Implementing Education Decentralization Donald Winkler RTI International EGAT/ED Global Sector...
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Transcript of Implementing Education Decentralization Donald Winkler RTI International EGAT/ED Global Sector...
Implementing Education
Decentralization
Donald Winkler RTI International
EGAT/ED Global Sector Training Workshop
August 8, 2005
Why Focus on Decentralization?
Decentralization is a dominant policy direction in many countries.
Questions about design and implementation.
Questions about impact: Quality, equity, efficiency, and democratization.
Our EQUIP2 focus: Implementation, accountability, finance.
EQUIP2 Activities Knowledge sharing, development of
analytic framework, tools to facilitate implementation.
Policy and Country Briefs: Synthesis of good international practices—information, report cards, accountability, finance.
Decentralization Workshop: Develop toolkit to facilitate implementation.
International Experience Decentralization is global.
Long ago: Federal Countries Yesterday: Latin America Today: Asia and Africa.
What is Education Decentralization?
Two basic types of education decentralization:
School Autonomy: Delegate responsibilities to schools
Devolution: Devolve responsibilities to governments
Hybrid Model: Devolution with Autonomy
Education DecentralizationDevolution—Argentina, Brazil,
Indonesia, Pakistan, Spain
School Autonomy—El Salvador, Kenya, Nicaragua, Armenia, New Zealand
Hybrid—Egypt, Peru
Devolution: Argentina Rapid devolution to
provincial governments. Continued centralized
control at provincial level. Slow transformation of
central MOE. No impact at school level
despite major reform.
Autonomy: El Salvador Schools managed by community
associations [ACEs]—full autonomy. Rapidly increase access in remote areas. Capacity not a constraint. MOE capitation grants.
Hybrid: South Africa Devolution to provincial governments. School Governing Boards manage
budgets. Block grants to provinces and capitation
grants to schools. Increased access and fiscal equity. Important role of analysis.
Some Lessons Learned Devolution—little impact on quality. School autonomy—more promising. MOE--essential implementation role. Critical role of information and standards
in accountability. Active participation of parents and
teachers—necessary condition for quality.
Implementing Decentralization
“Big Bang” Decentralization policy designed and
implemented very quickly E.g. Indonesia (2 years), Argentina (6 months)
“Go Slow” Decentralization policy designed and
implemented over many years E.g. South Africa and Peru (4-5 years) Spain (20 years)
“Big Bang” vs. “Go Slow” “Big Bang” approach may result in poor
policy design that makes implementation difficult but quickly creates a fait accompli.
“Go Slow” gives policy makers time to pay attention to details and gives reform opponents time to block significant change.
Either approach has significant risks for successful implementation.
Education Decentralization Toolkit
Three day workshop for key stakeholders. Highly interactive exercises. Tools to:
Create a common vision Link decentralization to quality Identify obstacles to implementation Re-engineer processes Meet conditions for accountability Set priorities for moving ahead
Toolkit Objectives Identify obstacles to implementation Foster communication and build
consensus Develop agreement about priority
objectives Put the focus on teaching and learning in
the classroom Understand international lessons learned Create understanding of the complexity
and size of the implementation task. Realize the need to restructure the MOE to
support decentralized education
Education Decentralization Matrix
Function National Regional Local School
Governance
Finance
Personnel
Students
Curriculum
Facilities
Examples of Tools Reverse Process Engineering
Schematic Diagram: Reverse Process Engineering
National Government
Regional Education Departments
School Classroom Resource
Elements:
Agencies/Organizations
Actors/Decision Makers Financial Flows Discrete Decisions
Local Councils (Sakrebulos)
District (Rayon) Education Divisions
School Council
Egypt Experience Participants: Ministries of Education,
Higher Education, Finance, and Local Administration; Governorates
Content: Emphasis on design, focus on quality, communication,
international experience, identify Egyptian successes.
Resources on Decentralization
Additional Resources USAID web site: EQUIP2
www.equip123.net World Bank website
www1.worldbank.org/publicsector RTI Education Finance & Decentralization
Conference Website https://register.rti.org/EducationFinance/index.cfm
Implementing Education
Decentralization Three countries:
Peru [Fernando Bolaños] Uganda [David Bruns] Zambia [Cornelius Chipoma]
Three questions: Country setting and status of decentralization? Key difficulties in implementation? USAID assistance strategies?