Importance of Proper Management of Radioactive Substances
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Transcript of Importance of Proper Management of Radioactive Substances
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Importance of Proper Managementof Radioactive Substances
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Two types of Radiation
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Ionising Radiation is EXTREMELYDANGEROUS
It can produce free radicalsBreak chemical bondsProduce new chemical bonds and cross linkages
between macromoleculesDamage molecules that regulate vital cell processes
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Two types of Radiation Damage
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Safety Precautions in Handling of RadioactiveSubstances
Observe correct procedures and safety precautionsstrictly, Advice and instructions marked must beread and understood
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Gloves, long sleeved laboratory coats, longpants and shoes with socks must be worn
( AVOID DIRECT CONTACT )
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All work surfaces and storage areas should becovered with absorbent material to contain
radioactive material contamination
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When using liquids, use plastic/stainless steeltrays in case of spillage and liquid radioactive
should be kept in unbreakable containers
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Wash hands and forearms properly after
use
Use forceps and keep radioactivesubstances in lead boxes
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Stronger Radioactive sources should be handled with robotic control systems behind steel, concrete
or thick lead glass panels
Radiation badges must be worn by workersexposed to radiation
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Radiation Waste Management
Concentrate and contain-compacted into smaller volume and stored
Dilute and disperse
-diluted to safe levels and discharged to environmentDelay and decay
-stored and left to decay
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Three types of wasteLow-level wasteLow-level waste (LLW) is generated from hospitals and industry, as well as thenuclear fuel cycle. It comprises paper, rags, tools, clothing and filters whichcontain small amounts of mostly short-lived radioactivity. It does not requireshielding during handling and transport and is suitable for shallow land burial.To reduce its volume, it is often compacted or incinerated before disposal. Itcomprises some 90% of the volume but only 1% of the radioactivity of allradioactive waste.Intermediate-level wasteIntermediate-level waste (ILW) contains higher amounts of radioactivity andsome requires shielding. It typically comprises resins, chemical sludges andmetal fuel cladding, as well as contaminated materials from reactordecommissioning. Smaller items and any non-solids may be solidified inconcrete or bitumen for disposal.High-level wasteHigh-level waste (HLW) arises from the 'burning' of uranium fuel in a nuclearreactor. HLW contains the fission products and transuranic elements generatedin the reactor core. It is highly radioactive and hot, so requires cooling andshielding. It can be considered as the 'ash' from 'burning' uranium. HLWaccounts for over 95% of the total radioactivity produced in the process ofelectricity generation. It is vitrified by incorporating it into borosilicate glass which is then sealed inside stainless steel canisters for eventual disposal deepunderground.