Impact of Industrialization on the Environment

8/20/2019 Impact of Industrialization on the Environment

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Impact of Industrialization on the Environment

Since the ages of industrial and technological revolutions, economic growth

has been regarded as the major fundamental of the world’s growth.

Industrial growth has started to affect the entire environment with its severe

downside problems. The formation of massive pollution making industries

are the result of the constant need and greed of the human being. These

industries include, transportation and manufacturing, which are exhausting

the earth’s resources, but also causing tremendous stress on theenvironment and the ecological system. The productiveness of industries

generally depends on the natural resources available. The impact of

industrialization on the environment has led the way with certain

positive and large negative outcomes, with progressive rates and

inventions. There are uite a number of resourceful natural elements like,

water, air, soil and fisheries, which are considered to be positive and fertile

assets. The pollution of water, soil and air, are defined as the by!product of

economical development in industry and city life. "lobal warming and

greenhouse effects are the result, which is a massive impact of

industrialization on the environment . The degradation of the entire

environment and ecological system, is inclined to become permanent and

tends to cause several negative effects on the economy, by causing human

losses, ill health of the employees at large costs to governments,

manufacturing and society.

#onstant air and water pollution are affecting the uality of human lives

with its harmful pollutants. The rapid growth of industries are leaving

harmful effects on the human life, by polluting water and air. The air and


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water pollution are, thus, the main problems in the environment. The

establishment of more industries increase the major difficulties of degrading

the water and soil.

The impact of industriali$ation on the environment needs to be emphasi$ed

with more intensity and feeling as the world is uietly but surely facing

destruction from man!made follies. %or example, did you know that in three

&ennsylvania river basins, there is a growing population of mutated fish'

(ale fish have female parts and vice versa, open sores, and unusual

blotches on their bodies and it doesn’t make national news. This is because

extreme animal mutations, tons of dead birds, farm animals, and fishes

have become a common occurrence around the world in the past ) years.

It’s no longer headlines news because it’s become *commonplace.+

efore you assume that these events are caused by prophetic stories from

way back in history, there is a more logical reason- unhampered or

merciless industriali$ation.

Some of the major effects of industries on environment are as

follows:

Industriali$ation contributes major part for the economic development and

prosperity of a country. n one hand it provides employment opportunities

and wealth generation while on other hand it leads to following

environmental deterioration-

/. It leads to the depletion of natural resources.

0. It leads to air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution.


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1. "lobal warming, climatic changes are the major conseuences of

industriali$ation.

2. It causes acid rain.

). It leads to the degradation of land uality.

3. It leads to the generation of ha$ardous waste whose safe disposal

become a big problem.

4. These industries are responsible for the following adverse diseases and

ill effect like silicosis and pneumoconiosis, tuberculosis, skin diseases and

deafness.

ILL Effects of Industries-

/. (etallic contaminant like #d, 5n, 6g etc., destroy bacteria and beneficial

microorganisms in the soil.

0. Industrial wastes including toxins enter in the food chain causes number

of undesirable effects to living beings and animals.

1. Industrial effluent damages the natural biological purification mechanism

of sewage treatment causing several soil and water borne diseases.

2. 7adioactive industrial pollutant cause undesirable disease when food

containing radio!nuclides is taken by man.

Effects of Industrial Pollution


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1. Water Pollution: The effects of industrial pollution are far reaching and

liable to affect the eco!system for many years to come. (ost industries

reuire large amounts of water for their work. 8hen involved in a series of

processes, the water comes into contact with heavy metals, harmful

chemicals, radioactive waste and even organic sludge.

These are either dumped into open oceans or rivers. 9s a result, many of

our water sources have high amount of industrial waste in them which

seriously impacts the health of our eco!system. The same water is then

used by farmers for irrigation purpose which affects the uality of food that

is produced.

8ater pollution has already rendered many ground water resources

useless for humans and wildlife. It can at best be recycled for further usage

in industries.

2. Soil Pollution: Soil pollution is creating problems in agriculture and

destroying local vegetation. It also causes chronic health issues to the

people that come in contact with such soil on a daily basis.

