Impacts of Agriculture Intensification on Rainforest Bat...
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Species richness estimated from harp trap capture nights (Fig 3) was highest in forest, followed by polyculture coffee plantations, and then monoculture coffee plantations. However, the low capture rate in the two plantation types made it impossible to distinguish among habitats when species richness estimates were adjusted for bat density (Fig 4). Table 1. Number of individuals and species (in parentheses) of all ensembles of bats captured in and around Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. FC: forest-foraging &cave-roosting; FF: forest-foraging & foliage-roosting; OE: open space-foraging. New records according to Simmons (2005), Corbet & Hill (1992) , Prastianingrum (2008). HT = Harp trap; MN = Mist net. •Corbet, G. B. & Hill, J. E. 1992. The Mammals of the Indo-Malayan Region: A Systematic Review. •Cowell, R. K. 2009. Estimate S, Ver. 8.2. http://purl.oclc.org/estimates. •Kingston, T. 2010. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19 (2): 471-484. •Lane, D. W. J., et al. 2006. Biological Conservation, 131: 584-593. •Prastianingrum, H. 2008. Bachelor thesis. University of Lamping. •Simmons, N. B. 2005. Pp. 312-529, in Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference 3rd edition ( edited by D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder). Impacts of Coffee Agriculture Intensification on Rainforest Bat Assemblages in Sumatra, Indonesia Huang, Joe Chun-Chia 1 , Elly L. Rustiati 2 , Syaiful Bahrie 2 , Koko Yustian 2 , Krisantus U. E. Kusuma 2 , Miswandi B. Katinu 2 , Jani Master 2 , Hesti Prastianingrum 3 , Meyner Nusalawo 4 , and Tigga Kingston 1 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, USA; 2 Department of Biology, University of Lampung, Indonesia; 3 SMAN South Sumatra, Spapoerna Academy, Indonesia; 4 Wildlife Conservation Society-Indonesia Program, Indonesia We used harp traps and mist nets to study the changes in bat assemblages along a gradient of agriculture intensification for coffee production in and around Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia from July to August 2010. 1,382 bats of 36 species were captured; 7 are potentially new to Sumatra. Insectivorous bat abundance was highest in forest, followed by polyculture coffee plantations, and then monoculture plantations, and this pattern was driven largely by two forest-dependent insectivorous ensembles. The study indicates the importance of intact rainforest to bat biodiversity in this area. Southeast Asia is likely to experience severe losses of bat diversity as a result of rapid deforestation (Lane et al. 2006, Kingston 2010). In Sumatra, Indonesia, land-conversion for coffee production is one of the greatest threats to rainforests and local biodiversity. In this study, we ask how bat assemblages and different ensembles respond to different levels of agricultural intensification for coffee production. Sumber Jaya (SJ) Way Heni (WH) Way Canguk (WC) Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia •We thank RISTEK and BBSNP for permission of this project. We also thank Dr. Hai-YIn Wu, Dr. Yiching Ling, Dr. Gene-Sheng Tung, and Chun-Yu Huang for equipment supporting, farmers in WH and SJ villages, Aji Aja, Dr. Arjan Boonman, Fikty Aprilinayati, Janji Ralhman, Taufiq P. Nugraha and Yuli S. Fitriyanafor for various helps. •This project is funded by awards from Bat Conservation International and American Society of Mammalogists to JCCH, and Texas Tech University to TK. Abundance of insectivorous bats declined greatly from forest to both types of coffee plantations, and this pattern was driven largely by two forest-dependent insectivorous ensembles , FF and FC bats. The decrease in abundance of the forest-dependent species in both plantation types indicates the significant value of rainforest to bat diversity in this area. Polyculture plantations did support a moderately high bat diversity and more plant-visiting species than monocultural operations. This was a pilot study. Future efforts will focus on sampling at replicate sites for each land-use to increase sample sizes to clarify the patterns of species richness among land-use types. 1,382 bats of 36 species were recorded (Table 1), and 7 are potentially new to Sumatra, including Cynopterus speices, Murina rozendaali, Myotis siligorensis, 2 Kerivoula species, and 2 unknown Vespertilioninae species. Figure 4. Rescaled rarefaction curves for harp traps in each of the three habitats. Figure 1. Capture rate of all insectivorous bats and ensembles of insectivorous species by harp traps in all habitats. FC: forest-foraging & cave-roosting; FF: forest-foraging & foliage-roosting; OE: open space-foraging. Figure 3. Sample-based rarefaction curves for harp traps in each of the three habitats. