Longitude and Time. Imagine clocks did not exist…..what would you base time on?
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Transcript of Imagine your typical day and what you currently do. Now, imagine what happens when you take...
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Warm-
• Imagine your typical day and what you currently do.
• Now, imagine what happens when you take electricity away.
• What things could you no longer do because of this invention and what would do instead?
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The Start of the Industrial Revolution
Ch. 21.1-2
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I. Beginning of the Industrial Revolution (1750 to 1850)
A. Industrial Revolution changed Europe from a mostly agricultural economy to industrialization- work driven by machinery
B. Agricultural Revolution (started 1700)1. New farming inventions, techniques, and new foods
increased food supply and increased population2. Enclosure movement- wealthy farmers created
large, enclosed farms so poor farmers went to cities for work
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I. Beginning of the Industrial Revolution (1750 to 1850)
C. Started in Great Britain because it had the four factors of production:1. Land: Lots of coal and iron,
waterways, shipping2. Labor: growing population,
needed work, free to move3. Capital: money for investment4. Entrepreneurs: GB had the
political stability and business friendly environment for risk-takers
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II. Cloth Making
A. Textiles were the first major industry1. Gained slave grown
cotton from America2. At first woven into
cloth in homes in cottage industries
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II. Cloth MakingA. Inventions
1. Eli Whitney’s cotton gin- removed seeds from cotton
2. James Hargreave’sspinning jenny- spun cotton into threads
3. John Kay’s flying shuttle- weaved yarn into cloth
B. Eventually production moved to large factories, putting cottage industries out of business
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Warm-
• What were factory conditions like?Page 641-644
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III. Factory System
A. At first, factories were powered by watermills
B. Steam Engine- invented by James Watt, created a new source of power for factories
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III. Factory System
C. Entrepreneurs and investors came together to form corporations- businesses owned by a group of people
D. Urbanization- movement to cities people migrated to mill towns or cities for work increase in pollution, disease, crime
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III. Factory System
E. Conditions1. Men, women, and
children worked in factories
2. Long hours and dangerous conditions
3. Some workers formed labor unions to get better conditions and pay
– Mill Times Documentary
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III. Factory System
F. Mass Production- system of making many identical items1. Machines and
interchangeable parts- identical parts that could easily be fixed or replaced
2. Production increased with the innovation of the assembly line- workers divide their labor so repetitively do a small task in the production process
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IV. Spread of the Industrial Revolution
A. Great Britain passed laws to prevent machine technology from spreading
B. Some British entrepreneurs moved to the north of the USA
C. After French Revolution, France and small German states adopted industrialization
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IV. Spread of the Industrial Revolution
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DBQ
• Once you finish all sources and questions. • Create an outline using the sources to TURN
IN for a grade.
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Warm-
• What role does our government (U.S.) play in society? What role do you think government play in society?
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Industrial Revolution and Society
Ch. 21.3, 23.1
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I. Economic Philosophy
A. Capitalism- advocated by Adam Smith1. No gov’t intervention in
the economy, people guided by self-interest
2. Thomas Malthus believed that population would grow faster than food so poverty was inevitable
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I. Economic PhilosophyB. Socialism
1. Society/gov’tcould help control economy in order to benefit all
2. Robert Owen founded a failed utopian society based on socialism
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I. Economic PhilosophyC. Communism- radical
socialist ideas of Karl Marx1. Believed that the
workers (proletariat) would rise up in revolution against the ruling class (bourgeoisie)
2. The gov’t should control everything to create equality
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Capitalism/Communism Quotes
• The following quotes were said by either Adam Smith (Capitalism) or Karl Marx (Communism).
• Match their names to the quotes on the three next slides.
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Capitalism/Communism Quotes1. “The ruling ideas of each age have ever been the
ideas of its ruling class.”2. “It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the
brewer, or the baker that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest.”
3. “Workers of the world unite; you have nothing to lose but your chains.”
4. “Every man is, no doubt, by nature, first and principally recommended to his own care; and as he is fitter to take care of himself than of any other person, it is fit and right that it should be so.”
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Capitalism/Communism Quotes
5. “Sell a man a fish, he eats for a day, teach a man how to fish, you ruin a wonderful business opportunity.”
6. “The real tragedy of the poor is the poverty of their aspirations.”
7. “Every man, as long as he does no violate the laws of justice, is left perfectly free to pursue his own interests his own way, and to bring both his industry and capital into competition with those of any other man, or order of men.”
