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Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Controlfor the Traffic FlowA Simulation Based AnalysisImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Axel Wolfermann, Stephan MllerSlide #

n Kln-Porzn Lampoldshausenn Stuttgartn OberpfaffenhofenBraunschweig nn GttingenBerlin-- nAdlershofn BonnTrauen Hamburg NeustrelitzWeilheim Berlin-Charlottenburg Sankt Augustin DarmstadtGerman Aerospace Center (DLR) at a Glance5.100 employees working in 27 research institutes and facilitiesat 8 sitesin 7 field offices. Offices in Brussels, Paris and WashingtonImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Program DirectoratesAeronauticsSpaceTransportEnergy

Slide #Research at theDLR Institute of Transport Research

analysis of the Transport Demand in private and commercial transportModel-Based Analysis of the impacts of technical, organisational and political transport related measuresdevelopment and assessment of Future Scenarios

Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Slide #V-EU, Vorhaben Straenlrm3AgendaMotivation

IntroductionCooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC)

MethodologySimulation based assessment

ResultsImpact of CACC on Traffic Flow

Discussion

Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Slide #Capacity improvementsMotivationImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Goods Transport on the road is attractive......when the roads are not congestedSlide #5Cooperation Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC)

Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Source: IMA, RWTH

Source: ATZonline

Source: Promote ChauffeurSource: Promote ChauffeurSlide #Generell Mode of Operation of CACCTrucks driving connected in a platoonLeading vehicle is driven manually, followers are steered fully automatedUp to 7 vehicles can be coupled

Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Slide #Research on CACCUSACalifornia PATHEuropePROMOTE CHAUFFEUR I/II 1996-2003Demonstration of Technical FeasibilitySARTRE (Safe Road Trains for Environment) 2009-2012GermanyEFAS (Szenarios of Deployment of Driver Assistance Systems in Goods Traffic) 2001-2002MFG (Preparing Measures for practical Deployment of Driver Assistance Systems in Goods Traffic) 2003-2004KONVOI 2005-2008field tests in real traffic flowImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Slide #Research on CACC ViabilityImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Slide #Research on CACC ImpactsImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Source: Bonnet, Chr. ; Fritz, H.: Fuel Consumption Reduction Experienced by Two PROMOTE-CHAUFFEUR Trucks in Electronic Towbar Operation. In: 7th World Congress Conference on ITS, 2000

Slide #10Research on CACC ImpactsImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Slide #11Research on CACC ImpactsImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011?Slide #12Methodology

Impact of CACC on the capacityImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Slide #OutlineQuestion:Impact of linked road trains on the capacity in relation to penetration rate, number of trucks etc.?

Microscopic traffic flow simulation (VISSIM)without and with equipped trucks

Szenariosmotorway, no intersections, three lanes, one-way, slope of 1 %varyingtraffic volumenumber of trucksshare of CACC-equipped trucks

Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Slide #14Special View on implemented CACC-TrucksLenght distribution of trucks based on real dataOnly Trailer-Trucks and Drawbar Combination Trucks are equipped(~80 % of all trucks on motorway) Number of trucks in platoon uniformly distributed

A very long trucksimulatesthe platoonDistance betweenvehiclesdx = 10mImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Slide #15Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Calibration of VISSIMFitting of q-v-curves (no trucks, 20 % trucks, 10 % trucks)benchmark: HBS (German HCM)subsequent model tuning by driver behavior (many parameters)

Parameter of free ridingParameter of approximationParameter of followingSlide #Calibration Process: No trucks Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

q-vq-kSlide #Calibration Process: 20% trucksImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

q-vq-kSlide #Calibration Process: 10 % trucks for validationImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

q-vq-kSlide #ResultsImpact of CACC on the capacityImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Slide #

Results of the simulationEffects on Traffic Flow with 50 % CACC-equipped Trucks Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

CACC has a significant effect on traffic flow20 % trucks (50 % CACC)10 % trucks (50 % CACC)Slide #Results in Detailup to 6 % higher capacity(traffic volume at breakdown speed)insignificant effects for low penetration rateImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

car speed (km/h)traffic volume (veh/h)10 % trucks20 % truckshighCACC sharelowtraffic volume (veh/h)highCACC sharelowSlide #DiscussionImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Slide #ConclusionPositive impact on capacity quantified(~5 % for 50 % penetration rate)based on realistic vehicle mix

high penetration rate of CACC requiredfor significant overall impact on capacity

To the positive effects of CACC Fuel SavingSafetywe can addCapacityImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Slide #Outlookquantitative results can be used to calibrate (macroscopic) models

effect of coupling and decoupling yet to be incorporated

extension to different vehicle types (passenger cars) possibleImplications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Slide #Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Mller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011Thank You Very Much For Your Attention!

Dipl.-Ing. Stephan MllerDr.-Ing. Axel Wolfermann German Aerospace Center (DLR)stephan.mueller@dlr.deaxel.wolfermann@dlr.deSlide #