IMPERIALISM SOUTH AFRICA. THE DUTCH CAPE COLONY 1652 Established 1652 to resupply ships Boers(Dutch...

24
IMPERIALISM SOUTH AFRICA

Transcript of IMPERIALISM SOUTH AFRICA. THE DUTCH CAPE COLONY 1652 Established 1652 to resupply ships Boers(Dutch...

IMPERIALISM

SOUTH AFRICA

THE DUTCH CAPE COLONY 1652

• Established 1652 to resupply ships• Boers(Dutch for “farmers”) take over Africans’

land & estab. Large farms• Boers are also known as Afrikaners – speak a

simplified version of Dutch: “Afrikaan”• Feel they are racially superior to African people• By 1790 pop. 15,000 (10,000 slaves)• Fear uprising – force free Africans to carry I.D.

passes when leaving work

British Cape Colony1806

• South Africa is rich in gold & diamonds• 1806 – British capture Cape colony &

impose British law on Afrikaners• Brit’s continue segregation forcing African

peoples to live far from white settlements

Diamond Mining

The Great Trek1830-1840

• Afrikaners try to escape Brit’s by “trekking” north

Shaka Zulu1787-1828

The African Wars

• Zulus – descendents of Bantu speaking peoples (Shosa, Zulu, Sotho)

• Boers/Afrikaners come into conflict with Zulus on the Great Trek

• Zulus led by Shaka – used military strategies (horns of the bull) and disciplined warriors

Battle of Blood River1838

• 1838 Afrikaners defeat Zulus (spears & shields no match for guns)

• Conquest of all South Africans complete in late 1880’s

• Afrikaners pass laws to control movement of Africans and force them to work on white owned farms

The Boer War 1899 -1902

• Boers resist British with guerrilla tactics & commando

raids• British burn crops and force

women & children into concentration camps (20,000 die)

• 1st Total War

Union of South Africa 1910

• Brits defeat Boers – combine old Cape Colony & Boer republics as self-governing nation

• Constitution: gives small white minority power (votes/control gov’t.) over large black majority

Native Lands Act 1913

• Whites enact laws which limit, confine, & exploit black Africans

APARTHEID Acts 1948

• National policy of racial separation• Blacks are forced to move to “reserves”

(worthless land)• Must carry passbooks (I.D.)• Native Lands Act: reserves 90% of land

for whites• Blacks forbidden in white areas unless

working

Passbook

Soweto

Soweto Uprising

Peaceful Protest Marchers

Soweto Riots

Steven BikoAnti-Apartheid and Black

Consciousness Leader1946-1977