Immunity to Infectious Diseases BIOS 486A/586A K.J.Goodrum 2006.
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Transcript of Immunity to Infectious Diseases BIOS 486A/586A K.J.Goodrum 2006.
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Immunity to Infectious Diseases
BIOS 486A/586A
K.J.Goodrum 2006
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Topic Outline
• Routes and sites of infection• Mechanisms of tissue injury in infection• Timing of immune responses to infection
• Regulation of cell-mediated (TH1) vs. humoral immunity (TH2) in infections
• Effector mechanisms for immunity to different pathogens
• Microbial evasion of immune responses• Immunizations/vaccines
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Routes and sites of infection
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Primary Route of Infection: Microbial Adherence and Invasion of epithelial tissues (lung, gut, other)
Janeway, Fig. 10.2
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Primary Route of Infection: Microbial Adherence and Invasion of epithelial tissues (continued).
Janeway, Fig. 10.2
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Janeway. Fig. 10.4. Infection compartments
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Mechanisms of tissue injury in infection
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Janeway. Fig. 10.5. Mechanisms of Pathogen-induced tissue Damage
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Janeway. Fig. 10.5. Mechanisms of Pathogen-induced tissue Damage (continued)
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Timing of immune responses to infection
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Janeway. Fig. 10.1. Time course of immune response to acute infection.
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Regulation of cell-mediated (TH1) vs. humoral immunity
(TH2) in infections
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Janeway. Fig.10.9. Infection induced Th1 vs. Th2 responses.
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Janeway. Fig. 11.6. The effect of T helper subpopulations on leprosy outcome.
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Janeway. Fig. 11.6. The effect of T helper subpopulations on leprosy outcome. (continued)
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Effector mechanisms for immunity to different
pathogens
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Janeway. Fig. 10.17. Protective Effector Mechanisms against various infectious microbes
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Janeway. Fig. 10.17. Protective Effector Mechanisms against various infectious microbes (continued)
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Janeway. Fig. 10.17. Protective Effector Mechanisms against various infectious microbes (continued)
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Janeway. Fig. 10.23. Mucosal T cell function.
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Janeway. Fig. 10.24. Mucosal Secretory IgA function
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Janeway. Fig. 10.27. Recognition of intracellular infection by Nod1.
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Janeway. Fig. 10.27. Recognition of intracellular infection by Nod1.(continued)
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Janeway. Fig. 2.5. Innate recognition of microbes
and phagocytosis by macrophages
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Janeway. Fig. 2.18. Microbial activation of complement pathways for inflammation.
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Janeway. Fig. 9.1. Protective effector
mechanisms of antibody.
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Janeway. Fig. 1.24 Protective effector
mechanisms of antibody.
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Janeway. Fig. 8.27. Effector T cell populations and effector mechanisms.
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Microbial evasion of immune responses
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Janeway. Fig. 11.1. Immune evasion via multiple antigenic variants of microbes (serotypes).
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Fig.11.1 continued
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Fig. 11.1 continued
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Janeway. Fig. 11.2. Immune Evasion via antigen drift/shift.
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Janeway. Fig. 11.2. Immune Evasion via antigen drift/shift. (continued)
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Janeway. Fig. 11.3. Immune evasion via sequential DNA rearrangements of microbial antigens.
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Janeway. Fig. 11.3. Immune evasion via sequential DNA rearrangements of microbial antigens. (continued)
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Janeway. Fig. 11.5. Immune evasion mechanisms of herpes viruses.
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Janeway. Fig. 11.5. Immune evasion mechanisms of herpes viruses. (continued)
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Janeway. Fig. 11.5. Immune evasion mechanisms of herpes viruses. (continued)
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Immunizations/vaccines
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Janeway. Fig. 14.21. Childhood vaccination schedule in USA.
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Janeway. Fig. 14.23.
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Janeway. Fig. 14.23. continued.
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Summary
• Immunity to infection depends on a combination of innate mechanisms (phagocytosis, complement, etc.) and antigen specific adaptive responses (antibody, effector T lymphocytes).
• The immune system regulates which specific responses predominate (humoral vs. cell-mediated) based on the body compartment infected (intracellular vs. extracellular) and on cytokine signals present at initial antigen contact (Th1 vs. Th2 responses).
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Summary-continued
• Disease-causing microbes have virulence mechanisms that resist or evade innate and/or specific immune effector functions.
• Recovery from natural infection or artificial immunization promote specific longterm immunity to re-infection (immunological memory).