Immigration (1850-1920)
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Transcript of Immigration (1850-1920)
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Immigration (1850-1920)
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Spanish/French/Dutch (1500s) African (1600s-1800) English----United States (1600s) Germans/Scots Irish (late 1700s) The “New” Immigrants
Before 1850
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Reasons For Emigrating Famine (Irish) Persecution (Jews) Political Unrest (Russians,
Italians) Job Opportunities
–Railroads, Mining, & Farming
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1865-39 million1890-62 million1900-75 million
Population Boom
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U.S. Immigration levels http://teacher.scholastic.com/acti
vities/immigration/immigration_data/
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Ellis Island
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Ellis Island 1892-1931
Italy 2,502,310 Russia
1,893,542 Hungary (1905-
1931) 859,557
Austria (1905-1931) 768,132
Austria-Hungary (1892-1904) 648,163
Germany 633,148
England 551,969
Ireland 520,904
Sweden 348,036
Greece 245,058
Norway 226,278
Ottoman Empire 212,825
Scotland 191,023
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Belgium 63,141 Czechoslovakia
(1920-1931) 48,140
Bulgaria (1901-1931) 42,085
Wales 27,113 Yugoslavia (1920-
1931) 25,017 Finland (1920-
1931) 7,833 Switzerland
1,103
The West Indies 171,774
Poland 153,444
Portugal 120,725
France 109,687
Denmark 99,414 Romania (1894-
1931) 79,092 The Netherlands
78,602 Spain 72,636
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The Goals of Ellis Island Bring in a healthy workforce Process the large number of
immigrants in an organized fashion
Keep out the sick, mentally ill, or political radicals.
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“…give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I
lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
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Chinese Immigrants
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Chinese Railroad Workers
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Angel Island Station (1910-1940)
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*Rock Springs WY Massacre 1885. =28 killed.
Violence
*Fire bombings in
San Francisco.
-California Governor George C. Perkins proclaimed March 4, 1880, a legal state holiday for anti-Chinese demonstrations
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Naturalization Act of 1790– Free White persons living in the U.S. for two years
(changed to five in 1795) could apply for citizenship. 14th Amendment 1868
Naturalization Act of 1870=persons of African descent could
become citizens, but not Asians.
Page Act of 1875-First federal immigration law. Sought to prevent “undesirables” (Asian cheap
labor & prostitutes) from entering the U.S.
Immigration Laws
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Chinese Exclusion Act 1882=Officially excluded Chinese immigration.
-similar laws were continually enacted until 1943.
Gentleman’s Agreement of 1907–Japan agreed to limit emigration if San Francisco was desegregated.
Other Laws
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Nativism-Preferences toward native born citizens/resentment against immigrants
Xenophobia-an extreme fear or hatred offoreigners.
Immigration Hysteria/Backlash
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Quotas
In the 1920’s immigration was limited
-African countries no more than 100
-China 100
-34,000 for England
-51,227 from Germany
-3,845 from Italy They used 1890 census and limited it to 2% of existing
population. Quotas were repealed in 1965.
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The “2nd” KKK-By 1924 spread to 4 ½
million-Strongest outside the
South-Indiana and out West
-Targets: Catholics, Jews, Blacks,
immigrants and immorality.
Organized Resistance