Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation...
-
Upload
sharleen-goodwin -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation...
![Page 1: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
IllusionA false representation of the environment
Perception
•Selection
•Organization
•Interpretation
Perception
![Page 2: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Illusory Contours
Perceived edges that do not physically exist
Visual system fills in the gaps
Inspired Gestalt School:
•Max Wertheimer (1880-1943)•Wolfgang Kohler (1887-1967)•Kurt Koffka (1886-1941)
•Gestalt Grouping Rules
![Page 3: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Perception: Selection
Selective attention“Cocktail party effect”The process whereby the brain sorts out, and only attends to, the important messages from the senses.
Feature detectorsSpecialized cells in the brain that respond only to certain sensory information. Based on experience.
HabituationThe tendency of the brain to ignore environmental factors that remain constant.
![Page 4: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Perception: Organization
•Form
•Constancy
•Color
•Depth
![Page 5: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Organization: Form
Gestalt
ability to perceive the whole stimulus rather than perceiving its discrete part as separate entities
good continuation
![Page 6: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Organization: Form
Figure and Ground
see a main object relative to ground
![Page 7: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Organization: Form
Proximity
items near each other are grouped together
![Page 8: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Organization: Form
Continuity
perceive smooth as continuous patterns
![Page 9: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Organization: Form
Closure
fill in the gaps
![Page 10: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Organization: Form
Similarity
image chunks that are similar to each other will be grouped together
![Page 11: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Violations of Perceptual Organization by Form: Ambiguous Figure
![Page 12: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Violations of Perceptual Organization by Form: Ambiguous Figure
![Page 13: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Violations of Perceptual Organization by Form: Impossible Figure
![Page 14: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Violations of Perceptual Organization by Form: Impossible Figure
![Page 15: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Violations of Perceptual Organization by Form: Impossible Figure
![Page 16: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Organization by ConstancyPerceptual Constancy:
the tendency for the environment to be perceived as remaining the same even with changes in sensory input
Size
Shape
Color
Brightness
![Page 17: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Organization by Color
Trichromatic Theory:color perception results from mixing three distinct color systems - red, green, and blue
Opponent-Process Theory:color perception is based on three systems of color opposites - blue-yellow, red-green, and black-white
![Page 18: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Organization by Depth
Depth Perception:the ability to see three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are in two dimensions
Binocular Cues
Monocular Cues
![Page 19: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Depth Perception
![Page 20: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Binocular Cues: Retinal Disparity
![Page 21: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Binocular Cues: Retinal Disparity
![Page 22: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Monocular Cue:
Relative Size
assuming same size can discriminate distance
![Page 23: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Monocular Cue:
Interposition
blocked objects will appear closer
![Page 24: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Monocular Cue:
Relative Clarity
hazy objects are perceived to be further away
![Page 25: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Monocular Cue:
Texture Gradient
coarse objects are perceived as being closer
![Page 26: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Monocular Cue:
Relative Height
higher objects are perceived to be farther away
![Page 27: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Monocular Cue:
Relative Motion
nearer things are perceived to move faster
![Page 28: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Monocular Cue:
Linear Perspectives
more line convergence gives the perception of greater distance
![Page 29: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Monocular Cue:Relative Brightness
dimmer is perceived to be farther away
![Page 30: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Perception: Interpretation
Perceptual Adaptation we adapt to changes in perceptions
Perceptual Setprevious experiences affect our perceptions
Individual Motivationpersonal interests affect our perceptions
Frame of Referenceperceptions change as context changes
![Page 31: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Object Recognition• Naïve Template Theory
– Visual object would have to match existing template to be perceived
• Structural Description Theories– Visual object is recognized by its specific parts and the relationships
between its parts.
• Multiple Recognition Committees– Visual objects are recognized by multiple means simultaneously
• Grandmother Cell Theory– Single cells are responsible for recognizing specific objects
![Page 32: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Naïve Template Theory
![Page 33: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Structural Description Theories
![Page 34: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Multiple Recognition Committees
![Page 35: Illusion A false representation of the environment Perception Selection Organization Interpretation Perception.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062800/56649e155503460f94aff027/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Grandmother Cell Theory