. !ir Pollution: 9ir pollution has led to a steep increase in various

illnesses and it continues to affect us on a daily basis. 8ith so many small,

mid and large scale industries coming up, air pollution has taken toll on the

health of the people and the environment.

". Wildlife E#tinction: y and large, the issue of industrial pollution shows

us that it causes natural rhythms and patterns to fail, meaning that the

wildlife is getting affected in a severe manner. 6abitats are being lost,

species are becoming extinct and it is harder for the environment to recover

from each natural disaster. (ajor industrial accidents like oil spills, fires,

leak of radioactive material and damage to property are harder to clean!up

as they have a higher impact in a shorter span of time.

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$. %lo&al Warmin': 8ith the rise in industrial pollution, global warminghas

been increasing at a steady pace. Smoke and greenhouse gases are being

released by industries into the air which causes increase in global warming.

(elting of glaciers, extinction of polar beers, floods, tsunamis, hurricanes

are few of the effects of global warming.

The issue of industrial pollution concerns every nation on the planet. 9s

a result, many steps have been taken to seek permanent solutions to the

problem. etter technology is being developed for disposal of waste and

recycling as much polluted water in the industries as possible. rganic

methods are being used to clean the water and soil, such as using

microbes that naturally uses heavy metals and waste as feed. &olicies are

being pushed into place to prevent further misuse of land. 6owever,

industrial pollution is still rampant and will take many years to be brought

under control.

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(lassification ) *+pes of Industries ,

There are various types of industries. These are mentioned as follows -!

/. &rimary Industry

&rimary industry is concerned with production of goods with the help of

nature. It is a nature!oriented industry, which reuires very little human

effort. :.g. 9griculture, farming, forestry, fishing, horticulture, etc.

0. "enetic Industry

"enetic industries are engaged in re!production and multiplication of

certain spices of plants and animals with the object of sale. The main aim is

to earn profit from such sale. :.g. plant nurseries, cattle rearing, poultry,

cattle breeding, etc.

1. :xtractive Industry

:xtractive industry is concerned with extraction or drawing out goods from

the soil, air or water. "enerally products of extractive industries come in

raw form and they are used by manufacturing and construction industries

for producing finished products. :.g. mining industry, coal mineral, oil

industry, iron ore, extraction of timber and rubber from forests, etc.

2. (anufacturing Industry

(anufacturing industries are engaged in transforming raw material into

finished product with the help of machines and manpower. The finished

goods can be either consumer goods or producer goods. :.g. textiles,

chemicals, sugar industry, paper industry, etc.


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). #onstruction Industry

#onstruction industries take up the work of construction of buildings,

bridges, roads, dams, canals, etc. This industry is different from all other

types of industry because in case of other industries goods can be

produced at one place and sold at another place. ut goods produced and

sold by constructive industry are erected at one place.

3. Service Industry

In modern times service sector plays an important role in the development

of the nation and therefore it is named as service industry. The main

industries, which fall under this category, include hotel industry, tourism

industry, entertainment industry, etc.

Industries- #lassification of Industries in India;

Industries can be classified into several groups. The following table gives

an understanding about them.

I. n the asis of Strength of


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Industries which employ a large number of labourers in each unit are called

large!scale industries. #otton or jute textile industries are large scale

industries.

0. (edium Scale Industries-

The industries which employ neither very large nor very small number of

labourers are put in the category of medium scale industries. #ycle

industry, radio and television industries are some examples of medium

scale industries.

1. Small Scale Industries-

Industries which are owned and run by individuals and which employ a

small number of labourers are called small scale industries.

II. n the asis of 7aw!(aterial and %inished "oods-

Industries classified on the basis of raw materials and finished goods are-

/. 6eavy Industries-

Industries which use heavy and bulky raw!materials and produce products

of the same category are called heavy industries. Iron and steel industry

presents a good example of heavy industries.

0.


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/. &rivate Sector Industries-

Industries owned by individuals or firms such as ajaj 9uto or TIS#

situated at >amshedpur are called private sector industries.

0. &ublic Sector Industries-

Industries owned by the state and its agencies like harat 6eavy

:lectricals oint Sector Industries-

Industries owned jointly by the private firms and the state or its agencies

such as "ujarat 9lkalies


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The industries that receive raw materials primarily from minerals such as

iron and steel, aluminium and cement industries fall in this category.

