IMPACTS OF

ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION

ON MARINE RAS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. APRIA SYSTEMS: WHO WE ARE

2. ELOXIRAS® ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION IN RECIRCULATING

AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS: CONCEPT

3. ON-FIELD RESULTS

4. ELOXIRAS®: MOST INNOVATIVE ASPECTS AND MAIN IMPACTS

5. MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

www.eloxiras.com

1

APRIA Systems S.L.

Parque Empresarial de Morero

Guarnizo, Cantabria, Spain

THE COMPANY

• SME innovative company specialized in

consultancy and engineering services.

• Founded in March 2006 as a spin-off

from R&D projects managed by the

University of Cantabria.

• Activity strongly influenced by R&D

actions.

• Highly specialized human resources.

Innovative alternatives for the

chemical and related industries,

providing bespoke solutions to fulfil

the environmental regulations.

INTRODUCTION LOCATION

2. ELOXIRAS®: CONCEPT

www.eloxiras.com

TECHNOLOGY

Based on electrochemical oxidation technology, the

water contaminants are removed by REDOX

reactions promoted by special catalysts materials

coated on electrodes.

Coated catalysts are activated by an electric

potential as unique driving force of the treatment.

APPLICATION Regeneration and reuse of marine and brackish water in Recirculating

Aquaculture Systems.

ELOXIRAS®: ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION IN THE

RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS

2. ELOXIRAS®: CONCEPT

www.eloxiras.com

EFFICACY

POLLUTANT

INTEGRATED

CONVENTIONAL

RAS

ELOXIRAS®

TAN Moderate Excelent

Nitrite Moderate High

Nitrate Low-Moderate Low-Moderate

Organic Matter Low - Moderate Low-Moderate

Pathogens Good-ExcelentGood-

Excelent

www.eloxiras.com

2. ELOXIRAS®: CONCEPT

INTEGRATION

3. ELOXIRAS®: ON-FIELD RESULTS

www.eloxiras.com

Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentarias (IRTA), Tarragona, SPAIN.

VALIDATION/DEMONSTRATION CHARACTERISTICS

- Cultured Species: Seabass & Seabream; Biomass densities 20 – 45 kg/m3 (0.17 – 0.37 lbs/gal)

- Culture Tanks: 2 Units; Vtotal = 20 m3 (5,280 Gallons).

- Recirculation flowrate: 20 – 30 m3/h (88-132 GPM)

- Duration: 1 Year

3. ELOXIRAS®: ON-FIELD RESULTS

www.eloxiras.com

EFFICACY: ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR RESULTS

> 3 logarithms

3. ELOXIRAS®: ON-FIELD RESULTS

www.eloxiras.com

EFFICACY: POST-TREATMENT / AC FILTER

Parameter Units Max. Value obtained Quality criteria

Total Chlorine mg Cl2/L 0.1 -

TTHMs μg/L < LOQ(b) (3.01) 100 μg/L (Directive 98/83/EC)

BrO3- mg/L n.d.(a) 0.07 mg BrO3

-/L (IMO, 2008)

ClO3- mg/L 0.57 0.7 mg ClO3

-/L (WHO, 2011)

ClO4- mg/L n.d.(a) -

(a) n.d.: not detected ―below the limit of detection (LOD) of the method (LOD of bromate: 0.05 mg/L; LOD of perchlorate: 1 mg/L)―.(b) < LOQ: below the limit of quantification of the method (5 μg/L).

On-site

recovery of

GAC filter

efficacy

3. ELOXIRAS®: ON-FIELD RESULTS

www.eloxiras.com

EFFICACY: CULTURE TANKS WATER QUALITY

Parameter UnitsAverage value (± Std

deviation)Quality criteriaa

Oxygen mg O2/L 8.70 ± 0.57 > 5

Temperature ºC 20.4 ± 2.1 22

pH - 7.18 ± 0.20 6.5 – 8.5

ORP mV 170.7 ± 88.5 -

TSS mg/L 20 ± 12 10 – 80

TAN mg N-NH3/L 0.55 ± 0.42 < 3

Nitrite mg NO2-/L 0.08 ± 0.11 < 1

Nitrate mg N-NO3-/L 2.5 ± 3.1 0 – 90

COD mg O2/L < 30 -

Total bacteria CFU/mL 1.102 – 2.103 -

Vibrio spp CFU/mL 3.101 – 7.102 -

a Quality criteria according to Timmons et al., 2009.

