Illinois mineral industry in 1950 · stateofillinois adlaie.stevenson,governor...
Transcript of Illinois mineral industry in 1950 · stateofillinois adlaie.stevenson,governor...
STATE OF ILLINOIS
ADLAI E. STEVENSON, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATIONC. HOBART ENGLE, Director
DIVISION OF THE
STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEYM. M. LEIGHTON, Chief
URBANA
REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS—NO. 158
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
BY
WALTER H. VOSKUIL
•R1NTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS
URBANA, ILLINOIS
1952
ILLINOIS GiiOLOGICA
SURVEY L1BR
MAR 14
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
3 3051 00005 7855
STATE OF ILLINOIS
ADLAI E. STEVENSON, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATIONC. HOBART ENGLE, Director
DIVISION OF THE
S T A T E GEOLOGI C A L SUR V E
Y
M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief
URBANA
REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS—NO. 158
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
WALTER H. VOSKUIL
PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS
URBANA, ILLINOIS
19 52
MANUSCRIPT COMPLETED AUGUST 1951
ORGANIZATION
STATE OF ILLINOIS
HON. ADLAI E. STEVENSON, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATIONHON. C. HOBART ENGLE, Director
BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION
HON. C. HOBART ENGLE. B.Edn., M.A., Chairman
W. H. NEWHOUSE, Ph.D., Geology
ROGER ADAMS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chemistry
LOUIS R. HOWSON, C.E., Engineering
A. E. EMERSON, Ph.D., Biology
LEWIS H. TIFFANY, Ph.D., Pd.D., Forestry
GEORGE D. STODDARD, Ph.D., Litt.D., LL.D., L.H.D.,
President of the University of Illinois
DELYTE W. MORRIS, Ph.D.,
President of Southern Illinois University
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISIONM. M. LEIGHTON, Ph.D., Chief
(38750—2500—10-51)
STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISIONNatural Resources Building, Urbana
M. M. LEIGHTON, Ph.D., Chief
Enid Townley, M.S., Geologist and Assistant to the Chief
Velda A. Millard, Junior Assistant to the Chief
Helen E. McMorkis, Secretary to the Chief
RESEARCHGEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Arthur Bevan, Ph.D., D. Sc, Principal Geologist
Frances H. Alsterlund, A.B., Research Assistant
Coal
Arthur Bevan, Ph.D., D.Sc, Acting HeadG. H. Cadv, Ph.D., Senior Geologist and Head, EmeritusErnest P. Du Bois, Ph.D., Geologist
R. J. Helfinstine, M.S., Mechanical EngineerGeorge M. Wilson, M.S., GeologistRobert M. Kosanke, M.A., GeologistRaymond Siever, Ph.D., Associate Geologist
John A. Harrison, M.S., Assistant Geologist
Jack A. Simon, M.S., Assistant GeologistMargaret A. Parker, B.S., Assistant Geologist
Adabell Karstrom, M.S., Assistant Geologist (on leave)Frederick E. Williams, B.A., Assistant GeologistKenneth E. Clegg, B.S., Research AssistantWalter E. Cooper, Technical Assistant
Oil and GasA. H. Bell, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadLester L. Whiting, B.A., Associate GeologistVirginia Kline, Ph.D., Associate Geologist
Wayne F. Meents, Assistant GeologistW. W. Hallstein, B.S., Research AssistantRobert L. Brownfield, A.B., B.S., Research AssistantKathryn C. Irving, Technical Assistant
Petroleum Engineering
Paul A. Witherspoon, M.S., Petroleum Engineer andHead
Frederick Squires, A.B., B.S., Petroleum Engineer,Emeritus
Paul J. Shanor, B.S., Associate Petroleum Engineer
Industrial Minerals
J. E. Lamar, B.S., Geologist and HeadDonald L. Graf, Ph.D., Associate GeologistJames C. Bradbury, A.M., Assistant GeologistRobert J. Cronk, M.S., Assistant GeologistRaymond S. Shrode, M.S., Assistant Geologist
Clay Resources and Clay Mineral Technology
Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D., Consulting Clay MineralogistW. Arthur White, M.S., Associate GeologistHerbert D. Glass, Ph.D., Associate GeologistRobert S. Roth, Ph.D., Special Assistant GeologistWilliam Johns, B.A., Special Research Assistant
Groundwater Geology and Geophysical Exploration
Frank C. Foley, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadMerlyn B. Buhle, M.S., Associate GeologistRichard F. Fisher, M.S., Assistant GeologistJohn W. Foster, M.S., Assistant GeologistMargaret J. Castle, Assistant Geologic Draftsman
(on leave)Robert D. Knodle, M.S., Assistant Geologist (on leaveJames E. Hackett, Ph.B., Assistant Geologist
Geophysical Research
M. William Pullen, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadRobert B. Johnson, M.S., Research AssistantBennie Ellis, Assistant
Engineering Geology and Topography MappingGeorge E. Ekblaw, Ph.D., Geologist and Head
Stratigraphy and Areal Geology
H. B. Willman, Ph.D., Geologist and HeadL. E. Workman, M.S., Consulting Geologist
J. S. Templeton, Ph.D., GeologistDavid H. Swann, Ph.D., GeologistElwood Atherton, Ph.D., Associate GeologistDonald B. Saxby, M.S., Assistant GeologistT. C. Buschbach, M.S., Research AssistantCharles C. Engel, Technical AssistantJoseph F. Howard, Assistant
Topographic Mapping in Cooperation with the UnitedStates Geological Survey.
This report is a contribution of the Mineral EconomicsSection.
GEOCHEMISTRYReed, Ph.D., Chief ChemistFrank H.
Grace C. Johnson, B.S., Research Assistant
Coal Chemistry
G. R. Yohe, Ph.D., Chemist and HeadRichard H. Organist, B.S., Research AssistantFrancis Scheidt, B.S., Research Assistant
Physical Chemistry
J. S. Machin, Ph.D., Chemist and HeadTin Boo Yee, M.S., M.A., Assistant ChemistFrances H. Staplin, M.A., Research Assistant
Fluorine Che?nistry
G. C. Finger, Ph.D., Chemist and HeadRobert E. Oesterling, B.A., Assistant ChemistJoseph E. Dunbar, B.S., Special Research Assistant
Chemical Engineering
H. W. Jackman, M.S.E., Chemical Engineer and HeadP. W. Henline, M.S., Chemical EngineerB. J. Greenwood, B.S., Mechanical EngineerJames C. McCullough, Research AssociateEarl C. Noble, Technical Assistant 'on leaveRaymond H. Pellum, Technical Assistant
X-RayW. F. Bradley, Ph.D., Chemist and Head
Spectrochemistry
Kenneth B. Thomson, Ph.D., PhysicistR. J. Piersol, Ph.D., Physicist, EmeritusJuanita Witters, M.S., Assistant Physicist
Analytical Chemistry
O. W. Rees, Ph.D., Chemist and HeadL. D. McVicker, B.S., ChemistHoward S. Clark, A.B., ChemistEmile D. Pierron, M.S.. Associate ChemistFrancis A. Coolican, B.S., Assistant ChemistCharles T. Allbright, B.S., Research AssistantJames B. Hostettler, B.S., Research AssistantJenny Wilson, B.S., Research AssistantEvelyn Veazey, B.S., Research AssistantJo Anne Armstrong, B.S., Research AssistantEugene Lange, Technical AssistantGeorge R. James, Technical Assistant
MINERAL ECONOMICSW. H. Voskuil, Ph.D., Mineral EconomistW. L. Busch, A.B., Assistant Mineral EconomistEthel M. King, Research Assistant
EDUCATIONAL EXTENSIONGilbert O. Raasch, Ph.D., Geologist, in ChargeMargaret Hayes, B.S., Research AssistantLouis Unfer, Jr., M.A., Research Assistant
RESEARCH AFFILIATES IN GEOLOGYJ Harlen Bretz, Ph.D., University of ChicagoStanley E. Harris, Jr., Ph.D., Southern Illinois Uni-
versityC. Leland Horberg, Ph.D., University of ChicagoHeinz A. Lowenstam, Ph.D., University of ChicagoWilliam E. Powers, Ph.D., Northwestern UniversityPaul R. Shaffer, Ph.D., University of Illinois
Harold R. Wanless, Ph.D., University of Illinois
J. Marvin Weller, Ph.D., University of Chicago
CONSULTANTSGeology, George W. White, Ph.D., University of Illinois
Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D., University of Illinois
Ceramics, Ralph K. Hursh, B.S., University of Illinois
Mechanical Engineering, Seichi Konzo, M.S., Universityof Illinois
September 7, 1951
GENERAL ADMINISTRATIONLIBRARY
Anne E. Kovanda, B.S., B.L.S., LibrarianRuby D. Frison, Technical Assistant
MINERAL RESOURCE RECORDSVivian Gordon, HeadDorothy Gore, B.S., Research AssistantRuth Warden, B.S., Research AssistantBeverly Solliday, B.S., Research AssistantSarah Haraldsen, Technical AssistantIna C. Johnson, A.B., Technical AssistantMarjorie Martin, B.A., Technical AssistantCharlotte M. Wood, B.A.. Technical Assistant
PUBLICATIONSJane V. Olson, B.A., Associate Technical EditorDorothy E. Rose, B.S., Consulting Technical EditorBarbara A. Zeiders, B.S., Assistant EditorMeredith M. Calkins, Geologic Draftsman
TECHNICAL RECORDSBerenice Reed, Supervisory Technical AssistantMarilyn Swartswalter, B.S., Technical Assistant
GENERAL SCIENTIFIC INFORMATIONDonna M. Builte, Research AssistantGwendolyn Davis, Technical Assistant
OTHER TECHNICAL SERVICESLeslie D. Vaughan, Research AssociateBeulah M. Unfer, Technical AssistantA. W. Gotstein, Research AssociateGlenn G. Poor, Research AssociateGilbert L. Tinberg, Technical AssistantWayne W. Nofftz, Supervisory Technical AssistantRobert M. Fairfield, Technical Assistant
FINANCIAL RECORDSVelda A. Millard, In ChargeLeona B. Kenward, Clerk-Typist IIIFreda D. Shaw. Clerk-Typist I
Maxine Bramel, Clerk-Typist I
Emily Marie Hruska, Clerk-Typist I
CLERICAL SERVICESMary Cecil, Clerk-Stenographer IIIMary M. Sullivan, Clerk-Stenographer IIIEthel M. Henwood, Clerk-Stenographer IILyla Nofftz, Clerk-Stenographer IIReta Watson, Clerk-Stenographer I
Hazel V. Orr, Clerk-Stenographer I
Shirley W. Rice, Clerk-Stenographer I
Barbara J. Boas, Clerk-Stenographer I
Mary J. de Haan, Messenger-Clerk I
AUTOMOTIVE SERVICEGlenn G. Poor, In ChargeRobert O. Ellis, Automotive MechanicEverette Edwards, Automotive Mechanic
September 7, 1951
057TCUryio. lofr
CONTENTSPage
Introduction 9
Acknowledgments 9
Coal 14
Developments in 1950 14
Production in 1950 14
Production by districts 14
Upper Mississippi Valley 24
Eastern Interior basin 24
Cumulative coal production 24
Coal production in Illinois by counties and districts 24
Coal prices 24
Petroleum 32
National production in 1950 32
Illinois production 32
Reserves 32
I mports 32
Oil prices 33
Stone and rock products 39
limestone and dolomite 39
Commercial and noncommercial operations 39
Agstone used in Illinois in 1950 39
Cement 39
Lime 39
Ganister and sandstone 43
Clays and clay products 43
Clays, including fuller's earth 43
Clay products, including silica refractories 46
Refractories 46
Structural clay products 46
Whiteware and pottery 46
Sand and gravel 49
Silica sand 49
Other sand and gravel 49
Silica and tripoli 53
Ground silica 53
Tripoli 53
Fluorspar 54
Fluorspar, the mineral 54
Production in 1950 54
Shipments 54
Consumption 54
Imports 56
Stocks 56
Fluorspar in Illinois 56
Plant food materials. . 57
Potash deliveries 57
ILLUSTRATIONSFigure Page
1
.
