IMPORTANT BREEDING PLAN TO ENHANCE GENETIC GAIN IN INDIA FOR BOVINE

8/7/2019 IMPORTANT BREEDING PLAN TO ENHANCE GENETIC GAIN IN INDIA FOR BOVINE

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IMPORTANT BREEDING PLANIMPORTANT BREEDING PLAN

TO ENHANCE GENETIC GAIN INTO ENHANCE GENETIC GAIN ININDIA FOR BOVINEINDIA FOR BOVINE



INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

India is having largest animal genetic resourcesIndia is having largest animal genetic resourcesfor cattle and buffalofor cattle and buffalo

BreedBreed Population (m)Population (m)

CattleCattle ±± 40 212 (15%)40 212 (15%)BuffaloBuffalo-- 99 90 (57%)90 (57%)

Largest milk producer of the worldLargest milk producer of the world ±± 100MT100MT

Per capita milk availabilityPer capita milk availability ±± 226 g/day(2003)226 g/day(2003)Per capita req. (ICMR)Per capita req. (ICMR) -- 280 g/day280 g/day

To fulfill this gap require genetic gainTo fulfill this gap require genetic gain

breeding planbreeding plan



Present breeding policy for cattlePresent breeding policy for cattle

Selective breedingSelective breeding is the process in whichis the process in which

certain individuals in a population arecertain individuals in a population are

given an opportunity to produce offspringgiven an opportunity to produce offspringwhile others are denied this opportunity.while others are denied this opportunity.

Selective breeding in well defined breedsSelective breeding in well defined breeds

of milch and draught egof milch and draught eg ±±

Hariana,Tharparkar, Sahiwal & OngoleHariana,Tharparkar, Sahiwal & Ongole

Introducing more milk in draught breeds.Introducing more milk in draught breeds.



Grading upGrading up

The non descript cattle can be geneticallyThe non descript cattle can be geneticallyimproved by grading up using elite bulls of wellimproved by grading up using elite bulls of well

known indigenous breeds like Sahiwal,known indigenous breeds like Sahiwal,

Tharparkar, RedTharparkar, Red-- sindhi, Gir , Deoni , Hariana,sindhi, Gir , Deoni , Hariana,

Kankrej etc.available in the breeding tract.Kankrej etc.available in the breeding tract.

Milk yield can be improved to the extent of 5 toMilk yield can be improved to the extent of 5 to

10 per cent per annum.10 per cent per annum.

In a period of 5In a period of 5--6 generation of continuous6 generation of continuousgrading up, the non descript stock will begrading up, the non descript stock will be

transformed into well defined purebreds.transformed into well defined purebreds.



Cross breeding with exotic cattle breeds likeCross breeding with exotic cattle breeds likeHolstein, Brown Swiss and Jersey can be anHolstein, Brown Swiss and Jersey can be an

effective tool of rapid genetic improvement for effective tool of rapid genetic improvement for

enhancing multifold productivity of nonenhancing multifold productivity of non--descriptdescript

cattle.cattle.

The crossbred results indicated that HF andThe crossbred results indicated that HF and

Jersey breeds are best suited to climate of india.Jersey breeds are best suited to climate of india.

The crossbred maintained between 50 to 62.5%The crossbred maintained between 50 to 62.5%level of exotic inheritance were found better.level of exotic inheritance were found better.

Milk production increases by 5 to 8 times to thatMilk production increases by 5 to 8 times to that

of nonof non--descript cattle.descript cattle.

Crossbreeding



Limitation of cross breeding programmeLimitation of cross breeding programme

Requires strong networking of infrastructureRequires strong networking of infrastructurefacilities including AIfacilities including AI

Distribution of quality germplasm of superior Distribution of quality germplasm of superior genetic merit animals.genetic merit animals.

Bull mother farms and semen banksBull mother farms and semen banks

Trained man power, animal health care .Trained man power, animal health care .

