Impact of Industrial Revolution on World

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    Impact of Industrial Revolution on World's Economy and History

    The Industrial Revolution marked the beginning of a major shift in economic, military and political power from East to West.

     research letter  written by !ichael "embalest, chairman of market and investment strategy at#$ !organ, and published in the tlantic !aga%ine shows how dramatic this economic powershift has been. The si%e of a nation&s '($ depended on the si%e of its population and labor forcein agrarian economies prior to the Industrial era. With the advent of the Industrial revolution,the use of machines relying on energy from fossil fuels dramatically enhanced labor productivityin the West and shifted the balance of power from sia to merica and Europe.

    http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/06/the-economic-history-of-the-last-2000-years-part-iii/258877/http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/06/the-economic-history-of-the-last-2000-years-part-iii/258877/http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/06/the-economic-history-of-the-world-after-jesus-in-4-slides/258762/http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/06/the-economic-history-of-the-world-after-jesus-in-4-slides/258762/http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/06/the-economic-history-of-the-last-2000-years-part-iii/258877/

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    The shift in power was not just in economic terms. Enabled by machines such as steamboats andweapons like the repeating gun, the West engaged in long distance trade and warfare that led tothe coloni%ation and e)ploitation of sia and frica. The new colonies were used as a source ofcheap raw materials for European factories and the coloni%ed people served as captive customers

    for their manufactured products.

    *istory of $er "apita '($ of +elected "ountries. +ource ngus !addison

    http://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/5973996/Users/Geetika/G-maddison.pdfhttp://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/5973996/Users/Geetika/G-maddison.pdf

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    While development of sian and frican nations stagnated and their share of world '($dropped precipitously, their colonial rulers in the West prospered. +ocial indicators like literacyand life e)pectancy showed little improvement in the colonies, according to data compiled by$rofessor *ans Rosling. -or e)ample, his 'apminder.org animations show that life e)pectancyin India and $akistan was just / years in 0123. In $akistan, it has jumped to 43 years in /500,and per "apita inflation6adjusted $$$ income has risen from 7344 in 0128 to about 7555 in/500. +imilarly, literacy rate in undivided India was just 0/9 in 0123. It has increased to about 

    439 in India and 4/9 in $akistan for people 0: years and above.

    http://www.gapminder.org/worldhttp://www.riazhaq.com/2012/05/educational-attainment-in-india.htmlhttp://www.riazhaq.com/2012/05/educational-attainment-in-india.htmlhttp://www.riazhaq.com/2012/05/educational-attainment-in-india.htmlhttp://www.gapminder.org/worldhttp://www.riazhaq.com/2012/05/educational-attainment-in-india.htmlhttp://www.riazhaq.com/2012/05/educational-attainment-in-india.html

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    Indicators such as per capita energy consumption and Internet usage confirm the rise of sia, particularly sian giant "hina&s. "hina&s per capita energy consumption now stands at 48 million;T

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    While there has been progress on economic and social fronts in +outh sia, the combined '($of +R" nation is still accounts for less than 29 of the world '($. "hina has significantlyincreased its share and now accounts for more than 059 of the world '($ marking the biggesteconomic shift since the Industrial Revolution. "hina&s growing economic clout will ultimatelytranslate into political and military power in the international arena.

    ll indications are that the pendulum of power has just begun its swing eastward in the lastdecade. It could be a century or more before the effects of this swing are truly felt in terms of thee)ercise of economic, military and political power on the world stage. !eanwhile, the /0st

    century is shaping up to be another merican century in which

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    $akistan !ilitary Industrial Revolution

    "hina&s "heckbook (iplomacy

    Education ttainment in +outh sia

    $akistan Aeeds "omprehensive Energy $olicy

    +ocial !edia 'rowth in $akistan

    Is merica Boung and ;arbaricC

    'odfather !etaphor for

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    matter of choice of what policy measures it will take to stimulate the economy ratherthan whether it will be able to.5 -----------5India's hands are tied and because of that it's much more e(posed to the global slowdown5 said 8rederic :eumann co-head of ;sian economic research for article>+;055502/25:/35/525:8252:3321422548:1/:5.html

    #uly 1, /50/ at 05/0 $!

    Ria% *a@ said...

