Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

25
Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow A Simulation Based Analysis Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011 Axel Wolfermann, Stephan Müller

description

Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow. A Simulation Based Analysis. Axel Wolfermann, Stephan Müller. Research at the DLR Institute of Transport Research. analysis of the Transport Demand in private and commercial transport - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Page 1: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Controlfor the Traffic FlowA Simulation Based AnalysisAxel Wolfermann, Stephan Müller

Page 2: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 3

Research at theDLR Institute of Transport Research

analysis of the Transport Demand in private and commercial transportModel-Based Analysis of the impacts of technical, organisational and political transport related measuresdevelopment and assessment of Future Scenarios

Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Page 3: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 4Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Agenda

Motivation

IntroductionCooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC)

MethodologySimulation based assessment

ResultsImpact of CACC on Traffic Flow

Discussion

Page 4: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 5Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Capacity improvementsInfrastructure• new lanes

Vehicles• eg. Gigaliner

Traffic Management• Avoid traffic• Shift traffic• Modal shift, shift in time, shift in space

• Control traffic• eg. ITS eg. CACC

MotivationGoods Transport on the road is attractive...

...when the roads are not congested

Page 5: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 6Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Cooperation Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC)

Source: IMA, RWTH

Source: ATZonline Source: Promote Chauffeur Source: Promote Chauffeur

Page 6: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 7Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Generell Mode of Operation of CACC

Trucks driving connected in a platoonLeading vehicle is driven manually, followers are steered fully automatedUp to 7 vehicles can be coupled

Page 7: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 8Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Research on CACC

USACalifornia PATH

EuropePROMOTE CHAUFFEUR I/II 1996-2003

Demonstration of Technical FeasibilitySARTRE (Safe Road Trains for Environment) 2009-2012

GermanyEFAS (Szenarios of Deployment of Driver Assistance Systems in Goods Traffic) 2001-2002MFG (Preparing Measures for practical Deployment of Driver Assistance Systems in Goods Traffic) 2003-2004KONVOI 2005-2008

field tests in real traffic flow

Page 8: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 9

Research on CACC – Viability

Technology• works

Legal aspects• are recognised

Acceptance• first results

Practice readiness• successful field tests

Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Page 9: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 10Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Research on CACC – Impacts

fuel savings• mixed results, but positive; field-test: up to 20 %

Source: Bonnet, Chr. ; Fritz, H.: Fuel Consumption Reduction Experienced by Two PROMOTE-CHAUFFEUR Trucks in Electronic Towbar Operation. In: 7th World Congress Conference on ITS, 2000

6 8 10 12 14 16 182 4veh ic le spac ing (m )

25

20

15

10

5

0

fuel

con

sum

ptio

n re

duct

ion

(%)

Leader

Trailer

60 km /h80 km /h

60 km /h80 km /h

Page 10: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 11Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Research on CACC – Impacts

fuel savings• mixed results, but positive; field-test: up to 20 %

safety• Qualitative studies: rear end collisions reduced

operation in traffic flow• coupling and decoupling, maximum number of linked trucks, …

Page 11: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 12Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Research on CACC – Impacts

fuel savings• mixed results, but positive; field-test: up to 20 %

safety• Qualitative studies: rear end collisions reduced

operation in traffic flow• coupling and decoupling, maximum number of linked trucks, …

What about the capacity of motorways??

Page 12: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 13Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

MethodologyImpact of CACC on the capacity

Page 13: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 14Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Outline

Question:Impact of linked road trains on the capacity in relation to penetration rate, number of trucks etc.?

Microscopic traffic flow simulation (VISSIM)without and with equipped trucks

Szenariosmotorway, no intersections, three lanes, one-way, slope of 1 %varying…

traffic volumenumber of trucksshare of CACC-equipped trucks

Page 14: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 15Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Special View on implemented CACC-Trucks

Lenght distribution of trucks based on real dataOnly Trailer-Trucks and Drawbar Combination Trucks are equipped(~80 % of all trucks on motorway) Number of trucks in platoon uniformly distributed

A very long trucksimulatesthe platoonDistance betweenvehiclesdx = 10m

2 3 4 5 6 7

0

50

100

150

200

Number of Trucks in the Platoon

Leng

ht o

f the

Pla

toon

in [m

]

Leng

th o

f tru

cks

Page 15: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 16Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Calibration of VISSIM

Fitting of q-v-curves (no trucks, 20 % trucks, 10 % trucks)benchmark: HBS (German HCM)subsequent model tuning by driver behavior (many parameters)

Parameter of free riding

Parameter of approximation

Parameter of following

Page 16: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 17Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Calibration Process: No trucks

q-vq-k

Page 17: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 18

Calibration Process: 20% trucks

Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

q-vq-k

Page 18: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 19

Calibration Process: 10 % trucks for validation

Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

q-vq-k

Page 19: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 20Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

ResultsImpact of CACC on the capacity

Page 20: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 21Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Results of the simulation

Effects on Traffic Flow with 50 % CACC-equipped Trucks CACC has a significant effect on traffic flow

20 % trucks (50 % CACC)10 % trucks (50 % CACC)

Page 21: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 22Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Results in Detail

up to 6 % higher capacity(traffic volume at breakdown speed)insignificant effects for low penetration rate

car s

peed

(km

/h)

traffic volume (veh/h)

10 % trucks 20 % truckshigh

CACC share

low

traffic volume (veh/h)

highCACC share

low

Page 22: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 23

Discussion

Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Page 23: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 24Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Conclusion

Positive impact on capacity quantified(~5 % for 50 % penetration rate)based on realistic vehicle mix

high penetration rate of CACC requiredfor significant overall impact on capacity

To the positive effects of CACC Fuel SavingSafety

we can addCapacity

Page 24: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 25

Outlook

quantitative results can be used to calibrate (macroscopic) models

effect of coupling and decoupling yet to be incorporated

extension to different vehicle types (passenger cars) possible

Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Page 25: Implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for the Traffic Flow

Slide 26Implications of CACC on Traffic Flow :> Müller, Wolfermann > 4th ECITL Thessaloniki >13th October 2011

Thank You Very Much For Your Attention!

Dipl.-Ing. Stephan MüllerDr.-Ing. Axel Wolfermann

German Aerospace Center (DLR)

[email protected]@dlr.de