Implementation – the forgotten variable in CPTED research Resources... · Implementation – the...
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Implementation – the forgotten variable in CPTED research and practice: Elucidating the elements that facilitate implementation process Mateja Mihinjac (Griffith University, Queensland, Australia) Tarah Hodgkinson (Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada) 2017 ICA Conference: My street, my neighbourhood, my city – CPTED in action August 7-8 2017
Transcript of Implementation – the forgotten variable in CPTED research Resources... · Implementation – the...
Implementation–theforgottenvariableinCPTEDresearchandpractice:
Elucidatingtheelementsthatfacilitateimplementationprocess
MatejaMihinjac(GriffithUniversity,Queensland,Australia)TarahHodgkinson(SimonFraserUniversity,BritishColumbia,Canada)
2017ICAConference:Mystreet,myneighbourhood,mycity–CPTEDinaction
August7-82017
https://buy.garmin.com/en-CA/CA/cOnTheRoad-cAutomotive-p1.html
Today’spresentation
1. Implementationpathwayexercise2. Preliminaryfindingsfromcomparativeimplementationstudy
3. Linkfindingstoourresearchandpracticalexperience
http://sarahvanderson.com/MAP-ILLUSTRATION
POLICY/PLANRESOURCES
KNOWLEDGE&SKILLSCRIMEINFORMATION
PROCESSSAFESPACE
SUCCESSFULSPACEATTRACTIVEDESIGN
Researchbackgroundandmethodology
• CPTEDimplementation• Openingthisblackboxwillhelpusreplicatesuccessandimproveimplementation
• InterviewswithCPTEDpractitionersinCanadaandAustralia• Practitioners:• Crimeprevention&communitysafetyofficersfromlocalcouncils/cityhall• Current&formerpoliceofficersinvolvedinCPTED• Privatesecurityconsultants• Cityplanners
Preliminaryfindings–keythemes
STAKEHOLDERBUY-IN
POLICYSTATEMENT
FUNDING/BUDGET
CONTEXT&PROBLEMANALYSIS
MIXEDTEAMS&INTEGRATION
RELATIONSHIPS
OTHERS…
Stakeholderbuy-in
“Hejustnailedit.Heunderstooditrightoffthebatandsowedidalotofwork(there)afterthat….he’sagoodguytohaveonside.InallCPTEDimplementationyouneedtohavetherightpeopleonside.”(C2)
“That'swhythesethingsworkbetterifyouactuallyhaveacouncillortrainedbecausetheyknowwhattodothenandtheymakesurethatthingshappenincouncil.Sothingsdogetapprovedintheend.”(A7)
Policystatement
“Bloodygoodpolicytostartwith,that'srelevant.Andyouwouldthinkthatitwouldhappeninthecouncil,thatifanewpolicywasintroducedandpeopleweretrainedinit.Sotheyneedtoknow(thepolicy)isthereforastart.”(A7)
“Therearelotsofcodes.Evenintheofficialplanof(Canadiancity)itsaysthatpublicsafetyisabigpartofdevelopmentandreview.Iwrotesomeofthesesafetyguidelinesfor(Canadiancity).It’snotthatdifficulttogetin…Publicsafetyisalwaystopofmindformostpeople,soit’snotthatdifficulttogetintoofficialdocumentationifyouwantitthere…butitneedstobethere.”(C2)
Funding/Budget
“Iwouldshowup…anddoalltheseservicesforthem.SowewoulddoCPTEDprojectswiththeseneighbourhoodassociationsbecauseweweregettingpaidforit(aspartofabiggerproject).SowewoulddoCPTEDprojectsupanddownthestreetallover(thecity)becausetheywerealreadypayingforourservices.”(C1)