    *ere&s a Wharton +chool piece on India&s low ranking on innovation inde)

     3ust a few weeks ago global credit rating agency th respecti!ely. India stands at the >th position two notchesbelow where the country landed last year.

    http://southasiainvestor.blogspot.com/2012/07/impact-of-industrial-revolution-on.html?showComment=1341897672864#c2643360214443304950https://www.blogger.com/profile/00522781692886598586http://knowledgetoday.wharton.upenn.edu/2012/07/india-ranks-lowest-amongst-brics-in-innovation/http://knowledgetoday.wharton.upenn.edu/2012/07/india-ranks-lowest-amongst-brics-in-innovation/http://southasiainvestor.blogspot.com/2012/07/impact-of-industrial-revolution-on.html?showComment=1341897672864#c2643360214443304950https://www.blogger.com/profile/00522781692886598586http://knowledgetoday.wharton.upenn.edu/2012/07/india-ranks-lowest-amongst-brics-in-innovation/

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     ;ccording to the study D=he inno!ation front in India continues to be penali"ed bydeficits in human capital and research/ infrastructure and business sophistication whereit comes last among +?ICs and in knowledge and technology outputs where it comes inahead of +ra"il only.F =he report also notes that the +?IC countries need to in!est further in their inno!ation capabilities to li!e up to their e(pected potential.

    Ji1ay %o!indara1an a professor of international business at artmouth College and the first professor-in-residence and chief inno!ation consultant at %eneral Glectric pointsout that inno!ation is critical to India@s future. e suggests that the go!ernment must pro!ide seed capital to strengthen applications research and create incenti!es foruni!ersities research labs and industry to collaborate. Duch is at stake if India doesnot mo!e up on the %lobal Inno!ation Inde(F %o!indara1an says. D4ithout businessmodel inno!ations India cannot sol!e the problems for 90$ of Indians. >knowledgetoday.wharton.upenn.edu>/50/>53>india6ranks6lowest6amongst6brics6in6innovation>

    #uly 00, /50/ at 225 $!

    Ria% *a@ said...

    *ere&s a Wall +treet #ournal p Ed by $rof Walter Russell !eade on the impact ofEuropean economic crisis on geopolitics

    =he crisis of the euro "one is a geopolitical as well as an economic e!ent. 4hile Gurope

    http://southasiainvestor.blogspot.com/2012/07/impact-of-industrial-revolution-on.html?showComment=1342050015888#c6218248021143885192https://www.blogger.com/profile/00522781692886598586http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303640104577440362953611968.htmlhttp://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303640104577440362953611968.htmlhttp://southasiainvestor.blogspot.com/2012/07/impact-of-industrial-revolution-on.html?showComment=1342050015888#c6218248021143885192https://www.blogger.com/profile/00522781692886598586http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303640104577440362953611968.html

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    may yet find a path out of its economic uagmire it will turn inward for some time as itreorgani"es some of its core institutions. =he world will not stand still while this happens.

    =o begin with Gurope's disorder is a grand opportunity for ?ussia. It is not all goodnews in the 7remlin—?ussia will hurt economically as the Guropean Onion is its most

    important trading partner and customer for oil and gas. +ut geopolitically ?ussia willha!e a lot of new opportunities. Okraine oldo!a and +elarus will feel less pull fromthe 4est and more from the Gast.----------- Glsewhere the euro crisis has reinforced =urkey's decision to drop its long courtship of Gurope and become an independent actor. Gurope looks less and less to the =urks like amodel to imitate and more and more like a fate to a!oid. =urkey in any case would like toreplace the GO as a ma1or political and economic force in the ;rab world and it is likelyto use this period of Guropean introspection and preoccupation to ad!ance its agenda.

     +etween ?ussia's new geopolitical opportunities and =urkey's detachment from Gurope

    the situation in the +alkans is going to become much more confused and perhaps e!endangerous. If %reece ends up lea!ing the euro or is deeply embittered with +russels andthe GO o!er the long term and if Cyprus is similarly affected Alikely gi!en its closeeconomic ties to %reece we could see %reece and Cyprus tilt toward ?ussia.------------=his is bad news for ;mericans. ;n assumption that Gurope is in a period of continuingdecline is to some degree baked into the cake of ;merican foreign policy. =he perceptionthat Gurope Aand 3apan are no longer the powers they once were has dri!en the O.

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    capital elhi.