Value of annual mineral production in Illinois 13
2. National production of bituminous coal, 1941-1950, compared with the 1935-1939 average pro-
duction 14
3. The six states which produced 84 percent of the nation's bituminous coal in 1949 15
Figure Page
4. Bituminous coal production districts east of the Mississippi River 21
5. Map of Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky coal fields showing the extent of the main mining
districts 26
6. Illinois counties having recorded production of coal, 1882-1950 27
7. Illinois counties having produced 100 million tons of coal, 1882-1950 28
8. United States and Illinois monthly rate of coal production compared, 1950 28
9. Coal freight districts of Illinois 29
10. Average mine value per ton of Illinois coal, 1941-1950, compared with the 1935-1939 average value. 30
11. United States exports of bituminous coal, 1941-1950, compared with the 1935-1939 average ex-
ports 30
12. Degree-day map of Illinois and adjacent region 31
13. Illinois producing oil wells compared with number of well completions, 1936-1950 34
14. New oil pools discovered in Illinois in 1950 35
1 5. Illinois production of crude petroleum, 1905-1950 36
16. Source of United States crude petroleum imports, 1950 36
17. United States exports and imports of crude petroleum, 1940-1950 37
18. United States exports and imports of refined petroleum products, 1940-1950 38
19. Percentage consumption of fluorspar by industries, 1946-1950 55
TABLESTable Page
1. Summary of mineral production of Illinois, sold or used by producers, 1948-1950 10
2. Value of Illinois mineral production, 1914-1950 12
3. National production of bituminous coal, 1941-1950 14
4. Bituminous coal production in the United States, by states, 1946-1950 15
5. Production of bituminous coal, by districts, 1948-1950 16
f>. Production of bituminous coal in the Eastern Interior coal field, 1946-1950 16
7. Illinois coal production by counties, 1882-1950 17
8. Coal production of all Illinois mines by type ot mine and by counties, 1950 18
9. Summary of amount and value of coal produced in Illinois, 1949-1950 20
10. Production of shipping coal mines by freight rate districts in Illinois, 1948-1949 21
1 1
.
Summary of data concerning Illinois coal seams 22
12. Mine coal prices per ton, December 1949-1950 23
13. United States exports of bituminous coal, 1941-1950 24
14. Coke and by-products used or sold by producers in Illinois. 1949-1950 25
15. Sources of coal used for producing coke in Illinois, 1949-1950 26
16. Illinois coal supplied to Illinois and Indiana coke plants, 1946-1950 26
1 7. Production of crude petroleum by states, 1946-1950 32
18. States producing 50 million or more barrels of crude petroleum in 1950 33
1(^. Illinois well completions and production, 1936-1950 33
20. Production of natural gasoline in Illinois and other states, 1949-1950 34
21 . Gasoline consumption in Illinois and the United States, by years, 1946-1950 34
22. Estimates of proved oil reserves in states serving the Illinois area, 1947-1951 34
23. Estimates of natural gas reserves in states serving the Illinois area, 1950-1951 36
24. Crude oil prices 37
25. United States imports of foreign crude petroleum, 1946-1950 38
26. United States exports and imports of refined petroleum products, 1940-1950 38
27. Limestone and dolomite, by uses, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 40
28. Limestone and dolomite, by kinds and by uses, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1950 41
29. Agstone used in Illinois, 1949-1950 42
30. Agstone used in Illinois annually, 1927-1950 43
31. Cement sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 44
32. Lime sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 45
33. Ganister and sandstone sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1946-1950 46
Table Page
34. Clays (including fuller's earth) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, by kinds and by uses,
1949-1950 47
35. Clay products (including silica refractories) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950. . 48
36. Sand (other than silica sand) and gravel sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 50
37. Silica sand sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 52
38. Ground silica sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 53
39. Tripoli ("amorphous" silica) sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1946-1950 53
40. Fluorspar data for the United States, 1946-1950 54
41. Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, by states, 1949-1950 55
42. Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, by uses, 1949-1950 55
43. Consumption of fluorspar (domestic and foreign) in the United States, by industries, 1946-1950. 56
44. United States imports of fluorspar, 1949-1950 56
45. Ten states leading in use of agricultural potash, 1949 58
46. Agricultural potash deliveries in Upper Mississippi Valley states, 1949 58
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
http://archive.org/details/illinoisminerali158vosk
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
WALTER H. VOSKUIL
Illinois' place of distinction in indus-
trial activity in the Upper Mississippi
Valley and the nation rests in no small
part upon its mineral industry. The pri-
mary materials of industrial production
—
fuels and iron ore, the latter from the Lake
Superior district—are available in abun-
dant quantities and are assembled for proc-
essing at a low cost on Lake Michigan
near the large market of Chicago and
smaller cities in the industrial belt. There
are abundant cheaply mined and good qual-
ity coals at points accessible to manufactur-
ing centers. In addition to this, certain
minerals essential to the processing of pri-
mary steel, such as refractory materials and
fluxes, are also present in the area, together
with a variety of mineral products for
foundry, chemical, construction, and other
uses.
This unusual and excellent endowment
in Illinois of industrial, mineral, and agri-
cultural resources offers opportunities for
production and employment that are vir-
tually unmatched elsewhere.
The wide variety of mineral production
in the state and the high rank of Illinois
among the states in the production of sev-
eral of these minerals (see table 1) indi-
cates Illinois' important position as a min-
eral producer.
The mineral industry in Illinois is a
source of materials for a wide range of
economic activities. Coal and oil, the twoleading minerals in value, supply power
and fuel for manufacturing industries, rail
and automobile transportation, and for
mechanical power in agriculture. An abun-
dance of sand, gravel, stone, and cement-
making materials contributes to the needs
of the construction industries. Not only is
Illinois an important producer of minerals,
but it also ranks high as a center for the
processing of mineral raw materials into
primary raw materials for the use of indus-
try.
Minerals for special purposes, such as
refractory clays and clays for pottery mak-ing, silica sand for glass and other special-
ized industries, are produced in important
quantities. Illinois maintains a leading
position in the production of fluorspar, a
mineral which is finding an important place
in the chemical industries. A summary of
the mineral position of Illinois is given in
tables 1 and 2, and figure 1.
Acknowledgments
This report is made possible through the
cooperation of the Bureau of Mines of the
United States Department of the Interior,
the Illinois State Department of Mines andMinerals, and mineral producers through-
out Illinois, who furnished information
regarding their operations.
Special acknowledgment is made to MissEthel M. King, who has assembled the
statistics for the report on stone, sand,
gravel, clay, and clay products, silica andtripoli ; and to W. L. Busch for aid in prep-
aration of the sections on coal, coke, petro-
leum, natural gas, zinc, lead, and fluorspar.
Each section of this report was pre-
pared in close collaboration with the heads
of the several mineral research divisions of
the Illinois State Geological Survey. Spe-
cial assistance and advice were contributed
by G. H. Cady, Senior Geologist and Headof the Coal Division; A. H. Bell, Geologist
and Head of the Oil and Gas Division; J.
E. Lamar, Geologist and Head of the
Industrial Minerals Division; F. H. Reed,
Chief Chemist and Head of the Geochem-istry Section, and G. C. Finger, Chemistand Head of the Fluorspar Division of
that Section.
[9]
Table 1.
—
Summary of Mineral Production of
Material Detail
tableUnit
1948
LineNo.
Quantity
Value at p antsRank among
states
Total Av. Amt. Val.
1 9
17
27,2831
32
33
343435
35
35
37
3636
38
39
41
Tons
Bbls.
M cu. ft
M cu. ft.
Gals.
TonsBbls.
Tons
TonsU
U
Eqv.tons
Tons«
Tons
Tons
Tons«
Troy ozs.
66,167,000
64,808,00014,062,00013,502,000
\ 148,627,000
$256,728,000
179,518,0001,730,0001,108,000
* 13,426,000
$ 3.88
2.77.123
.082
* .09
4
6
16
10
6
4d*12
7
4
1
4
1
2
1
14
14*17
4
2
Petroleum
Crude Oil.. 6
3
45
Natural gas—marketedNatural gas—used in fields.
.
15
8
6 Liquefied petroleum gases ....
Stone, rock products
Limestone and dolomite
*5
7
8
9
18,593,0427,875,758283,090
200
* 195,782,000
23,379,76216,078,4333,000,225
1,000
1.262.0410.605.00
3d* 14
10 *8
11 Canister, sandstone
Clays, clay products
Clays (except fuller's earth) . .
12
13
14 J261,205
262,8711,780,898
42,459,420
1,293,385
8,281,46917,200,53917,924,175
4.95
31.509.66
15
16
Clay products—refractories . .
.
Structural 4
17 Whiteware and pottery
Sand and Grave/
18
19 2,504,5285,738,4029,353,275
44,699,568
4,795,5694,133,6686,059,445
1.91
.72
.65
1
2071
Silica and tripoli
Ground silica
22
1-]
17,596,205
222,827
(e)
14,988,682
1,864,585
(e)
.85
8.37
4
1
24 Tripoli ("amorphous" silica) . .2
25
26
222,827
172,561
12,9803,6954,047
1,864,585
6,322,246
3,452,6801,322,810
3,663
8.37
36.64
266.00358.00
0.905
1
VMetals
14
28 14
29 *17
Annual Mineral Production
30 — 4,779,153 —
31 — * 567,623,654 —
32
Minerals processed, but mostly not
mined in Illinois
Coke produced and by-prod-14
Tons 5,512,78193,229
66,229,000196,916,53724,798,9143,921,816
35.72266.00
44
6
3334
Pigiron produced 44
35 Miscellaneous minerals
Total minerals processed36 — 291,866,267 —
37 Total minerals produced and — *$859,489,921 —
* Revised figures.a Compiled from various sources, as stated in each table. See footnotes for each table.
b Estimated.
