“I’m feeling much better now, thanks.” Immunology II AKA Why we aren’t sick ALL of the time.
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Transcript of “I’m feeling much better now, thanks.” Immunology II AKA Why we aren’t sick ALL of the time.
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“I’m feeling much better now, thanks.”
Immunology II
AKAWhy we aren’t sick ALL of the time
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Immune System Basics
Function = Recognize and Destroy Pathogens
Disease-causing organismsCell surface glyco-
proteins act as “name tags”
If non-self/abnormal=
ANTIGENS
Inflammatory response
Make ANTIBODIES= Special proteins that bind to specific antigens
Make MEMORY CELLS = “know” how to recognize and destroy =>Immunity
AND
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Developing Immunity:A How-To Guide
-Basically, you must make memory cells
But, how do I do that?
EXPOSURE TO ANTIGENSThis way, you make antibodies for yourself = ACTIVE IMMUNITY
You should be asking yourself, “But, won’t I get sick that way and feel like doodie?”
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Vaccinations AKA Immunizations or Innoculations• Present body with antigens but skip the
getting sick part (inflammatory response).
• Use weakened or dead pathogens.
• They still have antigens but cannot infect cells.
• Without cellular damage, no inflammatory response but antibodies and memory cells produced = IMMUNITY
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Do this by:
• Breast feeding – Mom passes antibodies to baby through breast milk.
• Transfusion – When you receive someone’s blood, you get their antibodies too!
If that’s ACTIVE immunity, what about PASSIVE immunity?
Passive Immunity = Borrowing someone else’s
antibodies
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Speaking of transfusions, what about:
Tissue/Organ Transplanting?
• One persons cell surface glyco-proteins (receptor molecules/”name tags”) are another persons antigens
• Matching of “name tags” critical to transplanting
• Blood-typing is one method of matching name tags
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ABO Blood-typing
Type A blood has
Type AB blood has
Type B blood has
Type O blood has
A antigens
B antigens
neither A nor B antigens
both A and B antigens
Here’s the problem: You always make antibodies against the antigens you DON’T have.
anti-B antibodies
anti-A antibodies
neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
and
and
and
and
Which ANTIGENS? Which ANTIBODIES?
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Draw some pictures of red blood cells in your notes
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Who can donate to whom?
Who can donate to anyone?
Why?
Who can receive from anyone?
Why?
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Thanks for tuning in…
• Supporting material is available at www.mrulrichslandofbiology.com
• These videos are works in progress. Students who create material for the website would certainly be awarded credit on the site and extra credit in the grade book.