Less tolerance to disease and adverse climaticLess tolerance to disease and adverse climaticconditionsconditions



Present breeding policy for buffaloPresent breeding policy for buffalo

44--5 generation cont. grading up5 generation cont. grading up

ND breed well defined breedND breed well defined breedwith Murrah and other well def. breeds.with Murrah and other well def. breeds.

Selective breeding in well defined breeds likeSelective breeding in well defined breeds like

Murrah, Mehsana, Nili Ravi,Surti etc.Murrah, Mehsana, Nili Ravi,Surti etc.Crossbreeding has been undertaken and theCrossbreeding has been undertaken and the

results were encouraging but not significant inresults were encouraging but not significant in

terms of production and reproduction traits.terms of production and reproduction traits.



Points of concernPoints of concernI.I. SystematicSystematic breedingbreeding policypolicy..II.II. Higher Higher ageage atat firstfirst calvingcalving..

III.III. Longer Longer drydry periodperiod..

IV.IV. ScantyScanty feedingfeeding andand managementmanagement..

V.V. SilentSilent heatheat (in(in buffalo)buffalo)..

VI.VI. LowLow milkmilk yieldyield..

VII.VII. LowLow conceptionconception raterate..

VIII.VIII. AnoestrusAnoestrus andand repeatrepeat breedingbreeding

IX.IX. SystematicSystematic breedingbreeding policypolicy..

X.X. PolicyPolicy for for disposaldisposal of of unproductiveunproductive animalsanimals..XI.XI. IndifferentIndifferent attitudeattitude of of farmer farmer toto AIAI

XII.XII. CastrationCastration of of scrubscrub andand draughtdraught buffalobuffalo malesmales..

XIII.XIII. CytogeneticCytogenetic andand molecular molecular screeningscreening of of breedingbreedingbullsbulls



F

Genetic

Improvement

Of dairy

animal

Improved

Evaluation

Methodology to

Identify

Better parent

Marker

assisted

selection

Molecular

Genetic

approachIMPROVED

REPRODUCTIVE

TECHNOLOGIES

AI and

Freezing of

semen

EMBRYO TRANSFER

SPERM SEXING

EMBRYO FREEZING

MULTIPLE OVULATION

CLONING

EMBRYO SPLITTING

EMBRYO SEXING



Action plan for proper implementingAction plan for proper implementing

the programmethe programme Identification of operational areas/ regions for the breed/genetic group/ animal population to be improved upon.

Infrastructure development in the operational areasincluding establishment of AI centers, animal health centers,

milk procurement and extension centers fully equipped withtrained man power i.e. veterinary, para-veterinay staff so asto enlarge network if breeding facilities for covering largenumber of breed able bovine animals.

Establishment and strengthening of breed nucleus herds/ bullmother farms, young bull rearing centers, semen collection

and processing laboratories. Establishment of data bank to carry out activities on animal

identification and performance recording linked withprogeny testing programme for selection of large number of high genetic merit bulls.



Networking of breed specific organized

government/private cattle and buffalo farms and largeprogressive farmers¶ herds for testing of large number of breeding bulls and linking with performance recordingand progeny testing of bulls under farmer herds in villageconditions.

For faster multiplication of superior germplasm, selectedorganized breeding herds should adopt open nucleusbreeding system with or without MOET and other emerging reproductive and genetic techniques.

Formation of the milk producers¶ cooperativeunions/breed societies/ NGOs for participation of farmers/breeders in the activities on breed development andimprovement as their own programme.

Improved evaluation methodology for the selection of

better parent.

Action plan for proper implementing the programmeAction plan for proper implementing the programme



OPEN NUCLEUS BREEDING SYSTEMOPEN NUCLEUS BREEDING SYSTEM

Village herdsVillage herds

Nucleus Herd

200 Cows recorded in detail

Bull selection on pedigree

Bulls

100 selected cows

A.I.

N.S.

IMPORTANT BREEDING PLAN TO ENHANCE GENETIC GAIN IN INDIA FOR BOVINE

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