Immunization and the PatientImmunization and the Patient

Low immunization ratesLow immunization rates

Opportunity missedHealth care delivery Inadequate accessLack of public awarenessReligious beliefs

Opportunity missedHealth care delivery Inadequate accessLack of public awarenessReligious beliefs

Athletic Training and Vaccines

Athletic Training and Vaccines

Tetanus status of all patientsHepatitis B status of all patientsMeningococcus InfluenzaTravel vaccines

Tetanus status of all patientsHepatitis B status of all patientsMeningococcus InfluenzaTravel vaccines

Vaccine ScheduleVaccine Schedule

Adult Vaccination Schedule

Adult Vaccination Schedule

TetanusTetanus

Lockjaw is a neurological disease manifested by trismus and severe muscular spasms

Clostridium tetani bacterium that causes nuerotoxin production

Onset is gradual, 1-7 days & progresses to severe generalized muscle spasms

Lockjaw is a neurological disease manifested by trismus and severe muscular spasms

Clostridium tetani bacterium that causes nuerotoxin production

Onset is gradual, 1-7 days & progresses to severe generalized muscle spasms

Clostridium TetaniClostridium Tetani

Wound contaminationBlocks contractile inhibitory pulses

to motor neuronsFound in intestines and serum

Fewer that 60 cases in last 5 yrs

Wound contaminationBlocks contractile inhibitory pulses

to motor neuronsFound in intestines and serum

Fewer that 60 cases in last 5 yrs

Tetanus Treatment/Prevention

Tetanus Treatment/Prevention

Tx: (TIG) – used to treat and prevent Extensive cleaning of wounds Oral antibiotics

Prevention: IM immunization Primary series Booster between 11-16 yrs old Booster every 10 yrs

Tx: (TIG) – used to treat and prevent Extensive cleaning of wounds Oral antibiotics

Prevention: IM immunization Primary series Booster between 11-16 yrs old Booster every 10 yrs

Other Common VaccinesOther Common Vaccines

Hepatitis B – series of 3 shots Booster ~ 10 yrs

Meningitis – fever, chills, malaise, rash

Purpura Common in young children Common in semiclosed communities All college students should get the vaccine All Functional asplenia people Duration is 5-6 yrs 13 different types of disease, vaccine

covers 4

Hepatitis B – series of 3 shots Booster ~ 10 yrs

Meningitis – fever, chills, malaise, rash

Purpura Common in young children Common in semiclosed communities All college students should get the vaccine All Functional asplenia people Duration is 5-6 yrs 13 different types of disease, vaccine

covers 4

Other Common VaccinesOther Common Vaccines

InfluenzaPresents like meningitis, but s rashSpread by large droplets, coughing,

sneezing, sharing glasses, water bottlesYou are most infectious 24 hrs before s/s

and 7 days after they appear3 antigenic types (A, B & C). Strain A has

two antigens; hemagglutinin (H) & neuraminidase (N)

50-85 % effective, CDC “guesses” which strain may be the strain of the year (Bases on past 3 years)

InfluenzaPresents like meningitis, but s rashSpread by large droplets, coughing,

sneezing, sharing glasses, water bottlesYou are most infectious 24 hrs before s/s

and 7 days after they appear3 antigenic types (A, B & C). Strain A has

two antigens; hemagglutinin (H) & neuraminidase (N)

50-85 % effective, CDC “guesses” which strain may be the strain of the year (Bases on past 3 years)

Other Common VaccinesOther Common Vaccines

Influenza Amantadine – Covers type A Ramantidine – Covers type A & B Type C - Weak Meds: Relanza & Tamiflu

Who should get it? – asthma, chronic lung disease, CV disease, immune deficiency, old, young

Patient cannot play/practice if still have fever of 102°+

Influenza Amantadine – Covers type A Ramantidine – Covers type A & B Type C - Weak Meds: Relanza & Tamiflu

Who should get it? – asthma, chronic lung disease, CV disease, immune deficiency, old, young

Patient cannot play/practice if still have fever of 102°+

Traveling??Traveling??

http://www.cdc.gov/travel/Follow info for your destinationBegin process earlyLearn about their food, water, &

insect protectionCommon concerns: Hepatitis A &

B, Japanese Encephalitis, Yellow fever, Malaria, Typhoid, Rabies

http://www.cdc.gov/travel/Follow info for your destinationBegin process earlyLearn about their food, water, &

insect protectionCommon concerns: Hepatitis A &

B, Japanese Encephalitis, Yellow fever, Malaria, Typhoid, Rabies

Traveling???Traveling???

Plan for diarrhea E. Coli – usually form bad water supply

Malaria – transmitted by mosquito High fever, chills, sweats, HA, anemia Vaccine 2-3 days before you go

Tuberucolosis – To and from Asia, Africa Usually asymptomatic – auto-immune reaction Pulmonary, fever chills, wt loss, sweats, cough Have skin tested 1-2 months after returning Mantoux, PPD Test: Incarcerated, contact c confirmed case,

immigrants, CXR or s/s Tx: 9 month course of Isoniazid & Rifampin

Plan for diarrhea E. Coli – usually form bad water supply

Malaria – transmitted by mosquito High fever, chills, sweats, HA, anemia Vaccine 2-3 days before you go

Tuberucolosis – To and from Asia, Africa Usually asymptomatic – auto-immune reaction Pulmonary, fever chills, wt loss, sweats, cough Have skin tested 1-2 months after returning Mantoux, PPD Test: Incarcerated, contact c confirmed case,

immigrants, CXR or s/s Tx: 9 month course of Isoniazid & Rifampin

SummarySummary

Protect yourself, especially when traveling

Keep record of your patients immunization records

Protect yourself, especially when traveling

Keep record of your patients immunization records