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Capitalism/Communism Quotes8. “From each, according to his ability; to each,
according to his need.”9. “Consumption is the sole end and purpose of
all production; and the interest of the producer ought to be attended to, only so far as it may be necessary for promoting that of the consumer.”
10.“Abolish all private property.”
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Warm-Up
• What changes took place in society during the Industrial Revolution?Page 649-651
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II. Changes in SocietyA. Increased population
1. Agricultural revolution, more jobs, and better medicine led to a large population increases, esp. in cities
2. Except in Ireland- a Potato Famine led to 1 million starved and 1.5 million emigrated to the USA
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II. Changes in Society
B. Social Classes1. New wealth increased
standard of living for all classes because of low-cost goods
2. Middle class developed for managers and merchants
3. Some entrepreneurs became very wealthy dominating new industries- Carnegie (steel), Rockefeller (oil), Vanderbilt (railroads)• Titans of Industry
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II. Changes in SocietyC. Daily Life
1. New inventions increased leisure time that was used for sports, entertainment, and art
2. Transportation increased travel and movement
3. Lower class women joined the work force more
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II. Changes in Society
D. Education1. Education required
more for children2. Newspapers informed
the public and got them more politically involved
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III. British Reform MovementA. Liberals- wanted to
reform society to make it more equal and give more freedoms
B. Conservatives- wanted to keep old order of aristocracy
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III. British Reform MovementC. Reform Act of 1832- gave
voting rights to middle-class men
D. Parliament passed a series of Factory Acts that limited working hours and gave education for children and improved factory conditions
E. Parliament abolished slavery in their empire
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III. British Reform Movement
F. A series of Voting Acts (1867-1885) extended suffrage (right to vote) to most men
G. Women did not gain suffrage until 1918
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Warm-Up
• What were some of the changes in society during the Industrial Revolution?
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Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Ch. 22
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I. ScienceA. New Advancements
1. Medicinea) Louis Pasteur discovered
the harmful effects of bacteria and developed ways of destroying them
b) Surgeries became safer with the use of anesthetic and Joseph Lister’s method of killing germs using anapestic
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I. Science2. Biology: Charles Darwin
developed the theory of evolution- species change as a result of natural selection
3. Chemistrya) Connection discovered b/w
magnetism and electricityb) Periodic table developedc) Marie and Pierre Curie
discovered some elements release energy in radioactivity
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I. Science4. Psychology: new field
studying the mind and behaviora) Sigmund Freud
developed psychoanalysis which focused on basic human desires and the unconscious mind
1) Thoughts mental illness could be caused by repressed thoughts in the unconscious mind
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I. Science
b) Pavlov, Skinner, and Watson worked on conditioning- process of connecting behavior to a stimulus
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Warm-Up
• Moonlight Sonata• Does the following piece make you feel
anything?• Are you reminded of a certain scene or does it
make you recall a specific memory in your life?
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I. Science
B. New Inventions1. Electric power-
smaller machines and factories anywhere
2. Telegraph- invented by Samuel Morse, allowed fast global communication
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Morse Code
A .- B -... C -.-. D -.. E . F ..-. G --. H .... I .. J .--- K -.- L .-.. M -- N -. O --- P .--. Q --.- R .-. S ... T - U ..- V ...- W .-- X -..- Y -.-- Z --.. 0 ----- 1 .---- 2 ..--- 3 ...-- 4 ....- 5 ..... 6 -.... 7 --... 8 ---.. 9 ----.
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I. Science
3. Steamship- allowed transportation upriver and w/o wind
4. Railroad- made transportation over land fast and cheap
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I. Science5. Telephone- invented
by Alexander Graham Bell
6. Lightbulb- invented by Thomas Edison
7. Radio- wireless communication and entertainment
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II. ArtA. Romanticism:
Emphasis on personal emotional expression 1. Focused on the
individual, imagination, and liberty
2. Ludwig van Beethoven- inspiration to Romantic artists because of emotionalism in his music
1. Beethoven Songs
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Romanticism
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II. ArtB. Realism: show the
reality of everyday life1. Focus on objective
reality discovered by the individual
2. Charles Dickens wrote novels that showed hardships of the poor because of industrialization
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Realism
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II. Art
C. Impressionism: used bright colors and brushstrokes to recreate a way of looking at everyday things
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III. Foreign Policy
A. Great Britain gave self-government to Canada, Australia, and New Zealand but held tight control over Ireland
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III. Foreign Policy
B. Demand for more resources for factories drove Europeans to take over new lands
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III. Foreign Policy
C. New weapons from the Industrial Revolution made it easier to dominate most of the world’s population