Implementing world best practice ideas for car-free Sheffield Professor SC Lenny Koh The University...

Implementing world best practice ideas for car-free Sheffield

Professor SC Lenny KohThe University of Sheffield

Management School

10/04/23 © The University of Sheffield

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Contents• Introduction • Background information – brief recap• Is car-free Sheffield achievable• Ideas: minimize high pollution cars • Ideas: increase public transport facilities and

service • Tram• Bike• Public transport• Road congestion


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Inspiration for this talk

‘CO2 reduction interventions for

transport: Towards a low carbon direction’

delivered in October 2010.

Examples from Japan, Denmark and

Germany

Japan


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Denmark • Actions taken:• Electric cars

• Government investment into research • Hydrogen and electricity-powered cars exempt from tax

until 2012.• Challenges the idea of owning a car: leasing and

sharing• Bicycles • Improved public transport• Other measures investigated by the government

• Alternative fuels for buses, eco-driving, certification scheme, etc


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Germany – the Freiburg inspiration


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Is car-free Sheffield achievable?


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What can we do for Sheffield?• Minimise high pollution cars

• Increase public transport facilities and service


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Minimise high pollution cars

• Preferential taxation for fuel-efficient lightweight passenger cars

• Electric cars: challenges, impact and opportunities


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Is preferential taxation for fuel-efficient lightweight passenger cars a possibility?


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Electric Vehicles - Overview2 Types of Electric Vehicles:

• All Electric Vehicle (EV)• Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

DfT Research suggests EV/ PHEVs could realise a 40% benefit in CO2 savings – utilising existing UK power mix. However, this could be increased with more low-carbon sources of power generation.


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Electric Vehicles - Overview


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Electric Vehicles - Overview

• Some current and upcoming EV/ PHEVs:


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Electric Vehicles - Challenges Due to vehicle development lead times, Electric Vehicles will

initially be introduced into the UK market in low volumes with mass production and volume availability unlikely to occur before 2014.

Wide spread roll-out and uptake of EVs and PHEVs after 2014 will require:

• An increase in consumer confidence and education; • Improvement in battery performance and cost; • Charging infrastructure which keeps pace with demand; and,• Stimulation of the market through incentives which encourage

the uptake.


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Impact on the National Grid:

The DfT has undertaken a high level assessment of the impact of EV/ PHEVs on national energy networks through a number of scenario based forecasts in the period up to 2030:

Electric Vehicles - Impact

Electric Vehicles - Impact• The EV is assumed to have an efficiency of

0.16kWh/km in 2010, 0.13kWh/km in 2020, and 0.11kWh/km in 2030

• Key finding – Sufficient national generating capacity to cope with the uptake assuming that demand for charging is targeted at off-peak periods where there is currently surplus capacity.

• This would be achieved through smart metering, charging and off peak tariffs.


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Electric Vehicles - Opportunities• The development of EV/ PHEV technology provides an opportunity for

the UK to take a lead in the development and deployment of the new technologies required.

• There are national and regional opportunities for job creation throughout the supply chain including:

• The development of batteries, internal combustion engines for hybrids, electric motors, control systems, energy recovery systems, battery recycling and charging infrastructure.

• Regional Example - CO2Sence is heading up a bid for a share of European funding (OLEV, Plugged in Places scheme) worth up to £20 million to develop a network of electric vehicle charging points across the region.


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Electric Vehicles - Opportunities• Facts and Figures (DfT, 2008):

• The UK is the second largest passenger car market in Europe;

• The sector employs 194,000 people;• It contributes an annual £9.6bn of added value to the

country’s economy;• 61% of the commercial vehicles in the UK are

exported. • This accounts for 13% of total UK manufacturing

exports


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Appendix 1 – EV Grid Impact

Public transport

• Trams

• Bikes

• Buses

• Trains


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Trams


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Trams

• User-friendly

• Comfortable

• Frequent

• Operate till midnight

• Reliable

• Environmentally friendly

Problem?

• Limited routes – some areas not connected at all.


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Bikes

Bikes Yes

• No CO2

• Great source of exercise

• Cost-effective

No • Poor cycle path

network especially in congested areas.

• Lack of bike parking and shower facilities at workplace.


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Bike hire system• Up and running in

London • Ideal for short trips in

town• No need to buy own

bike• Multiple ways of

paying for rental• The fees could pay for

developing cycle path network


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Tram-and-bike system• Ideal for longer journeys:

Bike to the tram stop, park your bike and take the tram.

• Do the opposite for your return journey.

• Faster than walking without the need for a car.

• Adds exercise to your daily routine.

• No petrol costs.• Solution for bike parking.


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Public transport – train/bus


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Public transport – train/bus

• Regarded as rather unreliable

• Long journeys on bus routes

• Train prices and VAT increase mean more expensive fares

Possibilities?• Cheaper / flat-rate

fares for region-wide public transport

• One monthly/weekly ticket for all carriers

• Preferential pricing for those who don’t own a car


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Road congestion


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Road congestion

• Transportation policy and road improvement to be planned early for growing areas

• Delivery of goods needs to be addressed to avoid HGV entering the city • Hub and Spoke.


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Thank you!


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Questions


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Implementing world best practice ideas for car-free Sheffield Professor SC Lenny Koh The University...

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