kg/ha3.022 kg/ha

treated Control

Losses: 46%

Losses: 23%

Cruzaltinha, RS – 2002

São Desidério, BA - 2003

3550 kg/ha1470 kg/ha

Losses : 58%

Pirapó, Paraguai – 2001

Treated Control

Losses

Crop Season 2003/04

1. Fungicides + spray US$ 860 million

2. Yield + taxes US$ 1.2 billion

3. Total: US$ 2.06 billion

Lazzaroto& Roessing, 2004

Cost of Fungicides:

US$ 30/ha (1 spray)

Capacitation of 100,000 farmers in 2005

Consortium anti-rust

Disease identification,

management and

control

Initial Symptoms

Soybean Rust

Typical symptoms:tiny dark brown lesions; leaves become yellow and falls.

J.T. Yorinori

Soybean rust

Symptoms are easily identified againts bright background

J.T. Yorinori

Soybean Rust

Diagnosis is confirmed through observation of small blisters on the underside of soybean leaves.

C.V. Godoy

J.T. Yorinori

Soybean Rust

30 X lens to observe uredias in the leaf

uredias

W.M. Paiva

First detection in Brazil: Foz do Iguaçu, PR - 2001

5-7 days after inoculation

Bright background

J.T. Yorinori

J.T. Yorinori

Symptom´s Evolution Symptom´s Evolution And Defoliation And Defoliation

9 Days after inoculation

Bright background

J.T. Yorinori

J.T. Yorinori

25 days after inoculation

Yellowing and defoliation

J.T. Yorinori

J.T. Yorinori

Initial symptons ocurred in R1-R2

São Desidério/ BA - J.T. Yorinori

Early defoliation due to Asian Rust

MATO GROSSO

Primavera do Leste, MT: 21.02.03

MATO GROSSO

Primavera do Leste, MT: 21.02.03

Rust on the cotyledons - rare

Rust on the stems –

uncomon

Rust on the pods - rare

Etiology:

time

desease

Cycle: 5-7 (9-11) days

Spore germination pattern

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20dias após a coleta

% d

e ge

rmin

ação

Dissemination: wind

Dissemination

Disease cycleDisease cycle

M. Iamauti, 2004

6-7 days occurs spore liberation

J.T.Yorinori

Reproduction

Symptoms show up 5 days after

inoculation

W.M.Paiva

One pustule releases spores along 3 weeks

J.T.Yorinori

Germination

(optimun 180C – 260C)

Penetration

development

InfectionFree water on leaf surfaceMinimum: 6 hOptimun:12 - 14 h

Direct penetration through stomata

M. Iamauti G.N.Agrios

Disease Disease misidentificationmisidentification

Brown spot: Septoria glycines

J.T. Yorinori

J.T. Yorinori

Bacterial blightPseudomonas savastanoi pv. glycinea

Downy mildew: Peronospora manshurica

Soybean rust

Bacterial pustuleXanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines

L.M. Costamilan

A.M.R.Almeida

J.T. Yorinori

End of Part 1

• Part 2 continues with Scouting and SBR Disease Control and Management

• Click this link to be taken to part 2 (the conclusion) of this presentation:

• http://www.uky.edu/Ag/Agronomy/Department/sbr/resources/consortiumnEnglishPart2.htm