1. &astoral!ased Industries-

These industries depend upon animals for their raw material. 6ides, skins,

bones, horns, shoes, dairy, etc. are some of the pastoral!based industries.

2. %orest ased Industries-

&aper card!board, lac, rayon, resin, tanning of leather, leave! utensils,

basket industries are included in this type of industries.

@. (iscellaneous Industries-

Industries are also classified into the following miscellaneous categories.

/. @illage Industries-

@illage industries are located in villages and primarily cater to the needs of

the rural people. They usually employ local machinery such as oil

extraction, grain grinding and agricultural implements.

0. #ottage Industries-

Industries which artisans set up in their own houses, work with wood, cane,

brass, stone, etc. are called cottage industries. 6andloom, khadi and

leather work at the artisans house fall in this category.

1. #onsumer "oods Industries-


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#onsumer industries convert raw materials or primary products into

commodities directly used by the people. Textiles, bakeries, sugar, etc. are

some of the consumer goods industries.

2. 9ncillary Industries-

The industries which manufacture parts and components to be used by big

industries for manufacturing heavy articles like trucks, buses, railway

engines, tractors, etc. are called ancillary industries.

). asic Industries-

Industries on which depend many other industries for their manufacturing

processes are called basic industries. Iron and steel industry and power

generating industry are included in this category.

3. #apital!Intensive Industries-

Industries reuiring huge investments are called capital!intensive

industries. Iron and steel, cement and aluminium are outstanding examples

of capital!intensive industries.

4.


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Indian Industries- 6istorical &erspective of Indian

Industries;

Early Times:

6istory of Industry in India dates back to the history of mankind. India’s

handicrafts manufactured in village huts and houses all over the country

were pri$ed in foreign countries.

8orking on the locally available raw materials and with the skills and tools

handed over to them by their forefathers, the village artisans produced

products of high aesthetic uality with ease and efficiency.

"enerations of such workers provided India with a long and glorious

tradition of artistic handicrafts of a varied nature. 9mong all the industries of

early times, the textiles, especially the cotton textile industry, had the place

of pride both in India and in the outside world.

There is enough evidence to show that the Indians knew weaving some

/,)AA years before #hrist, when the :uropeans were still covering

themselves with animal skins. &yrard, the /4th century &ortuguese writer

has recorded that everyone from the #ape of "ood 6ope to #hina was

clothed from head to foot in Indian made garments.

The fine ?haka muslin was the envy of the world for centuries together.

Iron and Steel industry was also in advanced stage at that time. The iron

column near Butab (inar in ?elhi is standing in the open and is exposed to

sun, rain and weathering over /,)AA years old and it still looks fresh. It

seems that this column will continue to stand there till eternity.

This rare monument is a testimony to the forging and fabricating ingenuity

of ancient India. It is believed that the famous ?amascus swords were

made from steel imported from India. In addition to cotton textiles and steel

industriesC wood, stone and ivory carvings, silk textiles, pottery, bron$e,


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brass, silver and copper works, dyeing and calico printing were also

famous throughout the world.

Industrial 7evolution in :urope resulted in modem factories. 8ith this the

scale of manufacturing goods increased tremendously leading tomechanisation. 9s a result migration of workers occurred from villages to

cities. The barter system of goods with goods came to an end, exchange of

goods with money started.

It is correct that a revolution occurred in the manufacturing sphere but the

traditional village handicrafts and cottage industries witnessed their death

toll. Thousands of artisans were rendered jobless as their manufacturers

could not compete with the fine and low cost goods manufactured in

modem industries. 9 near chaos prevailed in villages. "oldsmiths,

blacksmiths and weavers began to starve. Thus, modem industry eroded

the strong traditional industrial base.

The Rise of Modern Industry:

The decline of the traditional industry and the rise of the modem industry in

India were neither simultaneous nor casually connected. The beginning of

modem large scale industry in India dates back to /D1A when the first

charcoal fired iron making was attempted in Tamil Eadu.

6owever, this venture collapsed in /D33. Therefore, the real beginning of

the modem industry in India is recognised with the establishment of cotton

textile industry at (umbai in /D)2. This industry grew tremendously in

/D4As due to a spurt in demand in the wake of the 9merican #ivil 8ar. y

/D4)!43, the number of cotton textile mills rose to 24.