Illinois, Sold or Used by Producers , 1948-1 950 a
1949* 1950 c
Quantity
Value at plantsRankamongstates
Quantity
Value at slants Percentchange in
quantityfrom 1949
Percentchange in
value
from 1949
LineNo.
Total Av. Amt Val. Total Av.
47,630,000 $192,426,000 $4.04 4 4 57,282,000 $236,576,000 $4.13 + 20.3 + 22.9 1
64,501,000b 13, 500,000•40,000,000
178,668,000b l, 728, 000b 850,000
2.77b .128b .085
6 6 61,922,000b13,700,000b 12, 000,000
171,524,000b 1,822,000b 1,080,000
2.77b .133b .090
- 4.0+ 1.5
+ 20.0
- 4.0+ 5.0
+ 27.0
2
3
4
135,147,000 b7, 298,000 b .054 7 129,701,000 b 6,615,000 b .051 - 4.0 - 9.05
6
— 188,544,000 — — 181,041,000 — — - 4.0 7
17,300,1308,200,148
276,161830
21,328,69917,340,7823,197,890
9,378
1.232.1111.5811.30
3
7
3
7
18,027,6928,145,885367,485
4,081
21,762,65517,810,4174,465,413
11,781
1.21
2.1912.152.89
+ 4.2- 0.7
+ 33.1
+391.7
+ 2.0+ 2.7
+ 39.6
+ 25.6
8
9
10
11
— 41,876,749 — — 44,050,266 — — + 5.2 12
210,294 994,751 4.73 4237,957 1,178,017 4.95 + 13.2 + 18.4 13
14
214,2771,481,850
7,622,04715,077,84014,381,373
35.5710.18
253,0531,782,170
9,227,64818,707,75520,019,908
36.4610.50
+ 18.1
+ 20.3+ 21.1
+ 24.1
+ 39.2
15
16
17
— 38,076,011 — — 49,133,328 — — + 29.0 18
1,990,1226,767,4068,510,918
4,138,3365,007,3635,516,198
2.08.74
.65
1
4
1
3
2,322,6576,693,3708,665,421
4,958,3005,097,1665,888,906
2.13.76
.68
+ 16.7- 1.1
+ 1.8
+ 19.8
+ 1.9
+ 6.8
19
2021
17,268,446 14,661,897 .85 17,681,448 15,944,372 .91 + 2.4 + 8.7 22
217,577
(e)
1,887,145
(e)
8.67 1
2
1
2
263,122
(e)
2,278,237
(e)
8.66 + 20.9 + 20.7 2324
217,577 1,887,145 8.67 263,122 2,278,237 8.66 + 20.9 + 20.7 25
120,881 4,621,733 38.23 1 1 154,623 6,110,765 39.52 + 28.0 + 32.2 26
18,1573,8243,128
4,502,9361,208,384
2,831
248.00316.00
0.905
13
13
17
13
13
17
b 24,000b 3,000b 1,800
b 6,672,000b 750,000b 1,629
b278.00b250.00b 0.905
+ 32.0- 22.0- 42.0
+ 48.0- 38.0- 42.0
2728
29
— 5,714,151 — — 7,423,629 — — + 29.9 30
— 487,807,686 — — 542,557,597 — — + 11.2 31
4,912,81086,823
62,253,000204,815,04921,532,1045,051,666
41.69248.00
44
6
44
» 5,893,600>> 109,000
69,619,000b265,212,000b 28,340,000
6,652,589
b 45.00b260.00
+ 20.0
+ 26.0
+ 12.0
+ 30.0+ 32.0+ 31.7
32333435
293,651,819 — — 369,823,589 — — + 26.0 36
~1
$781,459,505 — — $912,381,186 — — + 16.8 37
c Subject to revision.d Rank among districts.e As there were less than three producers, production figures cannot be shown without revealing individual operations.
12 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
Table 2.
—
Value of Illinois Mineral Production, 1914—1950 :
(Thousands of dollars)
YearMineral
production
Mineralsprocessed, but
mostly not mined,in Illinois
Totalminerals producedand processed
1914 $117,166114,446
146,360234,736271,244213,701373,926
254,019244,618282,761235,796231,658
237,242180,394188,099182,791148,311
108,06671,69374,83789,21296,484
117,916133,437130,155215,157287,327
333,225341,835337,912342,832344,267
379,673458,734*567,624*487,808542,557
$ 44,84382,871
130,082144,754149,74095,077137,228
54,13685,820142,13195,506118,702
119,642105,099110,622125,51689,303
52,01424,38534,78641,40557,038
78,693104,35950,48286,324114,814
168,338199,281221,939206,833193,658
183,491264,652291,866*293,652369,824
$162,009197,31715
1916 276,44217 379,49018 420,984
19 308,778
20 511,154
1921 308,155
22 330,438
23 424,892
24 331,302
25 350,360
1 926 356,884
27 285,493
28 298,721
29 308,307237,614
1931 160,080
32 96,078109,623
34 130,617153,522
196,609
37 237,796180,637
39 301,481402,141
1941 501,563
42 541,116559,851
44 549,666
45 537,925
563,164
47 723,386*859,490
49 *781,460912,381
Revised figures.
Compiled from following sources:
For years 1914— 1922, incl. — U. S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of United States.
1923—1931, " — U. S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Resources of United States.
1932— 1938, " — U. S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbooks.1939—1950, " — Summary of canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U.
Mines, and from Minerals Yearbooks.S. Bureau
950
900
850
800
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
i
I
1
1
?!i\
'
iii \i
V1 i
A /k
/ \ /\
i
/ \ i
/ \//
V1 / 1 Vf i
,\ i ! *r--MINERA _S PROt)UCED'! AND PR J
/ 1 1
1
;
1
'\ r*. /
' ''i !
' \f
/ |j 1'/
I i\ r \ A1
. 1 \
i A 1\
/\ 1
\
'/
\
I 4/ /
/ /r / / /
J i' /
1 MINERAL ^ \ l1 PRODUCTION »-\ 1
***
\\ i
_i—i i i
—
Y~7
1914 '15 '20 '25 '30 '35 '40 '45 '50
Fig. 1.— Value of annual mineral production in Illinois.
14 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
COAL
Developments in 1950
In the latter part of 1950 new rail-to-
water coal-handling equipment was put
into operation by Rail to Water Transfer
Corp. in Chicago's south-side lake port dis-
trict. This is an important addition to Chi-
cago's port facilities in expediting the move-
ment of midwestern coals to northern lake
ports of Canada, Minnesota, Wisconsin,
and Michigan. The new machine can
load coal into ships up to the rate of 2,200
tons per hour. Annual tonnage at the dock
runs to some 2,500,000 tons.
Rail to Water Transfer Corp. is owned
by 28 coal mining companies and shippers
dealing exclusively in midwestern coals.
Bituminous Coal Research has reported
progress on development of the coal-fired
gas turbines for locomotive use. Research
on this type of prime mover has reached the
stage of testing in service.
Coal consumption by railroads dropped
off with the further installation of oil-
burning diesel locomotives. The change
from 1941 to 1949 to 1950 in use of coal
was as follows:
1941— 107,584,000 tons of coal
1949— 66,920,000 tons of coal
1950— 65,865,000 tons of coal
Production in 1950
The record of coal production through a
ten-year period of both war and peace is
reported in table 3. Production in 1950, of
512 million tons, is practically the same as
1941, of 514 million tons, although the
Federal Reserve Board Index of production
was 22.2 percent higher in 1950 than 1941.
Meanwhile, average mine output during
the decade ending in 1950, which included
the war years, was 560 million tons. This
is 9.4 percent above the output of 1950.
P 500 iliilliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Fig. 2.—National production of bituminouscoal, 1941—1950, compared with the
1935-1939 average production.
Production by Districts
Coal production by districts is shown in
table 5 for three years. Of particular inter-
est are districts east of the Mississippi
River which produce more than 90 percent
of the bituminous coal output. Although
competition among producing districts in
price areas is keen, there is a certain degree
of market specialization among the several
districts, based mainly on the characteris-
tics of the coal.
Table 3.—National Production of Bituminous Coal, 1941-1950*
(Thousands of tons)
Year AmountPercent
of changeby years
Year AmountPercentof changeby years
1941
19421943 ....
514,149582,693590,177619,576577,617
+ 13.3
+ 1.3
+ 5.0- 6.8
194619471948
*1949b1950
533,922630,624599,518437,868512,000
- 7.64- 18.1- 4.9
19441945
- 27.0+ 17.0
* Revised figures.
"Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.h Preliminary figures.
COAL 15
Districts 2, 7, and 8 (fig. 4) supply cok-
ing coal for the blast furnaces and also a
high percentage of fuel used for domestic
heating. These two markets are, in a
sense, complementary. Coal suitable for
coking is also excellent for domestic fuel.
The small sizes and screenings are used by
the coking market, and the prepared sizes
find a ready outlet as domestic fuel over a
large area.
Districts 3, 4, 6, and 9 (fig. 4) market
one-third or more of their output as rail-
road fuel, and the remaining districts dis-
tribute their output among manufacturing
Fig. 3.—The six states which produced 84%of the nation's bituminous coal in 1949.
industries, utilities, railroads, and retail
yards.
Table 4.
—
Bituminous Coal Production in the United States by States, 1946-1950"
(Thousands of tons)
State
AlabamaAlaskaArkansasColoradoIllinois
IndianaIowaKansasKentuckyMaryland
MissouriMontanaNew MexicoNorth DakotaOhio
OklahomaPennsylvaniaTennesseeTexasUtah
Virginia
WashingtonWest Virginia
WyomingOther States
Total
1946 1947 1948 1949 H 1950 1
16,183367
1,631
5,91463,469
21,6971,7882,493
66,5532,003
3,7333,7231,2802,555
32,314
2,647125,497
5,61856
5,994
15,527991
144,0207,635
234
533,922
19,048361
1,871
6,35867,860
25,4491,6842,745
84,2412,051
4,2363,1781,4432,760
37,548
3,421147,0796,258
61
7,429
20,1711,118
176,1578,051
46
630,624
18,801408
1,6625,631
65,342
23,8491,6702,53882,0841,661
4,0222,8981,3642,961
38,708
3,462134,5426,483
57
6,813
17,9991,220
168,8626,412
69
12,934434962
4,63647,208
16,5501,7252,031
62,583668
3,6472,7661,0042,967
30,961
3,02289,2154,172
496,160
14,584899
122,6106,001
80
599,518 437,868
15,130393
1,0164,28555,346
20,3701,9001,722
77,900500
3,0882,466
667c3,22036,946
3,050102,5005,100
206,340
17,700872
145,5655,860
44
512,000
* Revised figures.a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.b Preliminary figures.e Includes South Dakota for 1950.
