IMPERIALISM IN CHINA

Interpret the political cartoon.

1. Who is involved?2. What are they doing?3. How does the cartoon make them appear?

Important Terms• unfavorable balance of trade: importing more than exporting

– example: Great Britain imported more tea, spices, silk & porcelain from China than they exported cotton & textiles to China…so Great Britain had to pay the rest of their bill in silver & gold

• extraterritoriality: foreigners do not have to follow the laws of the country in which they live…if get in trouble, they are sent to their home country for trial– example: a British person living in China would not be tried in China for

stealing…instead, they were sent back to be tried in British courts

• sphere of influences: areas where imperialist countries had exclusive trading rights– example: Great Britain in Shanghai, Nanjing & Hong Kong

• Open Door Policy: all countries had equal access to trade in China– example: all states have the same opportunities in Shanghai & Nanjing

• struggle between Westernization & modernization: struggle to keep traditional cultures, beliefs & worldviews…yet also, move forward industrially, in order, to be able to compete with imperialistic states

Spheres of Influence

1835 19151875

1839-42 Opium War-ended with Treaty of Nanjing-China opened 5 more portsfor trade with GB, paid costs of war, gave Hong Kong to GB& agreed to extraterritoriality

1850-64 Tai Ping Rebellion-peasant revolt led by Hong Xi-believed himself to be younger brother of Jesus & he had God-given vision to destroy Qing Dynasty-social reforms likeland to peasants & women equal to men-Europeans sided withQing & defeated rebellion-very bloody: over 20 milliondied

1860 GB & Fr.seized Beijing-Treaty of Tianjin-legal opium trade-China opened moreports for trade

1870s rise of Warlords-weakened Qing begins-policy of “self strengthening” -keeping Confucian values-but adopting Western technology

European states creatingSpheres of Influence-Tibet gained freedom b/cRussia & GB fighting over controlling it

rapid population growthfamine, corruption &economic troubles

1894 Sino-Japanese War-Korea & Taiwan to Japan

1898 Emperor Guang Xu-100 Days of Reform-Western style schools, banks, etc.-Empress Dowager CiXi opposed-CiXi gained control & took Guang Xucaptive

1899 John Hay (USA)Open Door Policy

1900 Boxer Rebellion“Society of Harmonious Fist”hated foreigners & Chineseconverts to Christianity (sell-outs)-defeated by combined foreign armies-CiXi finally gave in to appearance ofreforms (elections set for 1910)

1908 Guang Xu died-CiXi died next day-Qing dynasty fell apart

1911 RevolutionSun Yat-sen setupNationalist Party3 main ideas:1) military take over2) transitional phase

to prepare people for

democracy3) constitutional

democracy

after Rev. of 1911,China in chaos-Sun Yat-sen fledto Japan

Opium Wars

Taiping Rebellion

Open Door Policy

Boxer Rebellion

Sun Yat-sen & Revolution of 1911

Imperialism in Japan

1835 1875

1835-36 Commodore Matthew C. Perry came with warships to openJapan to Western trade

Japanese Society:communityhierarchy3 obedience:-child to father-wife to husband-widow to son

1863 alliance of Samurai forcedgovernment to end relations with the West

1868 Meiji RestorationMutsuhito (new ruler)wanted to modernize Japanto compete in world trade& politics…sent delegationsto study Great Britain,United States, France & Germany-moved capital to Tokyo (Edo)

1871 newmilitary

1870s-80s battle for politicalcontrol between liberals (parliamentholds supreme power)& progressives (powershared by emperor &parliament)

-women allowed towork outside home-Western music, art & fashion

1875

1889 Tokyo Schoolof Fine Arts: mergeJapanese & Western art

1880s-90s tensions with China & Russia over Korea

1890 Meiji Constitution-based on Imperial Germany-chief executive holds power-Emperor figure, but Prime Ministerhad the real power…democraticgovernment in form, authoritarian in practice…with only male voters

Economic reform:-peasants given land, but paid taxes-if could not pay taxes, land was sold-by 1900, 40% tenant farmers-government subsidies to needy industries-improved transportation & communication-new educational system: built around Americaneducational system, with loyalties to EmperorGoal: wealthy country & strong state

growingdistrust between Japan & USA

1904 Russo-Japanese WarJapan defeated Russia, in a warthat showed Japan as true world power, not just in Asia

1910 Japanannexed Korea

1915

Japan & China: Venn Diagram

China

Both

Japan

HOMEWORK: Imperialism in Asia

• Title of visual: Imperialism in China & Japan

• Create a visual showing the major events & the parties involved with the imperialism of China OR Japan.