Immature representation or immature deployment? Modeling ... · Observed Input Observed...
Transcript of Immature representation or immature deployment? Modeling ... · Observed Input Observed...
Observedcomprehensionbehavior(Forsythe2019)ObservedInput
H1 NoisyrepresentationIntuition: Immature cue representations skew theinformation children can extract from their input.Likelihoods will be noisier than an optimallymodeled learner.
H2NoisydeletionIntuition: Children may omit some cues whencalculating pronoun meaning. Optimal model ismixed with sub-optimal cue deletionmodels.
morenoise
BackgroundandResearchQuestions
Fig.3:Best-fittingnoiseparametersfornoisyrepresentationmodel
Fig.2: Proportionsubjectantecedentresponsesforobject-favoring‒subject-favoringcues
SummaryandDiscussion
Immaturerepresentationorimmaturedeployment?Modelingchildpronounresolution
HannahForsythe– [email protected] LisaPearl– [email protected],Irvine
Computation of Language Lab
Spanish subject pronouns areprobabilistically associated withcertain antecedents, dependingon their (1a) FORM and thesemantics of accompanying (1b)CONNECTIVES. They can also becategorically disambiguated byverbal number MORPHOLOGY (2).
54,757 utterances of naturalistic child-directed speech from Schmitt-Millercorpus (Forsythe et al. under review) hand-coded for reference to differentantecedent types in the presence of each cue.
(1) Lamaestra saluda alaniña…Theteacherwavestothegirl…a.… y{ ø /ella }sale.
and{pro/she}leaves.b.… { ydespués/porque } sale.
{andthen/because} leaves.
(2)Lamaestra saluda alasniñas y…Theteacherwavestothegirlsand…{sale /salen }.leave-3S/3P
%subjectant.
(1,093/2,367) 0.46(64/291) 0.22
(29/54) 0.54(52/149) 0.35
%singularant.(5,655/5,662) >0.99
(9/1,336) <0.01
(3)Lamaestra saluda alasniñas…Theteacherwavestothegirls…
Subject antecedent Object antecedent
… ydespués ø salen.…andthenproleave-3P
Fig.1: Exampleitem,forced-choicepictureselection(fullycrossed)
øella
0 1
subj
"obj"
porq
ella
desp
ø
0 1
subj
obj
PLSG
0 1
Q1 Canchildrenusethesecuestointerpretsubjectpronouns?
Q2 Aretheirnon-adult-likeinterpretationsduetoimmaturerepresentation ordeploymentofthesecues?
A1 Children’s use of Spanish verbalMORPHOLOGY is not fully adult-like,consistent with cross-linguisticfindings (Pérez-Leroux 2005, Johnson etal. 2005, a.o.; but see Legendre et al. 2014).
A2 This behavior is more likelycaused by immature deploymentof otherwise adult-likerepresentations, consistent withother findings on child pronouncomprehension (ex. Principle BConroy et al. 2009, Spenader et al. 2009).
nonoise
noisyrepresentation
noisydeletion
MSE≤3 0.22 0.11 0.094 0.15 0.11 0.09≥5 0.15 0.11 0.08adult 0.04 0.03 0.02
loglikelihood≤3 -1774 -913 -8354 -1749 -956 -871≥5 -1264 -762 -668adult -1201 -1113 -850
Table2:Overallmodelfittoobservedbehavior
Table1:co-occurrenceofantecedenttypeswithcuesinchildren’sinput
Fig.4:Best-fittingnoiseparametersfornoisydeletionmodel
σCON βCON
σMOR
σFOR
βMOR
βFOR
P(α|fFOR,fCON,fMOR)
P(fMOR |α)
P(fFOR |α)
P(fCON |α)
P(fMOR |α)
P(fFOR |α)
P(fCON |α)
P(α|fFOR,fCON,fMOR) ∝ exp(log(σFOR P(fFOR |α)))·exp(log(σCON P(fCON |α)))·exp(log(σMOR P(fMOR |α)))
·P(α)
(βFOR )(βCON)(βMOR)P(α|fFOR,fCON,fMOR)+(βFOR )(βCON)(1-βMOR)P(α|fFOR,fCON)+(βFOR )(1-βCON)(1-βMOR)P(α|fFOR)+
…+(1-βFOR )(1-βCON)(1-βMOR)P(α)
Acknowledgements: Many thanks to theteachers, children, and administrators at SEDI,Mexico City, MX, in particular Patricia de laFuente and Beti López Juárez. Thanks to LisaPearl, Richard Futrell, Greg Scontras, Galia BarSever, Alandi Bates, and other members of theCoLaLab for helpful feedback. Support from NSFgrant #SPRF-1810159 to Hannah Forsythe.
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