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Forest Polyculture Monoculture Number of Capture per 12hrs * trap Land-use Type Total FC FF OE Figure 2. Capture rate of all bats and ensembles by mist nets in each of two plantation types. Mist nets were not set in the primary forest (Table 1) Primary Forest Polyculture Plantation Monoculture Plantation Number of Nights 16 4 3 Capture Method HT HT MN HT MN Number of Trap Nights 34 16 6 12 4 Plant-visiting (P) - 2 (2) 0 40 (6) 1 (1) 10 (2) Insectivorous (I) FC 1118 (10) 125 (6) 14 (2) 0 0 FF 60 (10) 0 0 1 (1) 0 OG 0 5 (4) 1 (1) 0 4 (3) Total Capture Number 1180 186 16 Total Species Richness 22 16 6 Species New to Sumatra 2 2 3 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 Polyculture Monoculture Number of Capture per m 2 * 4 hrs Land-use Type All bats Plant-visiting Ensemble Insectivorous Ensemble 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 Estimated Species Richenss Number of Trap Nights Forest Polyculture Monoculture 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Estimated Species Richness Number of Captures Forest Polyculture Monoculture 95% CI of Forest Bat abundance (Fig 1) by harp traps of all insectivorous bats and two forest ensembles (FF and FC) was highest in forest, followed by polyculture coffee plantations, then monoculture plantations. Bat abundance (Fig 2) by mist nets of all bats and two foraging ensembles (P and I) was higher in polyculture coffee plantations than in monoculture coffee plantations. The green bushes represent coffee trees. After http://www.coffeehabitat.com Primary Forest (WC) Polyculture Coffee Plantation (WH) Monoculture Coffee Plantation (SJ) Ensemble Assignment Plant-visiting (P) Insectivorous (I), classified further to reflect their dependence on forests for foraging and roosting: Forest-foraging and foliage-roosting (FF) Forest-foraging and cave-roosting (FC) Open space/edge-foraging (OE) Diversity Survey Harp Trap: forest and plantations Mist Net: plantation only Data Analysis Abundance: capture rate at each habitat. Species Richness: sample-based rarefaction curve for each habitat (Colwell 2009). Cynopterus brachyotis (P) Macroglossus sobrinus (P) Hipposideros larvatus (FC) Rhinolophus boreenesis (FC) Kerivoula sp. 2 (FF) Murina rozendaali (FF) Vespertilioninae sp.1 (OE) Myotis muricola (OE)
Transcript of Impacts of Agriculture Intensification on Rainforest Bat...
Species richness estimated from harp trap capture nights (Fig 3) was highest in forest, followed by polyculture coffee plantations, and then monoculture coffee plantations. However,
the low capture rate in the two plantation types made it impossible to distinguish among habitats when species richness estimates were adjusted for bat density (Fig 4).
Table 1. Number of individuals and species (in parentheses) of all ensembles of bats captured in and around Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia.
FC: forest-foraging &cave-roosting; FF: forest-foraging & foliage-roosting; OE: open space-foraging. New records
according to Simmons (2005), Corbet & Hill (1992) , Prastianingrum (2008). HT = Harp trap; MN = Mist net.
•Corbet, G. B. & Hill, J. E. 1992. The Mammals of the Indo-Malayan Region: A Systematic Review.
•Cowell, R. K. 2009. Estimate S, Ver. 8.2. http://purl.oclc.org/estimates.
•Kingston, T. 2010. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19 (2): 471-484.
•Lane, D. W. J., et al. 2006. Biological Conservation, 131: 584-593.
•Prastianingrum, H. 2008. Bachelor thesis. University of Lamping.
•Simmons, N. B. 2005. Pp. 312-529, in Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference 3rd edition ( edited by D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder).
Impacts of Coffee Agriculture Intensification on Rainforest Bat Assemblages in Sumatra, Indonesia
Huang, Joe Chun-Chia1, Elly L. Rustiati2, Syaiful Bahrie2, Koko Yustian2, Krisantus U. E. Kusuma2 , Miswandi B. Katinu 2, Jani Master2, Hesti Prastianingrum3, Meyner Nusalawo4, and Tigga Kingston1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, USA; 2Department of Biology, University of Lampung, Indonesia; 3SMAN South Sumatra, Spapoerna Academy, Indonesia; 4Wildlife Conservation Society-Indonesia Program, Indonesia
We used harp traps and mist nets to study the changes in bat assemblages along a gradient of agriculture intensification for coffee production in and around Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia from July to August 2010. 1,382 bats of 36 species were captured; 7 are potentially new to Sumatra. Insectivorous bat abundance was highest in forest, followed by polyculturecoffee plantations, and then monoculture plantations, and this pattern was driven largely by two forest-dependent insectivorous ensembles. The study indicates the importance of intact rainforest to bat biodiversity in this area.
Southeast Asia is likely to experience severe losses of bat diversity as a result of rapid deforestation (Lane et al. 2006, Kingston 2010).