The first jute mill was set up at 7ishra near Folkata in /D)). Since thegeographical conditions were very much favourable for jute industry in the

6ugli basin, this industry flourished well and there were 32 mills in /=/1!/2,

providing employment to over two lakh persons.

9mong the other industries which appeared on the industrial scene of India

before the outbreak of 8orld 8ar I in /=/2 were woollen textiles, paper and


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breweries. The main industrial centres were port cities of (umbai, Folkata

and #hennai. This pattern of industrial location was conceived by the

ritish rulers to facilitate imports and exports. The sole inland industrial

centre of any conseuence was Fanpur, the base of military euipment

production.

Inter War Period:

Indian industries made rapid strides during the %irst 8orld 8ar G/=/2!/DH

due to rise in demand for industrial goods by the 9rmed %orces. 6owever,

the real spurt was provided by the Indian %iscal #ommission set up in

/=0/!00. This gave the much needed protection to industries like iron and

steel, textiles, cement, sugar, paper and metals.

ne of the most prominent features of Indian industrial scene during this

period was the dispersal of cotton textile industry away from (umbai. In

/D4)!43, 3/.4 per cent of cotton textile mills were located in (umbai and

by /=1D!1= only /4.) per cent of the mills remained in (umbai.

In fact this industry gained a lot as a result of war. n the eve of the war,

India had emerged as the fourth largest cotton manufacturing country next

to the JS9, the J.F. and >apan in that order. >ute industry on the other

hand, continued to concentrate in the 6ugli basin only. 6owever, the

number of jute mills rose from 32 in /=/1!/2 to /A4 in /=1D!1=.

World War II:

8hile Indian industry prospered during 8orld 8ar I, the Second 8orld 8ar

created problems for Indian industry. India became an active participant in

war and the entry of >apan in the hostilities brought war to India’s doorstep.

6owever, the impact of war was short!lived and the industry was uick to

recover from the initial shock and exploited the opportunities offered by the

war.

9 programme costing 7s. 2 crore for the manufacture of armaments and

explosives was launched in /=2/ to meet the immediate reuirements of


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war. The ordinance factories started producing 4AA varieties of ammunition.

There were pressing demands to meet the civilian reuirements too.

8ith this object in view, heavy chemical industry was started in /=2/ and

the production of sulphuric acid, synthetic ammonia, caustic soda, chlorineand bleaching powder commenced. The 6industan 9ircraft #ompany also

assembled its first aircraft in /=2/.

(etal fabricating industries such as copper were also initiated. 9 wide

variety of engineering industries like machine tools, machinery manufacture

in respect of cotton, tea, and oil processing industries, electrical euipment,

vanaspati manufacturing, power, alcohol, synthetic resin and plastic

industries also flourished.

6owever, some other industries including diesel engines, pumps, sewing

machines and electric fans suffered a setback. y and large, the

performance of individual industries varied considerably as is indicated in

the Table 04./.

*a&le 2-.1 Industrial %rowth in India 1/- 0 1:

3ear

%eneral

(otton*e#tile

4ute*e#tile

Steel

(hemicals

Su'ar

(ement

Paper

/=1= /A).2

/A2.1 =A.1

/AD.A D2.2 DD.4/02.D

/0/.A

/=2) /0A.A

/0A.A D2.2

/20.= /12./ D).) /=3.3

/=3.)

It is clear from the table that the overall performance of industry was

satisfactory. Steel, chemicals, cement and paper industries recorded

impressive gains. #otton textile industry also showed considerable

improvement. 6owever, jute and sugar industries suffered decline.


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Industry and Maths

Industrial mathematics is a well-established field within the mathematical sciences

community. Every four years there is an International Congress on Industrial and

Applied Mathematics. In 200 it was held in !ydney Australia" in 200# it was held

in $urich !wit%erland" and in 20&& in will be held in Vancouver.

'ere Industryrefers to all sectors of manufacturing and service" including business

and engineering.

