Imperialism

Mr. WilliamsonSomerville High School

Why did they decide to Explore? Arrival of British in India an example of

IMPERIALISM Process of one people ruling/controlling another

Late 1700s – European powers expand in Asia/Africa Advances in weapon technology, HUGE military

advantage Steam-powered gunboats, repeating rifles, machine guns,

exploding shells

Lastly, Europeans took advantage of weakening empires Mughal Empire entered a deep decline after 1707

Rise of Indian Nationalism British changes in Indian society greatly

disturbed Indian elites/middle classes Had little power of influence in government

Leads to a Indian nationalist movement, saw themselves as having the same rights as Europeans First supported by Ram Mohun Roy in the 1820s Felt that British were violating Indian people’s rights, free

speech/religion Roy wrote texts/opened schools to spread nationalist ideas

Eventually leads to first Indian Nationalist Organization, the Indian National Congress – sought additional representation in the Indian Civil Service (ICS)

Rise of Indian Nationalism British officials announce plans to divide the

province (state) of Bengal Claim it would be easier to govern but nationalists thought

it was to break up the Hindu population of the region

In response, radicals call for a boycott of British goods or swadeshi Vowed to wear only Indian made garments, burned British

cloth Forces British to make concessions to the Indian people

Also results in the Muslim League, created to protect the interests of Indian Muslims/worked with the Indian National Congress for complete Indian independence

Hinduism – Exit Ticket Based on the text and graphic organizer

challenge completed in class, answer the following question on the index card provided:

What teachings of Hinduism have a common place in our society today? In other words, what concepts or practices are recognizable to you and summarize their meaning/purpose.

Review your organizer to assist in your response.

Indian Culture & Customs The Caste System – complex system based

on social-economic class Based on the idea that there are separate

types of humans, primarily based on one’s occupation/family

Rules created to keep people spiritually “PURE” For example, cannot have contact with lower

castesCooking, marriage, employment, etc.

Individuals’ job determined at birth Rules imbedded into law, custom and religious

tradition; therefore, wide acceptance of rules

Indian Culture & Customs Village seen as the basic unit of society

Headman governed the village, usually a respected landlord with decisions advised by a council of elders

Each village had a caste that did the jobs needed for daily life Village was SELF-SUFFICIENT, produced all it needed

Family Life – individual identify by family then village A patriarchal structure, “father” typically dominates with

assistance from wife/brothers on major decisions (for example, marriages) Practiced arranged marriage to protect/benefit the family Before marriage, the wife’s family would provided DOWRY

(financial gift) paid to the groom. Wife would become part of husband’s family.

Indian Culture & Customs Islam vs. Hinduism Comparison Activity

Exit Ticket: In what ways is Islam/Hinduism similar?

Name 3. In what ways are they different? Name 3.

Rise of Indian Nationalism Islam – Important Elements of Worship

1. Muslim Code of Behavior 2. Muslim Dress

Modest, women should cover heads, arms, legs (veils in some countries/practices)

3. Muslim Diet – no pork/alcohol 4. No gambling 5. Minaret – call to prayer 5X a day 6. Face Mecca while praying/use of a mat-rug 7. Men/Women separate in the mosque 8. No Clergy – Inman, the prayer leader

Reasons to Spread Wars/Missionary work

Rise of Indian Nationalism 1914 – Gandhi emerges as a key leader for

Indian Independence from Great Britain Background

Middle-class, Hindu family, went to England to study law Became a lawyer/moved to S. Africa There, developed ideas about use of non-violence

Satyagraha – “Truth Force” Civil Disobedience – Refusal to obey unjust laws

Rise of Indian Nationalism Early 1900s – Increasing tensions b/t

Indians/British In WWI, 800k Indians fought on behalf of the

British Indians felt their sacrifices would lead to new

freedoms Anger/unrest within Indian population grows

Amritsar Massacre – British soldiers open fire on Indian, non-violent protesters

Gandhi organizes ahisma or nonviolence Boycott of all British products Protest of British monopoly of salt