In Sumatra, Indonesia, land-conversion for coffee production is one of the greatest threats to rainforests and local biodiversity.
In this study, we ask how bat assemblages and different ensembles respond to different levels of agricultural intensification for coffee production.
Sumber Jaya (SJ)
Way Heni (WH)Way Canguk (WC)
Bukit BarisanSelatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia
•We thank RISTEK and BBSNP for permission of this project. We also thank Dr. Hai-YIn Wu, Dr. Yiching Ling, Dr. Gene-Sheng Tung, and Chun-Yu Huang for equipment supporting, farmers in WH and SJ villages, Aji Aja, Dr. ArjanBoonman, Fikty Aprilinayati, Janji Ralhman, Taufiq P. Nugraha and Yuli S. Fitriyanafor for various helps.
•This project is funded by awards from Bat Conservation International and American Society of Mammalogists to JCCH, and Texas Tech University to TK.
Abundance of insectivorous bats declined greatly from forest to both types of coffee plantations, and this pattern was driven largely by two forest-dependent insectivorous ensembles , FF and FC bats.
The decrease in abundance of the forest-dependent species in both plantation types indicates the significant value of rainforest to bat diversity in this area.
Polyculture plantations did support a moderately high bat diversity and more plant-visiting species than monocultural operations.
This was a pilot study. Future efforts will focus on sampling at replicate
sites for each land-use to increase sample sizes to clarify the patterns of species richness among land-use types.
1,382 bats of 36 species were recorded (Table 1), and 7 are potentially new to Sumatra, including Cynopterus speices, Murina rozendaali, Myotis siligorensis, 2 Kerivoula species, and 2 unknown Vespertilioninae species.
Figure 4. Rescaled rarefaction curves for harp traps in each of the three habitats.
Figure 1. Capture rate of all insectivorous bats and ensembles of insectivorous species by harp traps in all habitats. FC: forest-foraging & cave-roosting; FF: forest-foraging & foliage-roosting; OE: open space-foraging.
Figure 3. Sample-based rarefaction curves for harp traps in each of the three habitats.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Forest Polyculture Monoculture
Nu
mb
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of
Cap
ture
p
er
12
hrs
* t
rap
Land-use Type
Total
FC
FF
OE
Figure 2. Capture rate of all bats and ensembles by mist nets in each of two plantation types. Mist nets were not set in the primary forest (Table 1)
Primary
Forest
Polyculture
Plantation
Monoculture
Plantation
Number of Nights 16 4 3
Capture Method HT HT MN HT MN
Number of Trap Nights 34 16 6 12 4
Plant-visiting (P) - 2 (2) 0 40 (6) 1 (1) 10 (2)
Insectivorous (I)
FC 1118 (10) 125 (6) 14 (2) 0 0
FF 60 (10) 0 0 1 (1) 0
OG 0 5 (4) 1 (1) 0 4 (3)
Total Capture Number 1180 186 16
Total Species Richness 22 16 6
Species New to Sumatra 2 2 3
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
Polyculture Monoculture
Nu
mb
er
of
Cap
ture
p
er
m2
* 4
hrs
Land-use Type
All bats
Plant-visiting Ensemble
Insectivorous Ensemble
0
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15
20
25
30
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34
Esti
mat
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Sp
eci
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nss
Number of Trap Nights
Forest
Polyculture
Monoculture
0
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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Esti
mat
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Sp
eci
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Number of Captures
ForestPolycultureMonoculture95% CI of Forest
Bat abundance (Fig 1) by harp traps of all insectivorous bats and two forest ensembles (FF and FC) was highest in forest, followed by polyculturecoffee plantations, then monoculture plantations.
Bat abundance (Fig 2) by mist nets of all bats and two foraging ensembles (P and I) was higher in polyculture coffee plantations than in monoculture coffee plantations.
The green bushes represent coffee trees. After http://www.coffeehabitat.com
Primary Forest (WC)
Polyculture Coffee Plantation (WH)
Monoculture Coffee Plantation (SJ)
Ensemble Assignment Plant-visiting (P) Insectivorous (I), classified further to reflect their
dependence on forests for foraging and roosting: Forest-foraging and foliage-roosting (FF) Forest-foraging and cave-roosting (FC) Open space/edge-foraging (OE)
Diversity SurveyHarp Trap: forest and plantationsMist Net: plantation only
Data AnalysisAbundance: capture rate at each habitat.Species Richness: sample-based rarefaction curve for each habitat (Colwell 2009).
Cynopterus brachyotis (P)
Macroglossus sobrinus (P)
Hipposideros larvatus (FC)
Rhinolophus boreenesis (FC) Kerivoula sp. 2 (FF)
Murina rozendaali (FF) Vespertilioninae sp.1 (OE)
Myotis muricola (OE)
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