     It hit a swathe of the country affecting more than 00 million people in un1ab aryanaOttar radesh imachal radesh and ?a1asthan states.

     ower inister

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    Correspondents say that India urgently needs a huge increase in power production ashundreds of millions of its people are not e!en connected to the national grid.

     rime inister anmohan ) 

    =he ma1ority Aaround 0$ is generated from coal and lignite while 1ust under a uarter Aabout 22$ is hydro-electric

     espite its soaring energy needs India has one of the lowest per capita rates ofconsumption of power in the world - )> units as compared to a world a!erage of 2>29units. =his is nothing compared with say Canada A#&>) units and the O< A#>)units. China's per capita consumption A2>* units is more than three times that of India.

    =he low per capita consumption is despite the fact that the power sector has been growing at more than )$ e!ery year. omes and farms are consuming more power today than industries and businesses. Industrial consumption has actually dropped from #.$ in #9)0-)# to &$ in 200&-2009.

     India has suffered consistent power shortages since Independence in #9>). eak demand shortage is more than #0$ whereas the o!erall energy shortage is more than )$.

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     India remains perennially energy star!ed despite #*$ or more of federal funds beingallocated to the power sector. +ankrupt state-run electricity boards an acute shortage ofcoal skewed subsidises which end up benefiting rich farmers power theft and under- performing pri!ate distribution agencies are to blame say e(perts. =here is no shortageof money and the problem as the lanning Commission admits is more 5in the deli!ery

     process KthanL in the system5.

    =ransmission and distribution losses ha!e leapt from 22$ in #99*-9 to about 2*.$ in2009-20#0. =he states with the worst losses are Indian-administered 7ashmir +iharChhattisgarh 3harkhand and adhya radesh. =he best performers, un1ab imachal radesh ;ndhra radesh and =amil :adu.

     India's first power generation company was the pri!ate Calcutta Glectric

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    ----------- +ut e!en if India finds the fuel it needs to power its generators it is not clear how it will pay for the electricity they produce.

    www.washingtonpost.com>world>asiaFpacific>satisfying6indias6thirst6for6power6could6be6nations6biggest6challenge>/50/>58>//>4:f4c4d/6e/0c600e0618e3681d4:1f1c054FstoryF0.html

    ugust //, /50/ at 0502 $!

    Ria% *a@ said...

    http://southasiainvestor.blogspot.com/2012/07/impact-of-industrial-revolution-on.html?showComment=1345698898000#c2333408477403357270https://www.blogger.com/profile/00522781692886598586http://southasiainvestor.blogspot.com/2012/07/impact-of-industrial-revolution-on.html?showComment=1345698898000#c2333408477403357270https://www.blogger.com/profile/00522781692886598586

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    *ere&s an ET story on

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    .2$ microbiology AR.2$ andmaterials sciences AR.#$.

    =hese are the findings of the study on India's research output and collaborationconducted by =homson ?euters and recently submitted to the department of science andtechnology.

    5India has been the sleeping giant of ;sia. ?esearch in the uni!ersity sector stagnant forat least two decades is now accelerating but it will be a long haul to restore India as an ;sian knowledge hub. Indian higher education is faced with powerful dilemmas anddifficult choices - publicNpri!ate accessNeuity uncertain regulation different teaching standards and contested research uality5 the report said.

     ;ccording to it India's share of world output in engineering fell from >.$ in #9 to2.2$ by #99*. India later regained its lost share increasing to >.2* by 20#0. owe!ere!en then India was o!ertaken by China A#.>$ 7orea A*.>$ and =aiwan A>.>$.

     India where agriculture dominates economic standards had uite a large share inagricultural sciences which a!eraged ).>*$ o!er the #9 to #99* period well ahead ofother emerging research economies. Its share howe!er fell to .2$ in 20#0. G!en in the field of plant and animal sciences the global research output fell from .#$ in #9 to.9$ in 20#0.

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    =he report said 5India has a long and distinguished history as a country of knowledgelearning and inno!ation. In the recent past howe!er it has failed to reali"e its undoubted  potential as a home for world class research.5 

     It added 5uring the #9&0s and 90s the output of India's research was almost staticwhile other countries grew rapidly particularly in ;sia. China e(panded with anintensity and dri!e that led it rapidly to o!ertake leading Guropean countries in the!olume of its research publications. India is 1ust beginning on this gradient.5 

    http>>timesofindia.indiatimes.com>india>India6accounts6for6just66:6of6global6research6output6+tudy>articleshow>04::052:.cms

    +eptember /4, /50/ at 104 !

