Imarisha Maisha Urbanization and Youth in Kenya: A Demographic Overview Young, Urban and Growing:...
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Imarisha Maisha
Urbanization and Youth in Kenya: A Demographic Overview
Young, Urban and Growing: Understanding and Meeting the
Health Needs of Kenya’s Growing Population of Urban slum-Dwelling
Youth
Alan G. Johnston2011 Global Health Council Conference,
Urban Health Panel14th June, 2011
2
Kenya: Basic Demographic Indicators
1969 1989 2009
Population (millions) 10.9 23.2 38.6 Percent urban 9.9 18.1 23.8 Inter-censal growth rate 3.3 3.4 3.0 Total fertility rate 7.6 6.7 4.6 Infant mortality rate 119 66 52.0
Sources: CBS, 1970, 1994; KNBS, 2010
3
Kenyan Youth
4
Kenya: a stall in urbanization?
In Kenya, built-up areas with a population of at least 2,000 are considered urban
Enumeration areas are coded (1) rural, (2) core-urban, and (3) peri-urban
Core-urban + peri-urban = Total urban
In 1999, Total urban = 9,626,476 (34.2 %)
In 2009, Total urban = 12,487,375 (32.3 %)
Source: KNBS, 2011, personal communication
5
Kenya: struggling to reduce poverty
The proportion of families living in poverty has been reduced:
In 1999, 54 % below the poverty line
= 15.2 million
In 2009, 46 % below the poverty line
= 17.8 million Thus, the number of people living
in poverty has increased by 2.6 million in the past decade
Source: KNBS, KIHBS, 1997, 2006
6
Rapidly growing population of urban youth
Kenya youth age 15-24:1969 = 1.9 million2009 = 7.9 millionIn 2009, 32.3 percent live in urban
areas = 2.6 millionIn 2009, 34.4 percent of urban youth
(15-24) live in poverty = 900,000
What is the current trend in teenage pregnancies in Kenya?
Trends in Adolescent Fertility
ASFR (15-19) 1993 1998 2003 2008/9
Urban 74 90 88 92
Rural 119 119 123 107
Total 110 111 114 103
Source: KDHS, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008/9
9
Urban Contraceptive Prevalence(modern methods), Kenya, 2010
City CPR (20-24) CPR (15-49)
Nairobi 39.7 43.7
Mombasa 28.4 29.4
Kisumu 49.3 44.4
Kakamega 46.3 46.0
Machakos 39.5 45.3
Source: Tupange Baseline Household Survey, 2010, collectedin collaboration with the Measurement, Learning & Evaluation Project
10
HIV prevalence among Kenyan youth, by age-group, 2008/9 KDHS
15-19 20-24 25-290
2
4
6
8
10
12
WomenMen
percentage
National HIV prevalence (15-49) = 6.3 %
Source: KDHS 2008/09
11
The challenges for poor urban populations
Over the past decades, the environmental and health hazards of dense urban slums have become persistent features of Kenya’s urban landscape. The challenges facing youth living in these environments include the search for the educational and job opportunities that will help them build a solid future. This panel will focus on innovative strategies to address their unique health challenges to enable them to take advantage of those opportunities.