Impact of Spread Spectrum Rules on the Wireless IEEE 802 ...

Tuesday, March 16, 2004 1

Impact of Spread Spectrum Rules on the Wireless IEEE 802

standards

Vic HayesFormer IEEE 802.11 Chair


Nearly, ……..

• Vic was not here • Ticket for March 11• In hospital on March 4• Released on a crash program on

March 10 …….


Nearly, ……..

• None of us were here


Illuminate ceiling “Look” at ceiling to receive

The third part of our standard:“Diffuse Infrared” transmission

Or, may be we would work like this …….


But thanks to Mike Marcus:

• We got meat to chew on in the late eighties• Could have wonderful debates in the

nineties• And resolve on practical solutions:


Direct Sequence transmitter

+1-1

+1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1+1 +1 +1 +1 +1

Power

Frequency

Power

Frequency

Data

X11 chip code

Direct SequenceSpread Spectrum

Signal


Frequency Hopping principle

1 23 45 6 78 910 11 Frequency

EnergyOperate in one “channel”at a time for maximum300 ms.Pick channel accordingto pseudo-random code.

use all channels before re-using one


Why were the rules successful?

• The fact that no end-user license was required• The rules provided a whole playfield of

inventiveness– High data rates were possible and satisfied the data

requirement

• Generous amount of spectrum • Frequencies were exactly right for the technology


Needed a little time to mature

• Industry response was not immediately visible as seen from the chart with equipment authorizations


Equipment Authorizations

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Year

No

of E

quip

men

t Aut

horiz

atio

ns

915 MHz

5850 MHz

U-NII

2450 MHz

September 1996.IEEE ratifies 802.11

September 1999.IEEE ratifies 802.11a and 802.11b

June 2003.IEEE ratifies 802.11g

Most of the 915 MHz authorizations were for flied disturbance sensors and wireless telephone systems

1985.FCC allowing Spread spectrum and low power in bands designated for ISM

1990.FCC modifies Pt 15 rules to allow 0.5 and 1 MHz hop channels

2000.FCC modifies rules to allow 5 MHz hop channels1997.

FCC allows U-NII devices

2002.FCC modifies rules to allow adaptive hopping and Digital Transmission systems


A lot of homework was required

• Research on the technology• Understanding the new rules• Understanding indoor channel response• Selection of the best technology• Making a good business plan• Implementation• Making a standard• Internationalization for spectrum• Equipment authorization


802.11 Project Authorization

• “The initial effort will be for the ISM bands and to consider the use of additional bands beyond ISM. However, these ISM bands are already heavily used, and it is felt that service degradation from other users will happen, increasing with time.”


Quote from the minutes

• Fort Lauderdale, FANovember 11-15, 1991

• “The presentation by Dr. M. Marcus from the FCC at Worcester

Polytechnic on Friday does invite further comment. The FCC remains

interested in the voice of the people.”


Motion to confirm use of Spread Spectrum

• Minneapolis, MinnesotaJuly 6-9, 1992

• Motion #9: IEEE 802.11 shall supportwill pursue at least the two PHYs allowed by FCC in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. It is the intent of the committee to monitor international regulations and accommodate those regulations where possible.

• Approved: 22 Opposed: 2 Abstain: 2Motion #9 passes


Number of Members

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

90se

p91

mar91s

ep92m

ar92

sep

93mar

93sep

94mar

94se

p95

mar95s

ep96

mar96

nov

97may

97nov

98may

98se

p99ja

n99ju

l00

jan00J

uly01J

an01

July

02mar

02sep

03mar

03se

p04m

ar

Meeting date

Num

ber o

f mem

bers

September 1996.IEEE ratifies 802.11

September 1999.IEEE ratifies 802.11a and 802.11b

June 2003.IEEE ratifies 802.11g


Additional Working Groups

• IEEE 802.15 and IEEE 802.16 were born

Tuesday, March 16, 2004 17Source: Synergy Research Group, 3/01/04

World Wide Wi-Fi® Sales and Forecast

02,000,0004,000,0006,000,0008,000,000

10,000,00012,000,00014,000,00016,000,00018,000,000

1Q012Q013Q014Q011Q022Q023Q024Q021Q032Q033Q034Q03

PROJ 1Q04

PROJ 2Q04

PROJ 3Q04

PROJ 4Q04

Units

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

Sale

s (0

00's

)

Units:

Sales


Spread Spectrum is everywhere

• Just a few examples


Airports

Courtesy of Wi-Fi®

Wi-Fi is a Registered Trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance


Airplanes


Coffee shops

Courtesy of Wi-Fi®



Schools

Courtesy of Wi-Fi®



Restaurants

Courtesy of Wi-Fi®



Home

Courtesy of Wi-Fi®


Korea has 80 % penetration of ADSL/Wi-Fi Combo


Office/Conference

Courtesy of Wi-Fi®


–Paperless–Turn-around time from 5 hours to 5 minutes


Hotel

Think about the additional 27(30 Euro per day in a German hotel)

Courtesy of Wi-Fi®



Kofi Annan Expresses a Bold Wi-Fi Vision

"We need to think of ways to bring wireless-fidelity applications to the developing world so as to make use of unlicensed radio spectrum to deliver cheap and fast Internet access."—Kofi Annan, November 5th, 2002


United Nations

• Conference “The Wireless Opportunity for Developing Nations”, June 2003– http://www.w2i.org/pages/wificonf0603/index.html

• ITU buildings• WRC 03

– World Radio Conference 2003, 2500 + delegates– Paperless, except for Chairs and editors


In conclusion

• Mike, I have shown the dramatic impact your actions at the FCC made to:– The public– The workforce– The economy– The world

• We would like to thank you for your effort

Impact of Spread Spectrum Rules on the Wireless IEEE 802 ...

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