Implementing IP Addressing Services

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE I Chapter 6 1

Implementing IP Addressing Services

Accessing the WAN – Chapter 7

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 2

Objectives

Configuring DHCP in an enterprise branch network

Configuring NAT on a Cisco router

Configure new generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6


BOOTP and DHCP Differences


Using DHCP Relay when server and client are not on the same segment


Benefits of using private and public IP addressing


NAT OVERLOAD

http://www.firewall.cx/nat-overload-part1.php


Configuring port forwarding


Verifying and troubleshoot NAT and NAT overload configurations


Configure New Generation RIP (RIPng) to use IPv6

Based on figures as recent as January 2007, about 2.4 billion of the available IPv4 addresses are already assigned to end users or ISPs.

That leaves roughly 1.3 billion addresses still available from the IPv4 address space.

Despite this seemingly large number, IPv4 address space is running out.


Shrinking IP Address Space


Where Are the IP Addresses Going?

Population growth

Mobile users

Transportation

Consumer electronics


IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses


IPV6 Address Representation


IPsec

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a protocol suite for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and encrypting each IP packet of a communication session. IPsec also includes protocols for establishing mutual authentication between agents at the beginning of the session and negotiation of cryptographic keys to be used during the session.

IPsec is an end-to-end security scheme operating in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite. It can be used in protecting data flows between a pair of hosts (host-to-host), between a pair of security gateways (network-to-network), or between a security gateway and a host (network-to-host).[1]

Some other Internet security systems in widespread use, such as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Shell (SSH), operate in the upper layers of the TCP/IP model. Hence, IPsec protects any application traffic across an IP network. Applications do not need to be specifically designed to use IPsec. The use of TLS/SSL, on the other hand, must be designed into an application to protect the application protocols.

IPsec is a successor of the ISO standard Network Layer Security Protocol (NLSP). NLSP was based on the SP3 protocol that was published by NIST, but designed by the Secure Data Network System project of the National Security Agency (NSA).

IPsec is officially specified by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in a series of Request for Comment documents addressing various components and extensions. It specifies the spelling of the protocol name to be IPsec.[2]


IPv4 and IPv6 Headers


IPv6 Address Representation


IPv6 Addresses


IPv6 Addressing

IPv6 Global Unicast Address

range of addresses that start with binary value 001 (2000::/3), which is 1/8 of the total IPv6 address space and is the largest block of assigned addresses.

Reserved Addresses

represent 1/256th of the total IPv6 address space.

Private AddressesSite-local addresses (these addresses start with "FEC", "FED", "FEE", or "FEF“)

Link-local addresses (these addresses start with "FE8", "FE9", "FEA", or "FEB“)

Loopback Addresses (loopback address is 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1) or (::1)

Unspecified Address (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0) or (“”)is named the "unspecified" address


Assigning IPv6 Addresses


EUI-64


Stateless Autoconfiguration


DHCPv6 (Stateful)


EUI-64 to IPv6 Interface Identifier


Tunneling


Tunneling (beyond scope of this class)


IPv6 Routing Considerations


RIPng Routing Protocol


Enabling IPv6 on Cisco Routers


IPv6 Address Configuration Example


Cisco IOS IPv6 Name Resolution


Configuring RIPng for IPv6


RIPng IPv6 Configuration


Verify and troubleshoot IPv6


Troubleshooting Commands


Summary

Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)This is a means of assigning IP address and other configuration information automatically.

DHCP operation–3 different allocation methods

•Manual

•Automatic

•Dynamic

–Steps to configure DHCP

•Define range of addresses

•Create DHCP pool

•Configure DHCP pool specifics


Summary

DHCP RelayConcept of using a router configured to listen for DHCP messages from DHCP clients and then forwards those messages to servers on different subnets

Troubleshooting DHCP–Most problems arise due to configuration errors

–Commands to aid troubleshooting

•Show ip dhcp

•Show run

•debug


Summary Private IP addresses

–Class A = 10.x.x.x

–Class B = 172.16.x.x – 172.31.x.x

–Class C = 192.168.x.x

Network Address Translation (NAT)–A means of translating private IP addresses to public IP addresses

–Type s of NAT

•Static

•Dynamic

–Some commands used for troubleshooting

•Show ip nat translations

•Show ip nat statistics

•Debug ip nat


Summary

IPv6–A 128 bit address that uses colons to separate entries

–Normally written as 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits

Cisco IOS Dual Stack–A way of permitting a node to have connectivity to an IPv4 & IP v6 network simultaneously

IPv6 Tunneling–An IPV6 packet is encapsulated within another protocol


Summary

Configuring RIPng with IPv61st globally enable IPv6

2nd enable IPv6 on interfaces on which IPv6 is to be enabled

3rd enable RIPng using either

ipv6 rotuer rip name

ipv6 router name enable

Implementing IP Addressing Services

Documents

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