3. ELOXIRAS®: ON-FIELD RESULTS

www.eloxiras.com

FEEDING AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE

Culture cycle 10 g 350 - 450 g

3. ELOXIRAS®: ON-FIELD RESULTS

www.eloxiras.com

FEEDING AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE

Pre-growing Ongrowing

Parameter Expected

values ELOXIRAS®

Expected values

ELOXIRAS®

Biomass density (kg/m3) 20 36.1 35 48.9

SGR (%/day) 3.8 5.08 0.56 2.02 SFR (%/day) 3-8 5.03 0.5-3.5 3.81

FCR (kg feed/ kg fish produced)

1.2-1.4 1.27 1.5-2 2.07

Pre-growing Ongrowing

Parameter Expected

values ELOXIRAS®

Expected values

ELOXIRAS®

Biomass density (kg/m3) 20 38.6 23 43.7

SGR (%/day) 3.8 4.30 0.6 1.63 SFR (%/day) 3-8 5.19 0.5-3.0 3.69

FCR (kg feed/ kg fish produced)

1.1-1.4 1.48 1.5-2 2.59

Seabream

Seabass

Fish welfare was supported by the histopathologic studies conducted by

internationally renowned experts from Univeristat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain)

who pointed out the remarkable good condition of the fish, with the absence of

significant anomalies or injuries in all the examined specimens.

3. ELOXIRAS®: ON-FIELD RESULTS

www.eloxiras.com

Performance indicators

Make-up

water

consumptio

n

200 – 200 L/kg (24 – 36 gal/lb) fish produced:

Intensive Recirculation

3. ELOXIRAS®: ON-FIELD RESULTS

www.eloxiras.com

Performance indicators

O&M Costs

Energy

Consumptio

n

< 0.18 kWh/gTAN (79 kWh/lb TAN)

4. ELOXIRAS®: MOST INNOVATIVE ASPECTS AND MAIN IMPACTS

www.eloxiras.com

Main innovations compared with existing technology include:

- ELOXIRAS® only requires electricity as driving force, avoiding the need for other utilities as gases, chemicals or

heat to work.

- Removal of concerned pollutants with only one technology, avoiding the need of integrating specialized

processes as biofilters, UV, ozone, etc. ELOXIRAS® electrochemical cells allows the simultaneous removal of:

TAN, nitrite, nitrate, organics and bacteria.

- Higher efficacy in the removal of TAN (> 90%) than conventional biofilters, due to the use of special materials

within the electrochemical cells that act as catalysts.

- Alternative reaction routes to biological nitrification in the removal of TAN, that avoids the production of toxic by-

products, as nitrate. Even nitrate is removed as a result of the reduction reactions promoted.

- Unlike biofiltration technology, ELOXIRAS® requires neither start-up periods for biomass maturity, nor biomass

support during maintenance operations. This allows ELOXIRAS® to overcome existing alternatives for

increasing flexibility and adaptability to production needs.

www.eloxiras.com

- ELOXIRAS® allows a paramount intensification of marine RAS, enhancing its productivity and reducing the

environmental impact.

- Integration of additional technologies for disinfection or even denitrification is not required, unlike many other

conventional RAS based on biological filtration. Important savings on final water treatment processes before

discharge to the media can be obtained.

- Production capacities observed can be increased by 30% in comparison with typical values, while maintaining

the farming performance in relation to feeding and fish growth.

- Make-up water intake can be reduced to just 200 – 300 L per kg of fish produced ―becoming an intensive

RAS―; more than 50% reduction compared to conventional biofilter-based RAS.

4. ELOXIRAS®: MOST INNOVATIVE ASPECTS AND MAIN IMPACTS

5. MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

www.eloxiras.com

ELOXIRAS® SERIES

BIO Series

Focused on quarantine and bio-

security facilities for any RAS scale. It

offers an enhanced control of

pathogens due to the disinfection

capabilities, also contributing to achieve

high isolation levels.

MINI Series

For small scale RAS facilities. It offers

compactness and adaptable treatment

capacity.

HYBRID Series

Ideal for new or existing large RAS

facilities. It contributes to the increase

of current production capacity, as well

as to the decrease of water use.

LOGISTIC Series

Focused on typical truck or well-boat

transport operations from hatcheries

to growing facilities. It offers major

autonomy for long distances and larger

biomass capacity thanks to its

compact design.

5. MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

www.eloxiras.com

PRODUCT VERSIONS AND MODELS AVAILABLE

System controlled

manually.

BASIC

Fully automated.

COMFORT

Remote control via web

browser.

4.0CONCEPT

Main technological

solution.

Parque Empresarial de Morero

Parcela P.2-12, Nave 1 - Puerta 5

39611 Guarnizo, Cantabria (España)

Tel: +34 942 07 81 47

e-mail: comercial@apriasystems.es

www.eloxiras.com