Impact of Civil War on Impact of Civil War on TexasTexas

During the Civil War, Texas seceded from the United States.

Political Impact

• A political impact of the Civil War on Texas was that Governor Sam Houston was removed as governor for not supporting the South.

(The rest of Texas supported the South – they no longer wanted him as governor!)

Economic Impact

Women living in Texas during the Civil War had to take on more responsibility for the farming since their husbands had to go to war. They also had trouble getting the clothes and medicine needed for their families because goods were scarce.

End of the Civil War

• The South (Confederacy) surrendered to the North (Union).

• Nearly all the battles were fought in the southern states. This destroyed southern farms, homes and businesses.

• On April 9, 1865, General Lee’s army was trapped by the Union’s army. General Lee surrendered to General Grant in Appomattox, Virginia. The war ended.

General Lee surrenders to General Grant

Juneteenth

• In 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. This document made all slaves free.

• Word about this freedom did not reach Texas until about 2 years later on June 19, 1865.

• We call the celebration of the date when word reached Texas that the slaves were freed Juneteenth.

Freedmen’s Bureau

• Created to help newly freed slaves adjust to freedom.

– Set up schools for African Americans– Helped find food & shelter for freed slaves– Helped find medicines for freed slaves

Reconstruction in TexasReconstruction in Texas

• The years after the Civil War were difficult for Northerners and Southerners alike. The period after the Civil War is called Reconstruction. Southerners had to reconstruct, or rebuild, their state governments in order to rejoin the Union. People living in the South had to find new ways to earn their living.

Impact of Reconstruction on Impact of Reconstruction on TexasTexas

• Rights given to African American males in the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments:

- Freedom

- Citizenship

- Right to Vote

The Cattle Kingdom

• In the years after the Civil War, cattle ranching became the main business and way of life in South and West Texas. These years became known as the time of the Cattle Kingdom.

Cattle Drives ►Barbed Wire Fences ►Railroads

• Cattle drives were when cowhands moved large herds of cattle to market. They “drove” the cattle over large areas of open land to markets.

• When the barbed wire fence was invented, this caused cattle drives to end and cattle was then shipped out by Railroad.

Texas Oil – in 1866 Oil was discovered in East Texas.

Oil became worth so much money it was called “black gold.”

• In 1902 Spindletop began producing more oil than any other well in the country. Spindletop gushed for nine days before workers could put a cap on it!

Spindletop

• Spindletop was located in Beaumont, Texas.

Houston – Oil Capital• Houston was an important city to the oil

industry– Because it is located in the Gulf Coastal

Plane near the Gulf of Mexico.

(Oil can be shipped out to anyplace in the world).

Oil and Railroads

• It was important that areas in Texas where oil was discovered, had ways to transport the oil to Houston so it could be shipped out.

• Many people worked on building railroad lines (tracks) from different areas in Texas to Beaumont and Houston.

Immigrants came to Texas to work in the oil industry.

• Many jobs were available in Texas to help with the oil industry.

• Most of these jobs were located in East Texas.

• Most immigrants who came to work in East Texas were European immigrants.

Great Cities of Texas

• Fort Worth and Dallas are located right next to each other!

Great Cities of Texas

• Dallas became known as a major trading post.

Great Cities of Texas

• Brownsville is located at the most southern tip of Texas. (south of Dallas, Waco, Austin, and San Antonio)

Great Cities of Texas

• San Antonio, Waco and Dallas were important because they were cities located along cattle trails.

Chisholm Trail

The Chisholm Trail was a famous cattle trail in Texas.

The Chisholm Trail

Cattle traveled north in order to get to the railroads and markets in Oklahoma.

Great Cities of Texas

• The city of El Paso is located on the Rio Grande River.

• Location along the Rio Grande was important to the settlement of El Paso.

Great Cities of Texas

• Austin is the capital city of Texas

• Location along the Gulf of Mexico has allowed the cities of Houston, Corpus Christi, and Brownsville to become major centers for shipping goods

Effects of Texas Railroad Expansion

• Increase number of West Texas farms

• Increase size and number of cities

• Increase trade with Mexico

Texas Landforms

• Mountains, hills, and canyons are part of the landforms of Texas.

Lorenzo de Zavala

• Signed the Texas Declaration of Independence and was a leader in Mexico before becoming a representative in Texas.

Sam Houston

Sam Houston

United States Congressman

Governor of Texas

Military Leader

United States Senator

President of Texas