16 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
Table 5.
—
Production of Bituminous Coal by Districts, 1948—1950 a
(Thousands of tons)
1948 1949* 1950 b
District
Amount Percentof total
Amount Percentof total
Amount Percentof total
1. Eastern Pennsylvania2. Western Pennsylvania
3. Northern West Virginia
4. Ohio.5. Michigan \
6. Panhandle j'
'
1. Southern Numbered 1
8. Southern Numbered 2
9. West Kentucky
60,04677,21547,70638,708
4,754
60,483137,70622,39765,34223,8491,670
20,159
560,035
599,518
10.012.98.06.4
0.8
10.1
23.03.710.94.00.33.3
93.4
39,65950,65236,92030,961
3,707
41,508102,69518,02947,20816,5501,725
13,638
403,252
437,868
9.111.68.47.1
0.8
9.523.44.1
10.8
3.80.43.1
92.1
46,25457,42640,93336,946
4,220
50,342127,09622,00055,34620,3701,90016,168
479,001
512,000
9.011.28.07.2
0.8
9.824.84.3
10. Illinois . 10.8
11. Indiana 4.012. Iowa 0.413. Southeastern 3.2
Total—All Eastern Districts . .
Percent of U. S. Total
Total—United States
93.5
* Revised figures.a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.h Preliminary figures.
Table 6.
—
Production of Bituminous Coal in the Eastern Interior Coal Field,1946-1950 a
(Thousands of tons)
* Revised figures.a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.b Percent of total in Eastern Interior Coal Field.e Preliminary figures.
Year
Illinois Indiana West Kentucky
Total
Amount Percent b Amount Percent b Amount Percent b
1946 63,46967,86065,34247,20855,346
62.058.858.557.756.6
21,69725,44923,84916,55020,370
21.222.021.420.320.9
17,21122,18222,39718,02922,000
16.8
19.220.1
22.022.5
102,377
1947 115,491
1948 111,5881949* 81,787
1959 c 97,716
COAL 17
Table 7.
—
Illinois Coal Production by Counties, 1882-1950'
(In tons)
County Production Countv
Adams 46,186Bond 7,355,569Brown 57,324Bureau 48,274,097Calhoun 96,247
Cass 212,477Christian 185,382,537Clinton 37,648,217Coles 198,932Crawford 44,786
Douglas 331,460Edgar 898,955Effingham 796Franklin. 445,261,090Fulton 151,114,911
Gallatin 4,131,116Greene 621,697Grundy 40,066,536Hamilton 22,097Hancock 532,418
Hardin 40Henry 19,346,863Jackson 77,109,103Jasper 23,739Jefferson 6,548,215
Jersey 119,960Johnson 242,109Kankakee 2,304,119Knox -. 22,037,308LaSalle 65,451,192
Livingston 10,085,742Logan 14,085,371Macon 11,000,468Macoupin 255,340,335McDonough 2,634,755
McLean 5,544,139Madison 152,697,525Marion 38,352,203Marshall 12,515,631Menard 13,273,298
Production
Mercer 14,997,932Monroe 8,284Montgomery 77,860,091Morgan 190,523Moultrie 2,032,236
Peoria 64,150,659Perry 144,732,902Pike 5,081Pope 1,562Putnam 10,071,893
Randolph 61,640,014Richland 154
Rock Island 3,846,169St. Clair 209,332,133Saline 176,249,598
Sangamon 231,271,073Schuyler 2,842,687Scott 612,476Shelby 4,119,763Stark 1,226,502
Tazewell 17,522,855Vermilion 146,264,328Wabash 186,144Warren 679,794Washington 17,660,726
White 1,676,741Will 35,860,403Williamson 276,899,752Woodford 7,807,621
Total (1882-1950) 3,140,759,659
Estimated production(1833-1881) 73,386,123
Total production(1833-1950) 3,214,145,782
a Source: Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals
18 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
Table 8.
—
Coal Production of All Illinois
(In
County
Shipping Mines
Numberof mines
Tons minedunderground
Tons minedstrip
Total tons
mined
BrownBureauChristian. .
.
Clinton
Douglas
EdgarFranklin ....
Fulton
Gallatin
Greene
GrundyHancockHenryJacksonJefferson
JerseyKankakee. . .
KnoxLaSalle
Livingston . .
Logan ......
Macoupin . . .
MadisonMarionMarshall
MenardMercerMontgomeryMorganPeoria
PerryRandolph. .
St. Clair. . . .
Saline
Sangamon. . .
Schuyler. .
ShelbyStarkTazewellVermilion. .
Warren. . . .
Washington
.
Will
Williamson.Woodford . .
Total. .
11
11
2
2
44
149
,375,600247,33190,479
9,154,688106,08162,139
154,237455,961499,042
19.617
3,301,3081,260,558226,531
746,046
340,526
1,926,346598,511
2,044,1403,414,3341,284,455
19,903
3,559,959
37,887,792
5,730,881
40,446692,523711,752
355,3331,219,193
2,984,8281,073,177754,182355,888
553,719
920,4111,076,793
16,469,126
8,375,600247,33190,479
9,154,6885,836,962
62,139
40,446846,760
1,167,713499,042
355,3331,238,810
3,301,3081,260,558226,531
746,046
340,526
4,911,1741,671,6882,798,3223,770,2221,284,455
553.719
19,903920,411
4,636,752
54,356,918
"Source: Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals
COAL 19
Mines by Type of Mine and by Counties, 1950'
tons)
Local mines County totals
Number Tons mined Tons mined Total tons Number Total tons Percent of
of mines underground strip mined of mines mined state total
1 207 207 1 207 —2 — 31,113 31,113 2 31,113 .05— — — — 5 8,375,600 14.62— — — — 2 247,331 .43— — — —
1 90,479 .16
1 18,411 18,411 1 18,411 .03— — — — 11 9,154,688 15.98
25 153,697 100,120 253,817 36 6,090,779 10.63
9 9,019 — 9,019 11 71,158 .12
1 — 930 930 1 930 —
2 7,990 37,218 45,208 2 45,208 .08— —
.
— — 1 40,446 .07
2 20,188 — 20,188 5 866,948 1.51
7 37,151 3,426 40,577 15 1,208,290 2.11— — — — 2 499,042 .87
1 660 660 1 660— — — — 1 355,333 .62
1 93,082 — 93,082 4 1,331,892 2.3311 21,007 23,730 44,737 11 44,737 .08
2 — 7,267 7,267 2 7,267 .01
1 49,920 49,920 1 49,920 .09— — — — 9 3,301,308 5.766 229,087 — 229,087 10 1,489,645 2.60— — •
—
—1 226,531 .39
4 1,044 1,103 2,147 4 2,147 —
5 31,584 31,584 5 31,584 .06
2 900 2,844 3,744 2 3,744 .01— — — —1 746,046 1 . 30
2 — 9,069 9,069 2 9,069 .02
34 236,657 61,549 298,206 35 638,732 1.12
3 12,171 12,171 11 4,923,345 8.603 17,733 — 17,733 6 1,689,421 2.9513 139,194 802,720 941,914 22 3,740,236 6.538 46,727 — 46,727 19 3,816,949 6.665 213,957 — 213,957 8 1,498,412 2.62
10 20,434 25,987 46,421 10 46,421 .08
1 16 — 16 1 16 —1 120 — 120 1 120 —2 73,714 — 73,714 2 73,714 .13
19 149,489 56,125 205,614 21 759,333 1.33
1 2,996 2,996 1 2,9962 21,163 — 21,163 3 41,066 .07— — — — 2 920,411 1.61
13 132,751 7,272 140,023 57 4,776,775 8.341 13,843 " 13,843 1 13,843
(Other)
.02
.01
201 1,754,045 1,171,340 2,925,385 350 57,282,303 100.00
20 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
a
U -
3-° r^ oo W> NO * o u->-3 0^ rH CO U-> r- Tt" CN r^ COrt <u ©OO oo rf CN r^ w-i> C
>"sOO Tt< CN no r- CO NO -*NO t-» ^~> NO CO ^=
«s «*CN T3
^s W-l W) O Tf VO oc 2 r- O oo — © CN o
oo cN © NO CO ON oCN CO NO NO o
<U oflu
"
oON
NO O NO CN vo l> COco -Q (N Tf no ON rf CO oC <U i-i CO ^ r- o OO COo <->
4-. 3 ON ^H o r- Tf ,_ CN4^T3 no r- *f oo u-> -* ooCU O <* <-< SO oo r^ NO CN
£ a NO —
<
r- r- *-h ON r*1-1 "* CO CO lO
oI- 'V.
ON Tf CO or^ r-- O§-1
CO no o — CO •* u~\
CN CO
i
Zo
8J r^ On NO Tf NC o NOw-> o no CN CO NO CN s"rt K oo >-o CO OO o Tf
a. u> C ^ ^ no on r- NO CN ^>"i
LO w-i CN CO o> «A
< *. tW.
cd
'Bc- lO Tt< ON <-n scOS CO CN O NC r^
<u _ NO CNCN
ONCN
r^ co o 8-J o —
i
Qh ^oON
1—
I
O CN 1 CN P«, _4 oo o2 TJ OO CN O CO Tf r^ ooC <u ON CN CN NO W-1 COO uii 3 wr> vO CN NO —
<
oo o4-.T3 CO -H w-i CO * r-« CO<U O OO —
<
ON on r-- NO NO
S5* cn^ CO i—i i—
i
CO r^""' CO CO Tt-
«*,oJ- on
<-0 CO oo cn r> ON f*
1'iTt< T^ oc —
1 CO -* COCN c~
i
^
jj
c
Et*.
<u
Go
-J.
u
s13
4-
c
4->
ua
1 gg) R3 bp
g.S *rc
-cc 1
"5&g _1?c/n>_
4-
c—1- OB
1 'EC*)*-
-
>1 c/5 o <
Q"« °
2*c %
2 COs
"^"O^ 2"!
"o S2 e/a m.S o .*p-Sp >-
u ^"o.§
o « « t.
oo>D3CL,
COAL 21
Fig. 4.—Bituminous coal production districts east
of the Mississippi River.
Table 10.
—
Production of Shipping Coal Mines by Freight RateDistricts in Illinois, 1948-1949 a
>b
District
1948
TonsPercentof total
1949
TonsPercentof total
AlphaAugustaBelleville
Centralia
Danville
DuquoinFulton-Peoria. . . .
Mineral-AtkinsonMurdockNorthern Illinois.
Rushville
Southern Illinois.
