Imperialism in Africa
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World History II – October 2014
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Empire - a large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, that controls many peoples or territories
Imperialism – the social, political and/or economic domination of one nation over another
Period of New Imperialism – (approximately 1830-1914) rapid conquest of African and Asian lands by European powers
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Industrialization
Created the need for raw materials and markets Markets – people to buy the finished goods
Importing so many raw materials created economic instability (Remember Adam Smith?)
Internal political stresses Spread of liberal democracy led to many groups with different
goals and opinions
Leaders thought imperialism would unite their people behind a common cause
International tensions European nations were in fierce competition with each other
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Inspired by Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species
Explained the theory of evolution
Social Darwinism applied these evolutionary theories to human beingsand societies
The strongest or fittest should survive in society, while the weak and unfit should be allowed to die Saw natives in Africa and Asia as weaker and unfit to survive, so justified taking land and resources away from them
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ambassadors and leaders from 14 European countries met to divide up the territories of Africa
They believed that this land was “uncivilized” and should be colonized by white, Christian Europeans
Determined European spheres of influence A region of the world in which
one country is dominant Europeans thought that these
divisions would stabilize the balance of power in Europe
Berlin Conference (1884-85)
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By the end of the 19th
Century, European nations controlled 85% of the globe!