“Sometimesitwasabudgetissue.Sometimeswhenwesaid"youknow,you'regonnahavetoputbetterlightingin"...itprobablycostmorethattheywerewillingto(pay).Takesmoretime,takesmoreon-siteassessments,observations,mapping,interviews…thenwemightcomeupwithanswersthattheythenmightnotwanttoimplement.Ithinkitwouldbringinthecriticalanalysisissuesthattheydidn'treallywanttohaveconversationsabout.”(A5)
Context&problemanalysis
“Itreallytakesaverydetailedanalysisofanarea.Untilyouactuallyfullyappreciatewhatyou'redealingwithyoushouldn’tbetryingtoprovidesolutionsoranswerstoquestionsyoudon'tknow.It'sanalysisofcrime,thetypesofcrime,inputfromthecommunityandthingslikesafetyaudits,it'sthingslikevisualobservations,talkingtopeople,groupsofpeople,peopleinkeygovernmentagencies.”(A9)
“Wewilllookatthefileifthereisapolicefilereported.Wewilllookatthepointofentryandpointofexit(afterabreakandenter)…alotofitistodowithreducingfear…andwewillgothroughour(CPTED)checklistwiththemandthenwewillhelpthemteachtheirneighboursandaddablockwatchelementtoit.”(C4)
Mixedteams&integration
“WhenIwasdoingitin(thecity),therewerepeopleworkingrightintheplanningoffice….Iwasatallthoseplanningofficemeetings–everytwoweeks.”(C3)
“…(themostimportantthingwas)havingamulti-disciplinaryteam.Youneedamixtureofpeople.Andsomepeopleareverybroadthinkingandsomepeopleareverydetailthinking.Anditdoesn'tmatterwhatprojectyoudo,Iwouldcouncilanybodytohaveamulti-disciplinaryteambecauseyouhavedifferentperspectivestogiveyouatotalpicture.”(A2)
Relationships
“Itallcomesdowntorelationships…Ihavetohaveanappreciationthattheyknowsomethingatthetable…theseguyshavealotofeducationandtheexpertiseoftheirparticularjob….Soifyouaren’twillingtobroadenyourmindsetandworktogetheryoudon’tbringalottothetableandnothingwillgetdone.”(C4)
“Communicationistheonlythingthat'sreallylacking.Youhearaboutitperiodicallyonlybecausesomeonewasn’ttoldoraskedor...doesn'treallymatterbut(lackof)communicationistherootofallevil,Ithink.Becauseit'sjustsuchanimportantthingandthethingthatwequiteoftenforget.”(A7)
CURRENTSTUDY(PRELIMINARYFINDINGS) PRACTICE RESEARCH
STAKEHOLDERBUY-IN RESIDENT&STAKEHOLDERDRIVENPROBLEMSWITHREDTAPE
(BOWERS&JOHNSON,2006);
POLITICALMINDSETOFIMPLEMENTERS(PEASE,2006)
POLICYSTATEMENT GREATERIMPORTANCEOFCHAMPIONSSYMBOLICPOLICY
(ELLIOTT,1998;THEODOULOU&KOFINIS,2004);
PLAN/POLICYQUALITY(BERKEETAL.,2006;SUTTON,1994)
FUNDING/BUDGETRESIDENTASSOCIATIONS,NGOs,PHILANTROPHY,COMMERCIALACTORS
SUSTAINED&SIGNIFICANTFUNDING(OSTROM,2009;WALLER,2008,2015);
FINANCIALRESOURCES(MAUER,2011;SCOTT,2006)
CONTEXT&PROBLEMANALYSIS SAFEGROWTH®RISKASSESSMENTMATRIX&NEIGHBORHOODPROFILE
SARAMODEL(GOLDSTEIN,1990);
ISSUENOMINATION(SAVILLE,1992);
CONTEXT(BERKEETAL.,2006;EKBLOM,2011;GRABOSKY,1996)
MIXEDTEAMS&INTEGRATION REQUISITEVARIETYMULTIPLESTAKEHOLDERS
(ROSENBAUM,2002;CAPUTO&MCINTYRE,2015);
POLYCENTRICGOVERNANCE(OSTROM,2009)
RELATIONSHIPSTEAMWORK,
EMOTIONALINTELLIGENCE
IMPLEMENTATIONGAME(BARDACH,1979);
COMMUNICATION(DAVENPORT,1993;HOMEL,2006;SCOTT,2006)
THANKYOUFORYOURATTENTION!
PLEASESEEUSAFTERTHESESSIONFORPARTICIPATIONINOURRESEARCHSTUDY
MatejaMihinjacTarahHodgkinsonmateja.mihinjac@[email protected]
