Imperialism of Africa
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Transcript of Imperialism of Africa
Imperialism of Africa
European Scramble for Colonies
Basic Principles of Imperialism
Imperialism?:
Racism?:Racism?:
Social Darwinism?:Social Darwinism?:
IndustrialRevolutionIndustrialRevolution
Source forRaw
Materials
Source forRaw
Materials
Markets forFinishedGoods
Markets forFinishedGoods
EuropeanNationalismEuropean
Nationalism
MissionaryActivity
MissionaryActivity
Military& NavalBases
Military& NavalBases
EuropeanMotives
For Colonization
EuropeanMotives
For Colonization
Places toDump
Unwanted/Excess Popul.
Places toDump
Unwanted/Excess Popul.
Soc. & Eco.Opportunities
Soc. & Eco.Opportunities
HumanitarianReasons
HumanitarianReasons
EuropeanRacism
EuropeanRacism
“WhiteMan’s
Burden”
“WhiteMan’s
Burden”
SocialDarwinism
SocialDarwinism
Why was Africa Prone to Imperialism?
External Factors?:
Internal Factors?:
What were Euros after?
The Berlin Conference (1884-85)
14 European nations agreed how to divide Africa
Problem?!
Outcomes: Forced distribution of African ethnic &
linguistic groups Transformation of African way of life
20th Century Africa
Colonial Africa
1. Where Is Dr. Livingstone?
Dr. David Livingstone
DoctorLivingston
e,I Presume?
Sir Henry Morton Stanley
Also: founded Congo Free State (on behalf of King Leopold II of Belgium)
European Explorations in mid-19c:
“The Scramble for Africa”
The Belgian Congo
Stanley’s exploration of Af. sparked interest of Leopold II (Belgium)
1879-1882: Stanley signed treaties w/chiefs of Congo River Valley for Leo
Leo’s primary motive = abolish slavery & spread Christianity
BUT, he brutally exploited Congo for rubber 10 mill. died 1908: Belgian govt. took control
European Imperialism in South Africa
I. Early Euro. Explorers & Settlers
1487: Bartholomew Diaz 1497: Vasco da Gama 1652: Dutch
Attraction of the Cape of Good Hope?
1652: Dutch (“Boers” or “Afrikaners”) established Cape Town
1814: British appear
Conflict betw. Boers & British? Dutch had slaves
1833: Emancipation of slaves
II. The Great Trek
1835-1848: Dutch fought w/Zulus for land
1868: diamonds discovered in Cape colony 1885: gold discovered in Transvaal
Effects?? “Outlanders”
1853: Cecil Rhodes (DeBeers Diamond Co.) 1896-1899: reconciliation attempts failed
III. The Boer War (1899-1902)
Boers: guerilla tactics British: burned farms Outcome? 1910: the Union of South Africa
National Party?
Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance
The only Af. nation that resisted Euros. Menelik II
1889: became emperor Built up a large arsenal of modern weapons Noticed discrepancies in treaty w/Italy
1896: Battle of Adowa – Ethiopians won
2. What is the Source of the Nile?
John Speke Sir Richard Burton
Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902)
“The Colossus of Rhodes”
Uncle Sam: “The Colossusof the Pacific” (A Parody)
Africa
in the
1880s
Africa
in
1914
3 Groups that clashed over territory & resources in South Africa Zulus Boers (Afrikaners) (Dutch) British
Outcome of the Boer War (1899-1902) Creation of self-governing Union of South
Africa controlled by British (Apartheid system)
What were 4 positive sides of colonialism?
Reduced local warfare Brought humanitarian efforts Economic expansion Railroads, dams, telegraph lines
What were 6 negative sides of colonialism in Africa?
Africans lost control of their land & their independence
Many died of new diseases Famine Lost thousands of people in
resisting Europeans Breakdown of traditional cultures Division of the African continent