Important Insect Plant Pests and their Hosts in Florida (Fruit Crops)

Kirk W. Martin CBSPUSDA-National Needs Fellow

Graduate Student-University of Florida Plant Medicine Program andIPM Apprentice-IPM Florida

Denise D. Thomas D.P.M.University of Florida Plant Medicine Program and IPM

Florida

White-fringed Beetle - Naupactus (=Graphognathus) spp.

Fruit & Vegetable Pest

Adult Larva Egg

12 mm 12 mm(Pupa)

0.9 mm x 0.6 mm

White Grubs - Phyllophaga spp.

Vegetable, Fruit, Turf, Tree, Ornamental & Field Crop Pest

Adult Larva Egg

17-21 mm Three instars 2.4 mm x 1.5 mm

Southern Blue-Green Citrus Root Weevil - Pachnaeus litus

Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

8-14 mm

Northern Blue-Green Citrus Root Weevil - Pachnaeus opalus

Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

8.4-14 mm

Little Leaf Notcher (Citrus Root Weevil) - Artipus floridanus

Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

5.1-6.4 mm

Diaprepes Root Weevil - Diaprepes abbreviatus

Fruit, Ornamental, Field Crop & Vegetable Pest

Adult Larva Egg

9-15 mm 6-18 instarsUp to 20 mm

1.2 mm x 0.4 mm

Female

Female

Male

Caribbean Fruit Fly - Anastrepha suspensa

Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

5-8 mm (Female)5-6 mm (Male)

8-10 mm

Brown Stink Bug - Euschistus servus

Field Crop, Fruit & Vegetable Pest

Adult Larva Egg

11-15 mm Five instarsUp to 10 mm

1.4 mm x 1.2 mm

Southern Green Stink Bug - Nezara viridula

Ornamental, Field Crop, Fruit & Vegetable Pest

Adult Larva Egg

13-17 mm Five instarsUp to 10 mm

1.3 mm x 0.9 mm

Silverleaf Whitefly - Bemisia argentifolii or Bemisia tabaci

Field Crop, Ornamental & Vegetable Pest

Adult Larva Egg

1 mm Four instarsUp to 1 mm

0.2 mm

Citrus Whitefly - Dialeurodes citri

Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

< 4.3 mm (Wingspan)

0.25 mm

Cloudywinged Whitefly - Singhiella citrifolii

Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

1 mm Up to 1 mm 0.3 mm

FDACS/DPI

Citrus Blackfly - Aleurocanthus woglumi

Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

1-2 mm Up to 1 mm

Green Peach Aphid - Myzus persicae

Ornamental, Field Crop, Vegetable & Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

2 mm Five instars 0.6 mm x .3 mm

Melon Aphid - Aphis gossypii

Ornamental, Field Crop, Vegetable & Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

1-2 mm Up to 1 mm None

Brown Citrus Aphid - Toxoptera citricida

Ornamental & Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

3 mm Up to 3 mm None

Papaya Mealybug - Paracoccus marginatus

Fruit & Ornamental Pest

Adult Larva Egg

About 3 mm Females wingless Male

winged

Three instars

Longtailed Mealybug - Pseudococcus longispinus

Fruit, Ornamental & Tree Pest

Adult Larva Egg

3 mm (Body)

Asiatic Citrus Psyllid - Diaphorina citri

Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

3-4 mm Five instarsUp to 2 mm

0.3 mm

Citrus Snow Scale - Unaspis citri

Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

Up to 2 mm (Female)

White Peach Scale - Pseudaulacaspis pentagona

Fruit, Ornamental & Tree Pest

Adult Larva Egg

2-3 mm (Female)

<1 mm (Male)

Hemispherical Scale - Saissetia coffeae

Ornamental & Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

2-5 mm 1 mm (Crawler)

0.7 mm

Pyriform Scale - Protopulvinaria pyriformis

Ornamental & Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

Up to 3 mm

Cottony Cushion Scale - Icerya purchasi

Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

5 mm

Leaf-footed Bug - Leptoglossus phyllopus

Ornamental, Field Crop, Fruit & Vegetable Pest

Adult Larva Egg

2-3 cm

Glassy-winged Sharpshooter - Homalodisca coagulata

Fruit & Ornamental Pest

Adult Larva Egg

2 cm

Citrus Leafminer - Phyllocnistis citrella

Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

2 mm (Resting)

4 mm (Wingspan)

Up to 3 mm

Corn Earworm - Helicoverpa zea

Field Crop, Fruit & Ornamental Pest

Adult Larva Egg

32-45 mm (Wingspan)

Six instarsUp to 25 mm

0.5- 0.6 mm

Grape Root Borer - Vitacea polistiformis

Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

1.9 cm (Female length)1.5 cm (Male length)

38 mm

American Grasshopper - Schistocerca americana

Fruit, Tree & Ornamental

Adult Larva Egg

39-42 mm (Male)48-55 mm(Female)

Six instarsUp to 45 mm

7.0-8.0 mm

Eastern Lubber Grasshopper - Romalea microptera (formerly R.

guttata) Fruit, Tree & Ornamental

Adult Larva Egg

6-8 cm

Florida Flower Thrips - Frankliniella bispinosa

Fruit, Vegetable & Field Crop Pest

Adult Larva Egg

1 mm

Two-spotted Spider Mite - Tetranychus urticae

Ornamental, Vegetable, Field Crop & Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

minute

Citrus Rust Mite - Phyllocoptruta oleivora

Fruit Pest

Adult Larva Egg

minute

Many thanks to those that contributed to this project

Photographs by:– Lyle Buss, UF Entomology and

Nematology– Dr. Paul Choate, UF Entomology and

Nematology– Dr. John Capinera, Chair, UF Entomology

and Nematology– Dr. Norman Leppla, Director IPM Florida,

UF Entomology and Nematology– Dr. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State

University - Dept., Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management , Bugwood.org

– John Folz,, Emeritus Faculty, UF Entomology and Nematology

Photographs by:– Dr. Russ Ottens, University of Georgia,

Bugwood.org– Tracy Conklin, UF Entomology and

Nematology– Larry Williams, Okaloosa County

Extension – Natasha Wright, Florida Department of

Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org

– Dr. James Castner, UF Entomology and Nematology

– Dr. Wayne Dixon, Florida Division of Plant Industry

– USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Southern Region

Many thanks to those that contributed to this project

– Dr. Norman Leppla, Director-IPM Florida, UF Entomology and Nematology

– Dr. Jennifer Gillett-Kaufman, Associate Director IPM Florida, UF Entomology and Nematology

– Lyle Buss, UF Entomology and Nematology– Joyce Merritt, Publications Specialist, IPM

Florida and Plant Medicine Program– Kevyn Juneau, Research Assistant IPM

Florida, UF Entomology and Nematology

Contributors:

References• Capinera, J.L., 2001 Handbook of Vegetable Pests. Academic Press: San Diego• Hodges, A., Hodges, G., Buss, L., Osborne, L., 2005 Mealybugs& Mealybug Look-Alikes of the

Southeastern United States• Stehr, F.W. 1987. Immature Insects. Volumes I and II. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company • C. Malcolm Beck and John Howard Garrett, 2005 Texas Bug Book

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, Revised Edition. University of Texas Press: Austin, TX.• Short, D.E., Simone, G.W., Dunn, R.A. (Eds.), 2001 Commercial Ornamental Nursery Scouting

Manual. Department of Entomology and Nematology, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida: Gainesville, FL.