iMarine Impact Laboratory: Creating a new laboratory to analyze water

surface impact via the World Wide Web.

Tadd TruscottMIT Ocean Engineering

January 24, 2004

An apparatus for water surface impact experimentation developed as part of the iMarine WebLab project.

IntroductionIntroductionDesign

Construction &Implementation

Experimentation

System Integration

Laverty 04’

OutlineOutline

MotivationProject overviewProject DesignSystem Integration and ControlProject ApplicationsExperimentationThe next step

MotivationProject overviewProject DesignSystem Integration and ControlProject ApplicationsExperimentationThe next step

MotivationMotivation Numerical Method Validation - Experiments

validate theories and numerical techniques. They also promote scientific discovery. Help break down or diversify the problem.

Education - web-based teaching tools. Naval Architecture - modern approaches to naval

architecture problems; educating the next generation of naval architects.

Synergy - integrating classroom learning with numerical simulations and experimentation for a more comprehensive understanding of fluid dynamics.

Numerical Method Validation - Experiments validate theories and numerical techniques. They also promote scientific discovery. Help break down or diversify the problem.

Education - web-based teaching tools. Naval Architecture - modern approaches to naval

architecture problems; educating the next generation of naval architects.

Synergy - integrating classroom learning with numerical simulations and experimentation for a more comprehensive understanding of fluid dynamics.

Critical thought process: deriving empirical conclusions and reiterating on the process to

further scientific knowledge.

Critical thought process: deriving empirical conclusions and reiterating on the process to

further scientific knowledge.

Scientific Method1. Observation and

description of phenomenon.

2. Formulation of a hypothesis to explain phenomenon (i.e. Mathematical model).

3. Prediction based on Hypothesis.

4. Performance of an experiment to test prediction and hypothesis.

Scientific Method1. Observation and

description of phenomenon.

2. Formulation of a hypothesis to explain phenomenon (i.e. Mathematical model).

3. Prediction based on Hypothesis.

4. Performance of an experiment to test prediction and hypothesis.

Educational Method1. Lecture or reading to

learn principle.2. Application of principle to

students interests (i.e. Homework or research).

3. Prediction based on principle in research or homework.

4. Performance of an experiment to test understanding (real world observation and experimentation solidifies understanding best).

Educational Method1. Lecture or reading to

learn principle.2. Application of principle to

students interests (i.e. Homework or research).

3. Prediction based on principle in research or homework.

4. Performance of an experiment to test understanding (real world observation and experimentation solidifies understanding best).

Combining resourcesCombining resources Online laboratory concepts help combine resources

Create libraries of articles and literature. Collection of modern numerical simulations and models. “WebLabs” allow users to remotely and safely run experiments,

computational simulations, and process data on-line. Collection of experiments can be “harvested” for trends etc. Help create networks of common research, and researchers. Stimulate students interests.

Three types of online laboratories Batch - student sets parameters, and collects data (i.e.

weblab.mit.edu). Sensor - data collection only (i.e. flagploe.mit.edu, Rutgers

www.coolclassroom.com). Interactive - students set parameters at intervals during sensor

data collection (i.e. heatex.mit.edu)

Online laboratory concepts help combine resources Create libraries of articles and literature. Collection of modern numerical simulations and models. “WebLabs” allow users to remotely and safely run experiments,

computational simulations, and process data on-line. Collection of experiments can be “harvested” for trends etc. Help create networks of common research, and researchers. Stimulate students interests.

Three types of online laboratories Batch - student sets parameters, and collects data (i.e.

weblab.mit.edu). Sensor - data collection only (i.e. flagploe.mit.edu, Rutgers

www.coolclassroom.com). Interactive - students set parameters at intervals during sensor

data collection (i.e. heatex.mit.edu)

I-MarineMain

I-Learn•Lectures•Museum•Photo Archives•Literature resources•Links

I-Simulate•LAMP•M5D•SWAN•Wigley Hull•Potential flow•Added Mass•Munk Moment•Waves

I-Experiment•Impact•Wave maker •Spray

I-ExperimentI-ExperimentImpact lab:

Free surface interface interactionShip SlammingMine DroppingHydrodynamics

Splash formationViscous effectsThree dimensional effectsAir entrainment

Instabilities make it interesting (i.e. surface tension, ball size, imperfections etc).