    Ria% *a@ said...

    *ere&s $akistanToday on primary energy consumption in $akistan

     7;?;CI - akistan@s gas reuirements are growing hastily while the domestic gas production is not growing at the same pace. rimary energy consumption in akistan has grown by almost &0pc o!er the past #* years from > million tons oil eui!alent A=HGsin #99>N9* to 0 million =HGs in 20#0N## and has supported an a!erage % growthrate in the country of about >.*pc per annum.

    Consumer ?ights Commission of akistan AC?C in collaboration with Citi"ens@ Joice ro1ect hold policy dialogues on D?ole of %o!ernment and ?egulators in the %as

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    the stakeholders.

     ost important of all it is e(pected to inform the policy makers and especially the publicrepresentati!es about the go!ernance situation of the sector and shall persuade them totake positi!e actions for sectoral impro!ement. In akistan industrial and fertili"er

     sectors are getting gas on subsidised rates while the C:% stations were being sub1ectedto an e(orbitantly high tariff regime neglecting the general public@s interest. =he gasconsumers@ woes could not be resol!ed unless akistan had an autonomous regulator free of political interference. +esides the problems could not be resol!ed withoutimpro!ing people@s access to information putting in place a system of strict penalties onconsumers in!ol!ed in gas pilferage and non-payment of gas bills

    http>>www.nation.com.pk>pakistan6news6newspaper6daily6english6online>business>06#an6/50>primary6energy6consumption6grows6by6almost685pc6in60:6years

    #anuary 0, /50 at 1/ $!

    Ria% *a@ said...

    "ombined $$$ '($ of poor developing countries e)ceeds combined '($ of richindustriali%ed countries, according to a report in *uffington $ost

     8or the first time e!er the combined gross domestic product of emerging and de!elopingmarkets ad1usted for purchasing price parity has eclipsed the combined measure ofad!anced economies. urchasing price parity—or for short—ad1usts for the relati!ecost of comparable goods in different economic markets.

     ;ccording to the International onetary 8und—the supplier of this data—emerging andde!eloping economies will ha!e a purchasing price parity-ad1usted % of Q>2.& trillionin 20# while that of emerging economies will be Q>>.> trillion. In other wordsemerging markets will create Q#. trillion more !alue in goods and ser!ices thanad!anced markets this year.

     ;d!anced economies are according to the I8 the > nations that result fromcombining the members of the %) euro area countries and the > Dnewly industriali"ed ;sian economiesF—=aiwan ong 7ong

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     ;s such emerging and de!eloping economies trail far behind ad!anced economies in per-capita terms. =heir aggregate per-capita -ad1usted % is Q)>#* while the same measure for ad!anced nations totals Q>#9.

    http>>www.huffingtonpost.com>/50>58>/8>gdp6poor6countriesFnF8514.html

    ugust /8, /50 at 05:2 $!

    Ria% *a@ said...

    *ere&s AB Times Aobel =aureate economist6columnist on Ibn Ghaldun&s lessons for!icrosoft and other established powers

    =he trouble for icrosoft came with the rise of new de!ices whose importance it

     famously failed to grasp. D=here@s no chanceF declared r. +allmer in 200) Dthat theihone is going to get any significant market share.F

     ow could icrosoft ha!e been so blindE ere@s where Ibn 7haldun comes in. e was a#>th-century Islamic philosopher who basically in!ented what we would now call the social sciences. ;nd one insight he had based on the history of his nati!e :orth ;fricawas that there was a rhythm to the rise and fall of dynasties.

     esert tribesmen he argued always ha!e more courage and social cohesion than settledci!ili"ed folk so e!ery once in a while they will sweep in and conuer lands whose rulersha!e become corrupt and complacent. =hey create a new dynasty — and o!er timebecome corrupt and complacent themsel!es ready to be o!errun by a new set ofbarbarians.

     I don@t think it@s much of a stretch to apply this story to icrosoft a company that did sowell with its operating-system monopoly that it lost focus while ;pple — still wanderingin the wilderness after all those years — was alert to new opportunities. ;nd so thebarbarians swept in from the desert.