Springfield
Victoria
Other
Total
88,351
8,559,061701,810153,994
3,356,5267,441,279694,720114,311
1,914,925127,308
22,558,84516,155,656
606,59721.029
62,494,412
0.1
13.71.1
0.25.411.91.1
0.23.1
0.236.125.91.0
100.0
111,80453,727
6,523,019150,629471,179
2,328,0095,416,449488,64475,953
1,200,42419,214
15,815,30611,750,655
364,0533,552
44,772,617
0.30.1
14.5
0.41.1
5.212.1
1.1
0.22.7
35.326.20.8
100.0
a Source: Illinois Dept. of Mines and Minerals for tonnage figures; freight rate districts from Illinois GeologicalSurvey Coal Map, 1947, by G. H. Cady.
b Subject to revision.
22 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
h-OvOCS ^w-i r- 0\(M^M r^- cn oo ©
« ^O CO wi t-i O io ^ OO COCO ^t^^ON CN vo
rO
sC vO COCN r-i
r^-*
lOlHHVfl CO>
COr- rt* CN CO <—
'
<*1 CN r-
CN —< MOs CN
,-H Tf sC
XvDvDh _X co r- CO rf CO CN oo r-- Tf
CN CN OOvMCN OS 1 CN TfCO --> lOC^OMjv
1 t""-
CO CN \D COCN CO
«- CO CN CN rf ^H
<u
£3
OJ VO oo co CO CO O vO .y, OO OS-H CO
CN> — ^ C w-> O ""f —* CN
£ o r- CO CO CN c '"H!
^O
z «*. CN n 1^o e ^
s CO o
cto
Cfl_c
3 8£fN 1 1 ^
E LOo £ 3CN 1 CNU
i5CO rf" £ 1
"""*
^CDOs vC
o — W-i r-~ vo vo co r-- cn sc CN
r£ — cn CN — — >sC
CO CO
co
— w> CN oo
SO O d 1 coi* oc i
-CN CN
/.
Co
cCO
-acrtCO
3O_cJc
co
.. £ <Jbi •* 8 3
<-•— (/
"3ID
al«8
-aoa,
O#0J O ° ^ > "rt
<u C a.
-Q 3 C ^£ &? t ,°
EcoQcoc/"V. M s
Table 12.—Coal Mine Prices per Ton, December 1949-1950' 1
Southern Illinois: Freight 11,
Lump, Furnace ....
Egg, Stove ........
Stoker (domestic) . .
Stoker (commercial)
Screenings (washed)
Central Illinois: Freight
Lump, EggStokerScreenings (regular)
Belleville Illinois: Freight.
Lump, EggNutStoker (domestic) . .
Stoker (commercial)
Screenings
Indiana No. 4: Freight
Lump, Egg.StokerScreenings.
.
Indiana No. 5: Freight
Lump, EgcStoker. . .
.
Screenings
.
West Kentucky No. 6 (washed): Freight.
Stoker (domestic) . .
Stoker (commercial)
Screenings
West Kentucky No. 9 (washed): Freight.
LumpEggNutStoker (domestic) . .
Stoker (commercial)
Screenings
West Kentucky No. 11 (washed): Freight.
EggStoker (domestic) . .
Stoker (commercial)
Screenings
New River and Pocahontas: Freight.
Lump, Egg, Stove.
NutPeaMine run
E. Kentucky, W. Virginia High Volatile: Freight
BlockFurnaceEggStoker (domestic) . .
Stoker (commercial)
1949
$2.97
5.25 — 5.505.00 — 5.255.75 — 5.904.75 — 5.254.90 — 5.00
#2.64
4.85 — 5.054.50 — 4.903.75 — 4.20
$2.51 —#2.64
4.855.50
4.25 — 4.50
$2.51 —$2.81
4.50 — 4.754.25 — 4.75
3.75
$3.30
5.80 — 5.955.15 — 5.30
4.95
$3.30
4.604.504.35
4.00 — 4.15
$3.30
4.504.75 — 4.904.50 — 4.654.00 — 4.15
$4.44
7.75 — 8.257.00 — 7.257.00 — 7.257.25 — 7.60
#4.25
7.10—8.256.60 — 7.756.05 — 7.757.25 — 9.006.25 — 7.25
1950
$2.97
5.55
5.90
5 . 605.306.105.155.15
#2.64
4.75 — 4.954.50 — 4.70
4.00
$2.86
4.50 — 4.754.50
4.65 — 4.904.50 — 4.80
4.00
$2.51 —$2.64
5.005.25
5.505.504.25
$2.51 —#2.81
4.25 — 6.004.50 — 6.004.25 — 4.50
$3.30
6.055.505.50
$3.30
4.25
4.704.604.354.854.254.25
$3.30
4.25
4.605.004.504.25
$4.44
7.75 — 8.506.75 — 7.257.00 — 7.757.50 — 7.75
#4.25
7.00 — 7.756.60 — 7.356.00 — 7.007.25 — 8.25
6.50
a Source: Chicago Journal of Commerce.h Freight rates to Chicago, per ton. Add 4 cents per ton federal transportation tax. Freight rates as of December.
24 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
Table 13.
—
United States Exports of Bitumi-
nous Coal, 1941-1950 a
(Thousands of tons)
Year Amount Year Amount
1941
19421943
19441945
20,740.522,943.325,836.226,032.327,956.2
19461947194819491950 1 '
41,208.668,667.045,930.127,842.125,468.4
a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mine*.h Preliminary figures.
Upper .Mississippi Valley
The Upper Mississippi Valley coal mar-
ket area includes Illinois. Indiana, Wis
consin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, the
eastern Dakotas, and Kansas. The coal
marketed in this area comes from the East-
ern Interior coal field in the states of Illi-
nois, Indiana, and western Kentucky, and
from the Appalachian districts of Penn-
sylvania, West Virginia, eastern Kentucky,
and Ohio. Coal is distributed by rail, rail-
lake, rail-river, and truck.
The coal requirements of the Upper
Mississippi Valley include fuel for domes-
tic heating, fuel for general industrial pur-
poses, fuel for rail transportation, and coal
for the manufacture of metallurgical coke.
Competitive conditions for the several pro-
ducing districts in the Appalachian fields
and in the Eastern Interior districts of
Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky
vary from the keenly competitive industrial
and railroad fuel markets to the less com-
petitive domestic fuel trade and by-prod-
uct coal market.
Eastern Interior Basin
Table 6 shows coal production in the
Eastern Interior coal basin for the years
1946-50 inclusive. The production history
of three competitive districts in Illinois,
Indiana, and western Kentucky and the
contribution of each to the total produc-
tion of the Eastern Interior basin from 1913
to 1942 are shown in table 4 of "Illinois
Mineral Industry in 1942." 1
Cumulative Coal Production
Table 7 gives cumulative coal produc-
tion for Illinois, by counties, for the period
1882-1950, as compiled from the annual
Coal Reports of the Department of Mines
and Minerals, with an estimate of produc-
tion for the period 1833—1881. Sixty-nine
counties have a recorded production during
this period. Eleven of these counties pro-
duced more than 100 million tons each,
the highest recorded production being from
Franklin County with a total of 445,261,-
090 tons. (A history of coal production by
counties and by years was published in
"Illinois Mineral Industrv in 1947," 2 table
14, pp. 26-37.)
Coal Production in Illinois by
Counties and Districts
Forty-five Illinois counties, grouped into
14 freight rate districts, produced coal in
1950 (table 8). Thirteen of the 45 coun-
ties produced one million tons or more and
account for 89.7 percent of the output of
the state. Production by shipping coal
mines by freight rate districts is shown in
tab'e 10. alues increased from 1949
to 1950. In 1949, the average value of
coal at the mine was $4.04, as compared
with $4.13 in 1950. The total value of
output increased from $192,426,700 to
$236,575,900 (table 9).
Coal Prices
Representative coal prices for Illinois
and Indiana mining districts and for dis-
tricts in the Appalachian province, which
are the principal suppliers of the Illinois
coal market area, are given in table 12.
Average prices of coal per ton at the mine
in the United States are shown in figure 10.
1 Voskuil, Walter H., Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv.
94, i(m.
- Vorkuil, Walter H., Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv.
140, 1949.
COAL 25
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a a^d ^t) o>^ >^ U, U U l~
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I) 1) D U l) U_^ ^ _Lii ^ ^ J^o o o o o oUUUUUU
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26 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
Table 15.
—
Sources of Coal Used for Produc-ing Coke in Illinois, 1949-1950 a
Tons of coal
1949 1950
Arkansas 4,833274,03378,283
1,784,1401,451
29,6521,149
72,4082,172,580
243Illinois
Indiana
KentuckyOklahomaPennsylvaniaTennesseeVirginia
West Virginia
437,925
2,229,818
70,56524,855123,744
2,430,447
Total 4,418,529 5,317,597
Table 16.
—
Illinois Coal Supplied to Illinoisand Indiana Coke Plants, 1946-1950 a
(In tons)
To ToYear Illinois Indiana Total
plants plants
1946 214,545 176,205 390,7501947 226,873 225,907 452,7801948 261,338 344,153 605,4911949 274,033 256,661 530,6941950 437,925 128,375 566,300
a Sour U. S. Bureau of Mi
Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.
sIOWA
j ILLINOIS \l
i
INDIANA '
7>>^ 1
m 1
YyyA. '
^ fnP m i
MISSOURI \ if
\ \r
%W\vfj B^\, KENTUCKY
" If~,—
Fig. 5.—Map of Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky coal field*
showing (in black) the extent of the main mining districts.
COAL 27
Counties havingrecorded production1882-1950
*mCounties having production \\ \&p-in 1950
Fig. 6.—Illinois counties having recorded production of coal, 1882-1950.
28 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
Fig. 7.
—
Illinois counties having produced100 million tons of coal, 1882-1950.
Fig. 8.—United States and Illinois monthly rate
of coal production compared, 1950.
COAL 29
Fig. 9.—Coal freight districts of Illinois.
30 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
AVERAGE MINE VALUE PER TON- DOLLARS
o
Fig. 10.—Average mine value per ton of
Illinois coal, 1941-1950, compared with
the 1935-1939 average value.
Fig. 11.—United States exports of bituminous
coal, 1941-1950, compared with the
193 5-1939 average exports.
COAL 31
Fig. 12.—Degree-day map of Illinois and adjacent region showing cumulative averagedegree-days (based on data through 1941). Degree-days are the number of
degrees of temperature that the average daily temperature falls below65° F. totaled for the heating season.
32 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
PETROLEUM
National Production in 1950
In 1950, crude oil production in the
United States increased to 1,971,845,000
barrels from the 1949 production of 1,841,-
940,000 barrels. However, the high mark
of the domestic industry was set in 1948
when over 2,000,000,000 barrels was pro-
duced (table 17).