Industrial mathematics is a branch of applied mathematics" but where the latter can

include theoretical topics from physics" biology" economics and computer science

for e(ample" industrial mathematics focusses on problems which come from

industry and aims for solutions which are relevant to industry" including finding the

most efficient )i.e." cost-effective* way to solve the problem. +ith the increasing

comple(ity and sophistication of modern industry" personnel who are able to

understand technical issues" who are able to formulate precise and accurate

mathematical models" who can implement solutions using the latest computer

techni,ues" and who can convey these ideas to their co-worers who may be

managers" engineers" etc" are becoming a necessary part of many organi%ations and

companies. E(amples of areas in industry that industrial mathematicians can find

http://www.iciam.org/http://www.iciam.org/http://www.iciam.org/http://www.iciam.org/


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employment are signal processing" computer graphics" ris management" system

reliability" software testing and verification" database systems" production line

optimi%ation" and mareting research )see the Applied Mathematics esources web

page for career information*.

Modern manufacturing and service industries have changed drastically in modern

times due to the e(plosion in the nowledge economy. /ast and ine(pensive

computing" office products" the development and utili%ation of large databases"

have necessitated sophisticated methods to meet new demands. Industrial

mathematics is the enabling factor in reali%ing and implementing these methods. In

recent years the mathematical community has responded to this growing need for

mathematically trained personnel in industry. rgani%ations such as the /ields

Institute" MI1AC!" and IM! in Canada" and !IAM and the 3!/ in the 4nited

!tates )these organi%ations are found in the references at the bottom* have been

promoting the interaction of mathematics with industry and continue to develop

ways to meet industry5s demand for mathematically trained personnel. 1he creation

of mathematical and statistical modelling and the development of numerical

methods and6or algorithms for computers to obtain solutions for problems in

industry has come to be called industrial mathematical sciences or"

simply" industrial mathematics.1here is a current and growing demand for

mathematically trained individuals who are able to move into business and

industry. 3umerous reports and studies carried out by professional organi%ations

show that there is an increasing need in the wor force for mathematics graduates

with the practical sills to wor with managers" engineers" etc.

Industrial mathematics is an inherently interdisciplinary field. In addition to

mathematics" it includes sub7ects from fields outside mathematics such as business"

http://www.sfu.ca/~rpyke/resources.htmlhttp://www.sfu.ca/~rpyke/resources.html


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computer science and engineering" and trains mathematics students how to apply

mathematical analysis to problems arising in these areas. An industrial

mathematician has strong analytical and problem-solving sills built upon a

bacground of computing" mathematics" statistics" and basic science. In addition"

industrial mathematics emphasi%es written and oral sills along with teamwor"

sills which are valued highly in industry" but are not part of most traditional

mathematics programs. !ince these sills are necessary for graduates to wor

effectively with less mathematically inclined co-worers" they are an essential part

of industrial mathematics.

(athematics and perations 7esearch in Industry

Students majoring in mathematics might wonder whether they will ever use

the mathematics they are learning, once they graduate and get a job. Is

any of the analysis, calculus, algebra, numerical methods, combinatorics,

math programming, etc. really going to be of value in the real world 9n

exciting area of applied mathematics called perations 7esearch combines

mathematics, statistics, computer science, physics, engineering,

economics, and social sciences to solve real!world business problems.

Eumerous companies in industry reuire perations 7esearch

professionals to apply mathematical techniues to a wide range of

challenging uestions, perations 7esearch can be defined as the science

of decision!making. It has been successful in providing a systematic and

scientific approach to all kinds of government, military, manufacturing, andservice operations. perations 7esearch is a splendid area for graduates

of mathematics to use their knowledge and skills in creative ways to solve

complex problems and have an impact on critical decisions.


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The term 'perations 7esearch' is known as 'perational 7esearch' in

ritain and other parts of :urope. ther terms used are '(anagement

Science,' 'Industrial :ngineering,' and '?ecision Sciences.' The

multiplicity of names comes primarily from the different academic

departments that have hosted courses in this field. The subject is freuently

referred to simply as '7', and includes both the application of past

research results and new research to develop improved solution methods.