Variable speeds.Repeatability

Impact lab:Free surface interface interactionShip SlammingMine DroppingHydrodynamics

Splash formationViscous effectsThree dimensional effectsAir entrainment

Instabilities make it interesting (i.e. surface tension, ball size, imperfections etc).

Variable speeds.Repeatability

Impact Lab OverviewImpact Lab Overview

h2o

Counter-rotatingshooter wheels

Video acquisition

Sensors & instrumentation

Objects inloader

Vi

Techet 04’

Project TimelineProject TimelineYear Month Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec.

ResearchDesignConstructionSystem IntegrationOperationTroubleshootingExperimentation

Key

ModerateLite

2003 2004

Amount of time spent.Grande

Tank DesignTank Design

Tank Acrylic - similar index

of refraction to water. Adjustable window

16” to 20” Dimensions

Depth 6 ft Length 6 ftWidth 3ft~800 Gallons fullWeight

Full Tank and frame ~6500 lbs

Tank Acrylic - similar index

of refraction to water. Adjustable window

16” to 20” Dimensions

Depth 6 ft Length 6 ftWidth 3ft~800 Gallons fullWeight

Full Tank and frame ~6500 lbs

Shooting/Firing Mechanism Design

Shooting/Firing Mechanism Design

Shooter Based on a pitching wheel. Adjustable golf balls to

basketballs. Specifications

Wheels 16 in Frame 60 in X 18 in Wheels 0-1700 rpm ~35 mph for baseball Rotate frame <15º Linear position

Firing Acrylic container (7 balls)

Holds 7 balls 1.5 in - 2.25 in

Solenoid actuator Firing sequence

Billiard balls

Shooter Based on a pitching wheel. Adjustable golf balls to

basketballs. Specifications

Wheels 16 in Frame 60 in X 18 in Wheels 0-1700 rpm ~35 mph for baseball Rotate frame <15º Linear position

Firing Acrylic container (7 balls)

Holds 7 balls 1.5 in - 2.25 in

Solenoid actuator Firing sequence

Billiard balls

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Pacesettergroup.com

Instrument Design Instrument Design

Instrumentation Camera: X-Stream VISION XS-3

Resolution: 1280X1024 1.3 Mpix

Pixel size 12X12 micron Plug and Play real time Trigerable 628 - 32000 fps (resolution

based) 4 GB memory ~10 seconds @

600 Hz C-mount USB 2

Wave Probes Analog voltage sensors

RPM and Break Beams ROS-W (remote optical sensor) Mounting

Instrumentation Camera: X-Stream VISION XS-3

Resolution: 1280X1024 1.3 Mpix

Pixel size 12X12 micron Plug and Play real time Trigerable 628 - 32000 fps (resolution

based) 4 GB memory ~10 seconds @

600 Hz C-mount USB 2

Wave Probes Analog voltage sensors

RPM and Break Beams ROS-W (remote optical sensor) Mounting

IDT X-Stream VISION XS-3

Laverty 04’

System Integration and control

System Integration and control

HardwareMotors

2 Bodine EC Inverted AC 177-3500 RPM2 Superior Electric Slo-Syn KML series 200 steps/rev

Stepper motors1 Linear motion screw drive Nook EZM 3010Worm Drive Grove Gear OE Series 134-3

Motor ControllersPacesetter computer analog adjustable speed drive.National Instruments DAQ - Voltage & Frequency I/ONational Instruments UMI 7764 - Digital In / Analog OutGrayhill Relay Board - Analog Voltage I/O

HardwareMotors

2 Bodine EC Inverted AC 177-3500 RPM2 Superior Electric Slo-Syn KML series 200 steps/rev

Stepper motors1 Linear motion screw drive Nook EZM 3010Worm Drive Grove Gear OE Series 134-3

Motor ControllersPacesetter computer analog adjustable speed drive.National Instruments DAQ - Voltage & Frequency I/ONational Instruments UMI 7764 - Digital In / Analog OutGrayhill Relay Board - Analog Voltage I/O

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

System ControlSystem Control

AutomationSynchronizationSystem ProcessingFlow Chart

AutomationSynchronizationSystem ProcessingFlow Chart

http://imarine.mit.edu System Flow chartSystem Flow chartUser Inputs-RPM- Angle-Camera Options