Illinois Production
Illinois production declined from 64,501,-
000 barrels in 1949 to 61,922,000 barrels
in 1950, although the state continues to
hold sixth place among the oil-producing
states of the country. Table 19 shows thar
recent declines in Illinois production have
developed in spite of the increased number
of well completions.
A history of oil production and drilling
activity for the period since the new fields
were discovered is also given in table 19.
The new fields discovered in 1950 are
shown in figure 14, and Illinois production
from 1905 to 1950 is shown graphically in
figure 15. The sharp rise reflects the open-
ing of the Illinois basin fields in 1936.
Reserves
Estimates of proved crude oil reserves
have again increased in 1950 due to newdiscoveries and extensions, as well as revi-
sions of previous estimates (table 22).
Imports
Crude oil is imported into the United
States mainly from South America (fig. 16
Table 17.
—
Production of Crude Petroleum, by Staphs, 1946-1950'
(Thousands of barrels)
State
AlabamaArkansasCalifornia
ColoradoFlorida
Illinois
IndianaKansasKentuckyLouisiana
MichiganMississippi
MontanaNebraskaNew Mexico
New YorkOhioOklahomaPennsylvaniaTexas
Utah.......West Virginia
WyomingOther States
Total . .:....
1946
38028,375
314,71311,856
57
75,2976,726
97,21810,578
143,669
17,07424,2988,825
29336,814
4,8632,908
134,79412,996
760,215
2,92938,977
84
1,733,939
1947
39629,948
333,13215,702
259
66,4596,095
105,1329,397
160,128
16,21534,9258,742
22940,926
4,7623,108
141,01912,690
820,210
2,61744,772
124
1,856,987
1948
46631,682
340,07417,862
290
64,8086,974
110,9088,801
181,458
16,871
45,7619,382
215
47,969
4,621
3,600154,45512,667
903,498
16
2,69255,032
83
2,020,185
1949*
46229,986
332,94223,587
441
64,5019,696
101,8688,801
190,826
16,51737,9669,118
33047,645
4,4253,483
151,66011,374
744,834
637
2,83947,890
110
I950 b
73531,108
327,62723,353
487
61,9229,942
107,58610,301
209,116
15,811
38,2588,1121,547
48,001
4,1433,333
164,89911,812
829,231
1,2082,788
60,45768
1,841,940 1.971,845
* Revised figures.a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.b Preliminary figures.
PETROLEUM 33
and table 25). Venezuela is the largest
contributor, followed by Colombia. Imports
of oil from Curacao and Aruba are re-
exports of crude oil originating in Vene-
zuela. Of particular interest is the recent
rise in shipments from the Persian Gulf
area, especially from the small principality
of Kuwait.
Oil Prices
Crude oil prices for the Illinois, Indiana,
Kentucky, and Ohio area, as recorded in
table 24, remain unchanged from those of
a year earlier.
Table 18.
—
States Producing 50 Million orMore Barrels of Crude Petroleum in 1950 r
State
Production(thousandsof barrels)
Percent
of U. S.
total
TexasCalifornia
829,231327,627209,116164,899107,58661,92260,457
42.116.6
LouisianaOklahomaKansasIllinois
Wyoming
10.6
8.45.5
3.23.1
Total 1,760,838 89.5
a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Table 19.
—
Illinois Wisll Completions and Production, 1936—1950 a
Year Completions' 1Producing
wells
Production (thousands of barrels)
New fields ° Old fields c,
d Total e
1936 93449
2,5363,6173,755
3,8072,0171,791
1,991
1,763
2,3622,0462,4892,7412,894
52292
2,0102,9703,080
2,9251,179•1,090(20)1,229 (12)
1,094(15)
1,387 (17)
1,102(22)1,316 (21)
1,447 (32)
1,328 (23)
2,88419,771
90,908142,969
128,993101,83777,58172,94670,839
70,17461,45559,62358,57155,688
4,5424,3044,0044,678
5,1454,7534,6754,4674,371
5,1235,0045,1855,9306,234
4,4451937 7,4261938
19391940
1941
24,07594,912147,647
134,1381942 106,5901943 82,2561944 77,4131945
194619471948
75,210
75,29766,45964,808
1949* 64,5011950« 61,922
* Revised figures.a Source: Illinois State Geological Survey.b Includes only oil and gas producers and dry holes.c Production figures based on information furnished by oil companies and pipe line companies.d Includes Devonian production at Sandoval and Bartelso.e From the U. S. Bureau of Mines.f Figures in parenthesis refer to number of producing wells included in total which bad previously been completed
as dry holes.» Preliminary figures.
34 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
4 000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
-
—Y Completions
/ /
/
J/
\ \\ \\ V
•
If
1
1
y— Producing
L -^wells ---
11
1
Si-
Fig. 13.—Illinois producing oil wells comparedwith number of well completions, 1936-1950.
Table 20.
—
Production of Natural Gasolinein Illinois and Other States, 1949-1950 a
(Thousands of gallons)
State 1949 1950Percent
changefrom 1949
Illinois 135,147 129,701153,84375,1833,2834,326
616,823
- 4.0KansasKentuckyMichiganOhio?Oklahoma
111,18868,0543,6285,160
524,398
4 38.44- 10.5
9.5- 16.24- 17.6
Total 847,575 983,159 + 16.0
a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Table 21.
—
Gasoline Consumption in Illinois and the United States by Years, 1946-1950 a
(Thousands of gallons^
1946 1947 1948 1949* 1950 b
Illinois total 1,643,91930,076,662
1,810,447 1,970,90432,732,722 35,519,670
2,089,19437,515,278
2,279,60840,613,400United States total
Percent of U. S. total consumed in Illinois in 1950 5.6
* Revised figures.u Source: American Petroleum Institute.11 Preliminary figures.
Table 22.
—
Estimates of Proved Oil Reserves in States Serving theIllinois Area, 1947-1951''
(Millions of barrels)
State 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951
Illinois
KansasLouisiana
351
545
1,652543898
11,646589
355563
1,791530953
11,778679
393674
1,869552
1,25012,484
716
468738
1,910592
1,33013,510
692
564732
2,185New MexicoOklahomaTexasWyoming. .
.
592
1,39713,582
841
Sou American Petroleum Insti Figures as of January 1
PETROLEUM 35
* ' 1
L_,
J
\
t--r-
I
.- i
i
. i
I
w
»,*»
i_
~r—
t
WA,
ie1 * 'vji•
i' *w
12-
JANUARY I. 1951
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.— .^t ,i
Fig. 14.—New oil pools discovered in Illinois, 1950.
1
.
Ab Lake West2. Bartelso East3. Calhoun Central
4. Calhoun East5. Cantrell South6. Carlyle North7. Claremont Gas8. Ellery West9. Enfield
10. Flannigan11. Hord12. Inman South (consolidated
with Inman West in 1950)
13. Kenner South14. Kinmundy15. Livingston South16. Long Branch17. Marion18. Omaha West19. Orchardville
20. Oskaloosa2 1 . Patoka West22. Reservoir23. Ritter
24. Roland West25. Whitiington Soutl
36 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
Millions
of
Barrels
-
o
o
o
o
05 1915 1925 1935 1945
Fig. 15.—Illinois production of crude petroleum, 1905-1950.
Fig. 16.—Source of United States crudepetroleum imports, 1950.
Table 23.
—
Estimates of Natural Gas Reservesin States Serving the Illinois Area, 1950-
1951 a
(Millions of cubic feet)
State 1950 1951
Illinois 233 192 229,893Kansas 14,089 560 13,790,834Louisiana 26,687 811 28,533,266New Mexico 6,241 003 6,990,670Oklahoma 11,625 979 11,634,287Texas 99,170,403 102,404,077
Source: American Gas Association. Figures as of Jan-uary 1.
PETROLEUM 37
Table 24.
—
Crude On. Prices'
Indiana—Kentucky—Ohio
Bowling Green, Kv. (Owensboro-Ashland,7-1-49) .' $2.42
Butler Co., Kv. (Owensboro-Ashland, 7-1-49). 2.55Cleveland, O. & Others (S. O. Ohio) 3.10Clinton Co., Ky. (Ashland O. & T.) 2.60Corning, O. (Seep, 5-6-49) 2.70Eastern Illinois (Ohio Oil) lc below ScheduleF
Hitesville, Ky. & Others (Carter) 2.77Illinois Basin (Ashland O. & R., Gulf, Mag-
nolia, Ohio Oil, Shell, Sohio, Texaco) 2.77Indiana Basin (Ashland O. & R., Sohio) 2.77Lima, O. (S. O. Ohio) 2.90Loudon, 111. (Carter) 2.77Mattoon, 111. (Carter) 2.77Plymouth, 111. (Ohio Oil, 7-1-49) 2.44Ragland Grade, Kv. (Ashland O. & T.) 2.43Somerset Grade, Ky. (Ashland O. & T.) 2. 83
Southern Illinois (Mohawk) 2.77Western Kentucky (Sohio) 2 . 77
a National Petroleum News, Vol. 43, No. 5, January 31,1951. (Prices effective as of December 6, 1947,except as herein noted.)
Fig. 17.—United States exports and imports of crude petroleum, 1940-1950.
38 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
Table 25.
—
Imports of Foreign Crude Petroleum, 1946-1950 =
(Thousands of barrels)
From 1946 1947 1948 1949* 1950
Colombia 8,3515,198
115
2,869
69,533
10,9445,125
111
5,578
275
75,499
8,5424,7074,507
7663,4423,601
14,46689,062
11,678613
1,107341
23,4454,797
12,05799,648
16 159Curacao and Aruba 611Iran 111
Iraq
Kuwait 26,74112,307
116
14,650107,019
MexicoQatarSaudi ArabiaVenezuela
Total 86,066 97,532 129,093 153,686 177,714
Revised figures.
Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.
180
160
140
o 120
100
80
60
Table 26.
—
United Slates Exports and Imporiof Refined Petroleum Products, 1940-1950 a
(Thousands of barrels)
Year Exports Imports
19401941
78,97075,59283,073108,615173,378149,985110,687118,12294,93886,30776,237
41,08946,536
1942 23,6691943 49,5791944. . .
.
47,5061945. .
.
39,2821946. .
.
51,6101947. . 61,8571948.
.
59,0511949 81,8731950 131,435
Source: I 1. S. Bureau <>f Mines.
Exports
Imports
MHaO_c\Jr0'3'if><0r*-C0CD Oo>o>a>o>o>o2o>o>o202 o>
Fig. 18.—United States exports and imports of refined petroleum products, 1940—1950.
STONE AND ROCK PRODUCTS 39
STONE AND ROCK PRODUCTS
Limestone and Dolomite
The limestone and dolomite sold or used
by Illinois producers in 19^0 amounted to
18,027,700 tons, valued at the plants at
$21,762,600. This was an increase of 4.2
percent in amount and 2 percent in value
over 1949. Details by kind and by use are
given in tables 27 and 28. In general, pro-
ducers reported an increased demand ; in
some instances, however, higher costs of
labor, plant maintenance, and transporta-
tion curtailed production.