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     Is there a policy moral hereE 6et me make at least a negati!e case, G!en though icrosoft did not in fact end up taking o!er the world those antitrust concerns weren@tmisplaced. icrosoft was a monopolist it did e(tract a lot of monopoly rents and it didinhibit inno!ation. Creati!e destruction means that monopolies aren@t fore!er but it

    doesn@t mean that they@re harmless while they last. =his was true for icrosoft yesterday/it may be true for ;pple or %oogle or someone not yet on our radar tomorrow.

    http>>www.nytimes.com>/50>58>/4>opinion>krugman6the6decline6of6e6empires.html

    +eptember 8, /50 at 0555 !

    Ria% *a@ said...

    Why is the English laguage so dominant and widely used todayC It&s because language

    does not e)ist or grow in vacuum. s a means of communication, it reflects the state ofthe people whose language it is. The global ascendance of the English language hascoincided with the rise of the nglo6+a)on people beginning with the IndustrialRevolution in 08th century England. It marked a dramatic shift of global power from Eastto West.

    http>>www.ria%[email protected]>/50/>53>global6power6shift6since6industrial.html

    ctober 01, /50 at :5 $!

    Ria% *a@ said...

    *ere&s an e)cerpt of The Economist maga%ine story on productivity gap between www.economist.com>news>economic6and6financial6indicators>/0:88106 productivity6gapsCfsrcHscn>tw>te>pe>productivitygap

    ctober 5, /50 at 14 $!

    http://southasiainvestor.blogspot.com/2012/07/impact-of-industrial-revolution-on.html?showComment=1378659600605#c1472216388313613172https://www.blogger.com/profile/00522781692886598586http://southasiainvestor.blogspot.com/2012/07/impact-of-industrial-revolution-on.html?showComment=1382227417105#c192884586569540215https://www.blogger.com/profile/00522781692886598586http://www.economist.com/news/economic-and-financial-indicators/21588391-productivity-gaps?fsrc=scn/tw/te/pe/productivitygaphttp://southasiainvestor.blogspot.com/2012/07/impact-of-industrial-revolution-on.html?showComment=1383194165672#c7542205646192331853http://southasiainvestor.blogspot.com/2012/07/impact-of-industrial-revolution-on.html?showComment=1378659600605#c1472216388313613172https://www.blogger.com/profile/00522781692886598586http://southasiainvestor.blogspot.com/2012/07/impact-of-industrial-revolution-on.html?showComment=1382227417105#c192884586569540215https://www.blogger.com/profile/00522781692886598586http://www.economist.com/news/economic-and-financial-indicators/21588391-productivity-gaps?fsrc=scn/tw/te/pe/productivitygaphttp://southasiainvestor.blogspot.com/2012/07/impact-of-industrial-revolution-on.html?showComment=1383194165672#c7542205646192331853

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    Ria% *a@ said...

    *ere&s a *uffington $ost review of a book about second Industrial Revolution

     ;ndrew c;fee and Grik +ryn1olfsson from I='s Center for igital +usiness ha!e anew book out this week called =he

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     ar!ard +usiness

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    higher than India@s and China@s. In short the per capita % numbers mirror thechanges in power prosperity and cultural and scientific achie!ement. It wasn@t till #9 that India had a per capita income of Q9)) beating that of +ritain in#00. ;nd it wasn@t until #99 that India@s per capita income of Q#99 surpassed whatthe utch had achie!ed in #00. addison@s calculations show that in 200& India@s per

    capita % A in #990 dollars terms was Q29)* slightly more than one-third of theworld a!erage of Q)#>. 4e ha!e a long way to go.

    http>>www.livemint.com>pinion>Ab3Gky?+AWv*f1G0o!>World6history6by6 per6capita6'($.html

    -ebruary /:, /502 at 3: $!

    Ria% *a@ said...

    #ournalist Robert (. Gaplan thinks that what is wrong with the !iddle East is a lack ofimperialism, and he urges that it be brought back. It is how, he says, most of the worldhas been ruled by Jdefault.K This argument is so ahistorical and wrong6headed that ittakes the breath away.

    -irst of all, JimperialismK is an imprecise term. Gaplan is trying to sweep up differentkinds of empire under one rubric.

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    on.html

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