Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language TeachingContrastive Analysis means the comparison of two

languages by paying attention to differences and similarities between languages being compared. For example, we compare Bahasa Indonesia and English

In teaching and learning English as second language, contrastive analysis is really helpful for both the teachers and the students, because we will know the differences and similarities between source language (L1) and target language (L2).

Therefore, it is easy for us to learn and adjust to the target language. So that, we do not incorporate the system of our source language to the target language, because each language has distinct system.

Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language TeachingIn applying contrastive analysis

in the classroom, the teacher can use linguistic aspects, such as phonology and syntax.

PhonologyPhonology is the study of sounds distribution in a language and the interaction between those different sounds.

Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language TeachingExamples:Bahasa Indonesia

VowelsEnglishVowels

 

aiueo 

Long Short i: – cream, seen ʒ: – burn, firm ɑ: – hard, far ɔ: – corn, faun U: – bloom, glue

 

ɪ – bit, sillyɛ – bet, headæ – cat, dadɒ – dog, rottenʌ – cut, nutʊ – put, sootə – about, clever

Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language TeachingSyntaxSyntax means the study of the rules that govern the ways in which words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentence.1. PhraseBahasa Indonesia

Rumah besarNenek sayaPada pagi hariPada malam hari

EnglishBig houseMy grandmotherIn the morningAt night

Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language TeachingIn English phrases, adjectives precede

nouns. Therefore, the law applied is MD (modifier-determiner). In the phrase ‘big house’ house is determiner and big is modifier, while Indonesia is vice versa, the law applied is DM (determiner-modifier). In the phrase “rumah besar’ the word ‘besar’ modifies ‘house’. Possessive adjective (my) precedes noun (grandmother), preposition (in/at) based on its adverb of time while in Bahasa Indonesia, it’s only translated  ‘pada/di’.

Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language Teaching2. Clause

Bahasa IndonesiaAdikku menariKakakku makanNeneknya menangis

EnglishMy sister dancesMy brother eatsHer grandmother criesHis grandmother cries

Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language Teaching3. SentenceSentences are utterances that have a minimal structure subject (S) and predicate (P) and the intonation indicates that the speech is complete with meaning.According to its functions, components of sentence consist of Subject, Predicate, Object, Complement and Adverb.

Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language TeachingThere are six basic forms of

sentences in Indonesian and 7 in English as follows:Bahasa Indonesia1. S – P2. S – P – O3. S – P – Pel4. S – P – Ket5. S – P – O – Pel6. S – P – O – Ket 

English1. SV2. SVA3. SVC4. SVO5. SVOO6. SVOA7. SVOC

Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language Teaching4. TensesTenses are the system of grammatical rules in English that related to verbs. There are four basic tenses which can be contrasted with Bahasa Indonesia. They are:Simple Present TensePresent Continuous TensePresent Perfect TenseSimple Past Tense

Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language Teaching

Simple Present Tense- They study English- She studies English- They do not study English- She does not study English- Do they study English?- Does she study English?

 - Mereka belajar Bahasa Inggris- Dia belajar Bahasa Inggris- Mereka tidak belajar Bhs Inggris- Dia tidak belajar Bhs Inggris- Apakah  mereka belajar Bhs Inggris?- Apakah dia belajar Bhs Inggris?

In English, if the subject is ‘third singular person’ the verb must be added –s/-es at the back, while in Bahasa is unchanged. Pronouns of third singular person is clearly mentioned, ‘she’ for women and ‘he’ for man, while in Bahasa is only mentioned ‘dia’ in both woman and man.

Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language Teaching

Present Continuous Tense- They are studying English.- She is writing a story.- I am listening to the song.

 - Mereka sedang belajar Bhs Inggris.- Dia sedang menulis sebuah cerita.- Saya sedang mendengar lagu.In present continuous tense, it’s

added to be (am, is, are) and verb-ing. To be ‘am’ is only for subject ‘I’, ‘is’ for third singular person, and ‘are’ for plural subjects. In Bahasa, it is translated with ‘sedang’.

Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language Teaching

Present Perfect Tense- They have studied English.- She has written a story.

 - Mereka telah belajar Bahasa Inggris.- Dia telah menulis sebuah surat.The Present Perfect is added Auxiliaries

‘Has’ is attached to the single subject and ‘Have’ in the plural Subject. While the verb is the verb form of the third or commonly called as the past participle. If it is a regular verb then it’s just added -ed as in Walked, talked, studied, etc., And if the verb is irregular, we must know its past participle form as in bring-Brought, eat- eaten, write-written etc. In Bahasa, it is translated as ‘telah’ or ‘baru saja’.

Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language Teaching

Simple Past Tense- They studied English.- She wrote a story.

 - Mereka belajar Bahasa Inggris.- Dia menulis sebuah surat.The verb that is used in this tense is

second form. If the verb is regular, it is only added -ed such as in walked, talked, etc., and if the verb is irregular, we must know the form of its past tense as in write-wrote, eat-ate, etc. On the negative sentence is added auxiliary ‘Did’ and ‘not’ after the subject of both Single and Plural. In Bahasa Indonesia, it is translated  ‘dulu’.

Implication of Contrastive Analysis in English Language TeachingCONCLUSIONContrastive analysis investigates the differences

between pairs (or small sets) of languages against the background of similarities and with the purpose of providing input to applied disciplines such as foreign language teaching and translation studies.

In teaching and learning English as second language, contrastive analysis is really helpful for both the teachers and the students, because we will know the differences and similarities between source language (L1) and target language (L2). Therefore, it is easy for us to learn and adjust to the target language. So that, we do not incorporate the system of our source language to the target language, because each language has distinct system