Stone for industrial uses declined 6.2
percent in amount and 8.4 percent in value
from 1949, while stone for construction
uses increased 10.9 percent in amount and
10.3 percent in value over 1949. Percent-
age changes in both amount and value of
the detailed uses of stone are given in
table 27. Of the total stone sold or used by
producers in Illinois in 1950, industrial uses
constituted 40 percent and construction
uses totaled 60 percent.
A number of the smaller plants closed
down during the year, some temporarily
and others permanently. Several new oper-
ations were reported, and a few quarries
changed ownership. Of the 186 plants
reporting in 1950, 9 percent had discontin-
ued operations and 13 percent w^ere idle.
Commercial and NoncommercialOperations
Commercial operations are shown sepa-
rately from noncommercial operations,
which include the following: State of Illi-
nois, county, township, municipal, and
other government agencies. Purchases by
government agencies from commercial pro-
ducers are included in commercial opera-
tions.
Noncommercial operations in 1950 in-
creased 29.1 percent in amount from the
previous year, and produced 1.2 percent of
the total tonnage of stone sold or used by
producers in Illinois in 1950. Of this stone
98 percent was used for concrete and pav-
ing, the balance for other construction.
Agstoni<: Used in Illinois
Reports of producers show that agstone
(ground limestone and dolomite) used for
soil improvement in Illinois during 1950
amounted to 4,225,200 tons, valued at the
plants at $5,351,600 (table 29). This wasa decrease of 16.3 percent in tonnage and
19.6 percent in value from 1949, an aver-
age decrease of five cents per ton. Illinois
continued to rank first among the states in
the amount of liming material used for soil
treatment.
Agstone continues to be an important
factor in improving soil fertility. Thedemand for this mineral material slackened
sharply during 1950. Some producers
ascribed this to higher operating costs anda drop in farm price payments. Agstone
produced in Illinois and marketed in other
states increased 39.5 percent in amount,
and the tonnage produced in other states
and used in Illinois showed a gain of 8.2
percent (table 29).
During 1950 agstone was produced in
45 of the 102 counties of the state. Ofthe agstone used in Illinois during the year,
96.5 percent was produced in Illinois.
Table 30 shows the use of agstone on
Illinois farms during the years for whichfigures are available.
Cement
During 1950, sales of cement by pro-
ducers in Illinois amounted to 8,145,900
barrels, valued at the plants at $17,810,400.
This showed a slight decrease of 0.7 per-
cent in amount from 1949, and an increase
of 2.7 percent in value over the previous
year (table 31).
While the quantity of cement sold or
used by producers in Illinois in 1950 fell
short, by more than 50,000 barrels, of the
all-time high established in 1949, the value
sets a new record.
Lime
Sales of lime by producers in Illinois in
1950 amounted to 367,500 tons, valued at
40 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
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STONE AND ROCK PRODUCTS 41
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t- 3 O U U O (J3^ c c c c c
42 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
. . c ".
Percent
hange
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CLAYS AND CLAY PRODUCTS 43
Table 30.
—
Agstone Used in Illinois Annually,1927-1950*
Ye;
1927192819291930
1931
1932193319341935
193619371938
19391940
1941
1942194319441945
19461947194819491950
Tons
647,155565,001947,798868,426
268,874164,933227,466491,644379,555
1,114,4661,310,5131,251,2631,497,4582,365,663
3,084,8553,866,5683,236,4774,214,6004,287,568
5,595,6995,380,4115,427,087"5, 046, 517
4,225,167
Value
$ 579,639511,005843,693740,785
241,376140,969165,667319,604268,139
871,8621,279,9811,247,1501,318,1731,999,580
2,873,5363,600,3133,175,1084,388,8864,627,705
6,262,2476,683,2107,234,190*6,651,4485,351,585
Av.price
per ton
$0.90.91
.89
.90
.86
.73
.65
.71
.78
.97
1.00.88
.84
.93
.93
.98
1.041.08
1.121.241.33
:
1.321.27
* Revised figures.a U. S. Bureau of Mines, 1927-29; canvass by Illinois
Agricultural Association 1930; canvass by Illinois
Geological Survey, 1931-1950.
the plants at $4,465,400 as shown in table
32. Of this tonnage, 90 percent was quick-
lime and sintered dolomite, and 10 percent
was hydrated lime.
Total lime increased 33.1 percent in
quantity and 39.6 percent in value, an
average increase of 57 cents per ton. Sin-
tered dolomite and metallurgical lime
amounted to 70 percent of the total lime
sold or used, and lime for chemical and
industrial uses totaled 28 percent. Underthis latter classification is included lime for
water purification and softening, sewage
and trade-wastes treatment, insecticides,
fungicides, disinfectants, petroleum refin-
ing, glue, lubricating grease, paper manu-
facturing, tanning, and for other purposes.
Ganister and Sandstone
Ganister is a siliceous material found in
Alexander and Union counties in southern
Illinois. It is used for refractory purposes.
Sandstone and miscellaneous stone are
produced in various parts of the state for
road work and for foundations, riprap, and
rubble, mostly in noncommercial opera-
tions.
Total sales and uses of ganister, sand-
stone, and miscellaneous stone by producers
in Illinois are given in table 33.
Clays and Clay Products
Clays and clay products (including silica
refractories) sold and shipped by producers
in Illinois in 1950 were valued at the plants
at $49,133,300, an increase of 29 percent
over the previous year. This figure exceeds
by 9.9 percent the all-time record of 1948,
when sales and shipments totaled $44,700,-
000. Clays and clay products again hold
the position of third largest mineral indus-
try in Illinois, ranking next to coal and
petroleum.
All groups in the clays and clay products
classification contributed to this outstand-
ing record, as shown by the following per-
centage increases in value over 1949 (tables
34 and 35):
Percent
Clays 18.4
Refractories 21.1
Structural clay products 24.1
Whiteware and pottery 39.2
The two chief factors in establishing this
all-time high were the increased demand of
the construction industry for these types of
material, and the almost 100-percent coop-
eration of the producers in submitting their
figures; only two producers failed to report
on 1950 operations. Of the plants report-
ing, 86 percent were operating, 9 percent
were idle, and 2 percent had discontinued
operations.
Clays
In 1950 clays sold and shipped as such
amounted to 238,000 tons, valued at the
mines or pits at $1,178,000, an increase of
13.2 percent in quantity and 18.4 percent in
value over the previous year, as shown in
table 34. Clays used by producers in the
manufacture of clay products at their own
44 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
c1 1
Percent
hange
iamount
£ On
-°20.6
17.4 12.81.5 1.0 1.6
15.20.7
+ 1 1 1 +o
TJH r— CN U-l LO VO NO ON> H NO- H^ -H
a < CM C 1 CN (N CN CM CM <Nci ^= *^
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t«= 1 '6«J=
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dce
and cem tren 1no. 45.S2 U.
c^ c rt
dard
portlan
General
use
ial
portland
High-early-s
Other
sner.ifi
J3 T3 <l
4-1 </) C cC
1u
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£
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mi
CLAYS AND CLAY PRODUCTS 45
c 1
rcent
nge
itount
C ON 9.449.4 10.2 37.4 44.5
0.0 QCOCO
CL> c« fc1 ++ 4- +
u
*—i ON vr> so CN OS -tf u->
C/2 > OO CO tJh ,- vo OS C T—
<
s < ©CN r- i CN CN --I o CN
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a!o 3 TjHTjH\D Til 1 rHOt) c LOu-> 3 o r- r- oo co "f oc> c SOOS > H •*- r- o !
c) Tt TfH
CO Th i*
«%1
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oo ^ © CN 1 O c) c LOO -"f oo co 1 co O lt OOc os i-h so r~- co Tt< r- rt<
I
yj
C SO SO OO »- CO o vr r^
5W-> v£> CO 1 C) c soCN CO 1 co
<
,flJ 1
c/}
c CO vO Tt SC CO C) c sOcd
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sor^ c o OO SC OC ooCN OS SC u~ r- Tf Tt w-^
03
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atJ OS CO O- ^H OC a oas CN CO OC ur CO C c- OS1)
J3
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OO Tf oc fH SC r- ooas
u~> CN C o> r» r- OC r-"as o oo lo sc o- cn r- a OS
> H O sC
cn"
r^
oc T-H
co"
On tfi. «*.
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osco cn r-- CN Tf W o^CN OO CN c O o CN so
c so -^ r- "t CO tJ- r-~
3
1-
nr-T-H cn i- CN CN ^t so
5 t— sc r}- c «*• r-CN CN
<
xic«
c *«JT+ sC CO c- c^ sort
Oh
<L
s
51*
"EPS3 — 1
D a.
T3 vf 5C
s "S
T3c
T3 C 'ui
"X3 aS hz
C£ « 54-1 CC
'§"3
and
sint
ng
lime
ed
doloi
chemic;
4JX
.sis .1
imeuildi nter rher
"o •«4-1
C 2* 3J= o-SCQc^C J— H H.v>
§ $
^ s
46 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
Table 33.
—
Ganister and Sandstone Sold orUsed by Producers in Illinois, 1946-1950 a
YearAmounttons b
Value at plants
Total Av.
19461947194819491950
8,33616,299
200830
4,081
$10,90018,7571,0009,37811,781
$ 1.301.15
5.0011.302.89
a Summary of joint canvass made by Illinois GeologicalSurvey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.
b Includes ganister for refractory purposes, and sandstonefor road work and for foundations, riprap, and rubble.
plants are not included, but are reported
in the resultant clay products in table 35.
Fire clay totaled 223,400 tons, valued at
the plants at $1,145,200, and amounted to
93.8 percent of all clays shipped. Shale and
surface clay are grouped under one heading
because fewer than three producers reported
sales of each of these types of clay and sepa-
rate figures could not be shown without
revealing individual operations. For the
same reason kaolin and stoneware clay are
combined under "other clays." No pro-
duction of fuller's earth was reported for
1950.
Clays for ceramic uses totaled 91.4 per-
cent of the total clays sold and shipped in
1950, and that for nonceramic uses
amounted to 8.6 percent. Nonceramic uses
include clay for fillers, bonding foundry
sands, and modeling clay. Table 34 shows
in detail the percentage changes in amount
and value from 1949, by kind and by use.
Clay Products, Including Silica
Refractories
Clay products, including silica refrac-
tories, sold and shipped by producers in
Illinois in 1950 were valued at the plants
at $47,955,300, an increase of 29.3 percent
over 1949, and 10.5 percent more than the
all-time high record established in 1948. In
this group are included the following classi-
fications : refractories (clay and silica),
structural clay products, and whitewareand pottery. In 1950 refractories repre-
sented 19 percent of the total value of clay
products sold and shipped, structural
clay products comprised 39 percent, and
whiteware and pottery amounted to 42
percent of the total value.