DAQ

UMI 7764

Wheel MotorsSolenoidControl

Shooting Mechanism

Server

WormGear

Impact Lab CPU

LinearScrewDrive

High SpeedVideo

RPM &Break Beams

Wave Probes

LabView

Postion

Video OverviewVideo Overview

Filmed at 100 fpsShot at 1000 RPM28 mm lens @ 3

m

Filmed at 100 fpsShot at 1000 RPM28 mm lens @ 3

m

QuickTime™ and aVideo decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Applications Applications Research

Numerical ProblemsUse experiments to validate numerical models and vice versa.There are challenges with high speed/highly 3D hydro

problems using numerical simulations so experiments can helpExperiments aren’t always the answer.

TeachingOcean engineering

Ship SlammingMilitaryShallow angle of incidenceSpinning projectiles

Research Numerical Problems

Use experiments to validate numerical models and vice versa.There are challenges with high speed/highly 3D hydro

problems using numerical simulations so experiments can helpExperiments aren’t always the answer.

TeachingOcean engineering

Ship SlammingMilitaryShallow angle of incidenceSpinning projectiles

Curveball HistoryCurveball History Robins, Benjamin 1742. New Principles of Gunnery. Magnus, Gustav 1853. Magnus Effect. Berlin Academy of Sciences

award. Arthur “Candy” Cummings 1867. First pitcher in baseball to pitch a

curveball. Strutt, John W. ‘Lord Rayleigh’ 1877. On the irregular flight of a tennis

ball. Maccoll, J. W. 1928. Aerodynamics of a spinning sphere. Journal of the

Royal Aeronautical Society. Barkla, H. M., Auchterlonie, L. J. 1971. The Magnus or Robbins effect on

Rotating spheres. JFM Brown, F. N. M. 1971. See the wind blow. Mehta, Rabindra D. 1985. Aerodynamics of Sports Balls. Ann. Rev.

Fluid Mech. Watts, R.G., Ferrer, R. 1987. The lateral force on a spinning sphere:

Aerodynamics of a curveball. American Journal of Physics.

Robins, Benjamin 1742. New Principles of Gunnery. Magnus, Gustav 1853. Magnus Effect. Berlin Academy of Sciences

award. Arthur “Candy” Cummings 1867. First pitcher in baseball to pitch a

curveball. Strutt, John W. ‘Lord Rayleigh’ 1877. On the irregular flight of a tennis

ball. Maccoll, J. W. 1928. Aerodynamics of a spinning sphere. Journal of the

Royal Aeronautical Society. Barkla, H. M., Auchterlonie, L. J. 1971. The Magnus or Robbins effect on

Rotating spheres. JFM Brown, F. N. M. 1971. See the wind blow. Mehta, Rabindra D. 1985. Aerodynamics of Sports Balls. Ann. Rev.

Fluid Mech. Watts, R.G., Ferrer, R. 1987. The lateral force on a spinning sphere:

Aerodynamics of a curveball. American Journal of Physics.

Hydrodynamics of Curveballs

Hydrodynamics of Curveballs

Free Body Diagram

•http://wings.avkids.com/Book/Sports/instructor/curveball-01.html

Video of curveballVideo of curveball

QuickTime™ and aCinepak decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

600 fps50 mm lans @ 1

m1700 RPM release~2200 RPM spin0º entry angle#15 Billiard ball

600 fps50 mm lans @ 1

m1700 RPM release~2200 RPM spin0º entry angle#15 Billiard ball

Video of curveball up closeVideo of curveball up close

QuickTime™ and aVideo decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

600 fps50 mm lans @ 1

m1700 RPM release~2200 RPM spin0º entry angle#15 Billiard ball

600 fps50 mm lans @ 1

m1700 RPM release~2200 RPM spin0º entry angle#15 Billiard ball

Data vs. TheoryData vs. Theory

Next StepNext Step

DataCl vs omegaCd vs omegaContinue research into high

reynolds #3-d PIV

DataCl vs omegaCd vs omegaContinue research into high

reynolds #3-d PIV

Conclusion - Where we have been.

Conclusion - Where we have been.

General Impact General Impact

History - prior research on surface impact… have this for a backup slide

History - prior research on surface impact… have this for a backup slide