I567S*83 *E(95L%3

Industrial technolo'+ is the use of engineering and manufacturing

technology to make production faster, simpler and more efficient.The

industrial technology field employs creative and technically proficient

individuals who can help a companyachieve efficient and profita&le

productivit+.K/L

Industrial Technology programs typically include instruction in optimi$ation

theory, human factors, organi$ational behavior, industrial processes,

industrial planning procedures, computer applications, and report and

presentation preparation.K0LK1L

&lanning and designing manufacturing processes and euipment is a main

aspect of being an industrial technologist. 9n Industrial Technologist is

often responsible for implementing certain designs and processes.

Industrial Technology involves the management, operation, and

maintenance of complex operation systems.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-Benefits_of_Industrial_Technology-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-Benefits_of_Industrial_Technology-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-3


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Industrial Technologist

Industrial Technology program graduates obtain a majority of positions

which are applied engineering andMor management oriented. Since

NIndustrial TechnologistN is not a common job title in the Jnited States, the

actual bachelorOs degree or associateOs degree earned by the individual is

obscured by the job title heMshe receives. Typical job titles for industrial

technologists having a &achelor;s de'ree include uality systems

engineer, manufacturing engineer, industrial engineer, plant manager,

production supervisor, etc. K/L K)L Typical job titles for industrial technologists

having a two year associate;s de'ree include project technologist,manufacturing technologist, process technologist, etc. K/L

9 technologist curriculum may focus or speciali$e in a certain technical

area of study. :xamples of this

includes electronics,manufacturing, construction, graphics, automationMrobo

tics, #9??, nanotechnology, aviation, etc.

Technological development in industry KeditL

9 major subject of study is technological development in industry. This has

been defined as-

• the introduction of new tools and techniues for performing given

tasks in production, distribution, data processing Getc.HC

• the mechani$ation of the production process, or the achievement of a

state of greater autonomy of technical production systems from human

control, responsibility, or interventionC

• changes in the nature and level of integration of technical production

systems, or enhanced interdependenceC

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-Benefits_of_Industrial_Technology-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-Common_Industrial_Technology_Jobs-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-Benefits_of_Industrial_Technology-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roboticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roboticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CADDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Industrial_technology&action=edit&section=4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-Benefits_of_Industrial_Technology-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-Common_Industrial_Technology_Jobs-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-Benefits_of_Industrial_Technology-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roboticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roboticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CADDhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Industrial_technology&action=edit&section=4


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• the development, utili$ation, and application of new scientific ideas,

concepts, and information in production and other processesC and

• enhancement of technical performance capabilities, or increase in the

efficiency of tools, euipment, and techniues in performing given tasks.

K3L K/L

Studies in this area often employ a multi!disciplinary research methodology

and shade off into the wider analysis of businessand economic

growth Gdevelopment, performanceH. The studies are often based on a

mixture of industrial field research and desk!based data analysis and aim to

be of interest and use to practitioners in business management andinvestment Getc.H as well as academics.

In engineering, construction, textiles, food and drugs, chemicals and petrol

eum, and other industries, the focus has been on not only the nature and

factors facilitating and hampering the introduction and utili$ation of new

technologies but also the impact of new technologies on the production

organi$ation Getc.H of firms and various social and other wider aspects of

the technological development process.K4L

6ow and 8hen Technological development in industry &erformed -

/. Technological &rocesses based always on G(aterial, :uipment,

6uman skills and operating circumstances.

0. So, If any of these parameters changed, we have to re!calibrate this

technology to match the designed product.

1. This re!calibration canOt be considered as a technology change

because industrial technology is not more than an :ngineering guide

to achieve the reuired specification of the designed product.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-6http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LyeEG619IlUC&dq=isbn:0906321298https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_growthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_growthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textileshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemicalshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-6http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LyeEG619IlUC&dq=isbn:0906321298https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Businesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_growthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_growthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineeringhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textileshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemicalshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_technology#cite_note-7


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2. To calibrate any industrial technology, we should make a documented

copy of manufacturing experiments until matching the final product

specifications based on original technology, new changed

parameters and scientific basics.

). %inally, documentation of the new change should be done to the

original industrial technology for that new case as a new addition.

3. 9ny application of industrial technology for /st time or after a long

time stop,Technology processes should be tested by a primary

samples triers as a 7e!calibration process.

Impact of Industrialization on the Environment

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