Refractories. — Refractories, clay and
silica, totaled 253,100 tons, valued at the
plants at $9,227,600, an increase of 18.1
percent in amount and 21.1 percent in
value over the previous year. Firebrick
and shapes comprised 84.8 percent of the
total value of refractories sold and shipped.
Under "other refractories" are included
Hue liners, grog, and zinc retorts and con-
densers.
Structural clay products. — Structural
clay products amounted to 1,782,200 tons,
valued at the plants at $18,707,800, an
increase of 20.3 percent in quantity and
24.1 percent in value over 1949. All types
of structural clay products, except paving
block and drain tile, showed substantial
increases in both amount and value over
the previous year. "Other structural prod-
ucts" include facing block, haydite, and
ground shale building block.
Whiteware and pottery. — Whiteware
and pottery sold and shipped by producers
in Illinois in 1950 were valued at $20,019,-
900, an increase of 39.2 percent over 1949,
the largest percentage increase of the three
classifications in the clay products group.
Whiteware and pottery also comprised the
highest percentage of the total value of clay
products sold and shipped in 1950. Under"porcelain and other whiteware" are in-
cluded chemical stonewTare and porcelain,
electrical porcelain, and unspecified prod-
ucts.
Table 35 shows in detail the percentage
changes in amount and value from 1949
for the various types of clay products.
CLAYS AND CLAY PRODUCTS 47
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rcent
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48 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
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SAND AND GRAVEL 49
SAND AND GRAVEL
Silica Sand
The amount of silica sand sold or
used by producers in Illinois in 1950 totaled
2,322,700 tons, valued at the plants at
$4,958,300, as shown in table 37. This
was an increase of 16.7 percent in amount
and 19.8 percent in value, an average in-
crease of five cents per ton. Illinois ranks
first among the states in the production of
this mineral material.
Silica sand is used almost entirely for
industrial purposes, and less than 1 percent
of that sold or used by producers in Illinois
was for construction work. Glass sand
comprised 44.5 percent of the total tonnage
and 42.7 percent of the total value of silica
sand sold or used in 1950. Steel molding
sand reflected the highest percentage in-
creases from 1949—26.1 percent in amount
and 32.5 percent in value. "Other silica
sand" includes sand for unspecified uses
and that undistributed by the producer.
Other Sand and Gravel
Sand (other than silica sand) and gravel
sold or used by producers in Illinois in 1950
amounted to 15,358,800 tons and was val-
ued at the plants at $10,986,100. This
was an increase of 0.5 percent in amount
and 4.4 percent in value. The average
value of 72 cents per ton exceeded last
year's average of 69 cents, which was the
highest recorded since 1920.
As in the past, producer reports on the
sand and gravel business varied greatly
according to local conditions. Some stated
that the demand was good, prices were
higher, wages up, and that there were no
strikes or labor troubles. Others reported
that the demand for sand and gravel had
fallen off due to the lack of sufficient funds
by government agencies for highway main-
tenance and the promotion of new road-
building projects. Credit regulations and
a shortage of cement, increased production
and transportation costs were also reported
as factors in slowing down production.
Of the total tonnage of sand (other than
silica sand) and gravel reported in 1950,
3.9 percent was from government-and-con-
tractor operations, which includes sand and
gravel produced either by the state of Illi-
nois, counties, townships, and municipali-
ties, or by contractors expressly for their
use. Purchases by government agencies
from commercial producers are included in
commercial operations.
"Other sand" amounted to 6,693,400
tons, and was valued at the plants at
$5,097,200, a decrease of 1.1 percent in
amount and an increase of 1.9 percent in
value from 1949. Construction sands com-
prised 95.7 percent in amount and 92.3
percent in value of the total sand (other
than silica sand) sold and used in 1950
(table 36).
Gravel amounted to 56.4 percent of
the total tonnage and 53.6 percent of
the total value of sand (other than silica
sand) and gravel sold or used by produc-
ers in Illinois in 1950. It totaled 8,665,400
tons and was valued at the pits at $5,888,-
900, showing an increase of 1.8 percent in
amount and 6.8 percent in value over 1949
(table 36).
Total sand (including silica sand) and
gravel amounted to 17,681,400 tons, val-
ued at the plants at $15,944,400, an in-
crease of 2.4 percent in quantity and 8.7
percent in value over 1949. Of these
totals, industrial sands comprised 14.7 per-
cent of the tonnage and 33.3 percent of
the value; construction sands totaled 85.3
percent of the tonnage and 66.7 percent of
the value. Percentage changes in amount
from 1949, by kind and by use, are given in
table 36.
Of the 185 plants reporting on 1950
operations, 10.5 percent had discontinued
business during the year, 1 percent had
changed ownership, 10.5 percent were idle,
and 78 percent reported production. Eight
new operations were listed during the
year.
50 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
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52 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
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SILI C.I AND TRIPOLI 53
SILICA AND TRIPOLI
Ground Silica
Ground silica or silica flour is made by
fine grinding of washed silica sand. Dur-
ing 1950 the quantity of this material sold
or used by producers in Illinois amounted
to 263,100 tons and was valued at the
plants at $2,278,200, as shown in table 38.
This was an increase of 20.9 percent in
amount and 20.7 percent in value over the
previous year. Illinois continued to rank
first among the states in the production of
ground silica. It is used as an abrasive, as
a filler, and in foundries and in the ceramic
industry where it is known as silica flour
or "potter's flint." Ground silica for abra-
sives made up 31.4 percent of the total
tonnage and 31.2 percent of the total value
for 1950.
Tripoli
Tripoli ("amorphous" silica) is used as
an abrasive, polish, filler, and for many
Table 39.
—
Tripoli ("Amorphous" Silica) Soldor Used bv Producers in Illinois, 1946-1950"
YearAmount
tons
Value at plants
Total Average
1946. . . 15,63114,687
b
b
$321,600314,075
b
b
b
$20.571947.. 21.381948.. 16.531949
195019.0521.01
Summary of joint canvass made by Illinois GeologicalSurvey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.
As less than three producers reported, production figures
could not be shown without revealing individual oper-
other purposes. The tonnage and value of
tripoli sold or used by producers in Illinois
for 1948, 1949, and 1950 cannot be shown
without revealing individual operations, as
fewer than three producers reported sales
of this mineral material. Figures for 1946
and 1947 are given in table 39.
Table 38.
—
Ground Silicai Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1949-1950 3
1948 1950
UseAmount
tons
Value at plantsAmount
tons
Value at plantsPercent
change in
amount
Total Average Total Averagefrom1949
Abrasive 89,1688,033
34,20137,28248,893
$ 777,71260,843
289,829335,033423,728
$8.727.578.478.998.67
82,72355,493
(b)
48,35776,549
$ 711,203460,754
(b)
349,218757,062
$8.578.30\
(b) J
7.229.89
- 7.3
Pottery, procelain, and tile
.
Foundry and filler
Other uses and undistributed
+ 31 .4
+ 29.7
+ 56.6
Total 217,577 $1,887,145 $8.67 263,122 $2,278,237 $8.66 + 20.9
9 Summary of joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.b Included in "Enamel and Glass."
54 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
FLUORSPAR INDUSTRY
Fluorspar the Mineral
Fluorspar is an attractive mineral, about
as hard as glass and transparent or translu-
cent. Crystallization, in the isometric sys-
tem, usually takes the form of cubes. In
color fluorspar varies from green to white,
but also occurs in the yellow, blue, purple,
pink, or brown hues.
Fluorspar is used chiefly in the iron and
steel industry as a flux, for making a fluid
slag, and freeing the iron from sulfur and
phosphorus. From 5 to 8 pounds is used
per ton of steel. Hydrofluoric acid, madefrom fluorspar, enters into the preparation
of many chemicals, including those which
play a part in the manufacture of high-
octane gasoline, refrigerants, plastics, and
insecticides. Fluorspar and its compounds
are also used in the glass, enamel, and
aluminum industries.
United States production (also Western
Hemisphere) has come principally from
the Illinois-Kentucky region that centers
about Rosiclare, Hardin County, Illinois.
These deposits extend across the Ohio
River into Kentucky, which is the second
largest fluorspar producer in the United
States.
Production in 1950
The production of finished fluorspar in
the United States in 1950 totaled 283,200
tons (including 146,600 tons of flotation
concentrates), as compared with 236,400
tons in 1949. Although domestic produc-
tion of finished fluorspar in 1950 was 20
percent greater than in 1949, shipments
from mines exceeded production by 6 per-
cent. The high level of operations in the
steel and hydrofluoric acid industries and a
substantial gain in consumer inventory were
chiefly responsible for the accelerated activ-
ity in 1950 (table 40).
Shipments
Shipments of fluorspar from United
States mines during 1950, totaling 301,203
tons, marked a gain of 27 percent over the
1949 shipments of 236,704 tons. Thethree states of Colorado, Montana, and
Texas registered a drop in 1950 shipments
as compared to 1949, while all other pro-
ducing states increased their shipments,
some substantially (table 41). It is inter-
esting to note that Illinois and Kentucky
together supplied 78 percent of the total
domestic shipments for 1950.
Consumption
Consumption of fluorspar in the United
States in 1950 established a new high of
426,121 tons; this is to be compared with
the amount consumed in 1944 (410,170
tons) which marked the previous high-con-
sumption period.
The steel industry, which set a newrecord in 1950, continued to be the fore-
most user of fluorspar by taking about 56
percent of the total consumed. The hydro-
fluoric acid industry, the second largest
utilizer of fluorspar, consumed 29 percent
of the total in 1950 compared with 26 per-
cent for 1949. Of the domestic and foreign
fluorspar consumed in the United States
Table 40.
—
Fluorspar Data for the United States, 1946-1950-
(In tons)
Year ProductionShipments
frommines
Imports ConsumptionTotal
industry
stocks
1946 277,300343,700336,000236,400283,200
277,940329,484331,749236,704301,203
29,48878,379111,62695,619164,634
303,190376,138406,269345,221426,121
117,6201947 147,251
1948
19491950
184,213167,660183,723
a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.
FLUORSPAR INDUSTRY 55
80%
STEEL
HYDROFLUORIC AC
100%
»
CERAMICS
OTHER
Fig. 19.—Percentage consumption of
fluorspar (domestic and foreign)
by industries, 1946-1950.
Table 41.
—
Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States,by States, 1949-1 950 a
1949 1950
State
Tons
Value
Tons
Value
Total Average Total Average
Colorado 22,324120,88163,43812,8448,332
846422
5,8471,770
$ 763,2964,621,7332,018,209446,086180,166
^ 237,264
$34.1938.2331.8134.7321.62
26.70
18,182154,62380,13720,03618,936
95241
7,577719
$ 651,3266,110,7652,554,668
742,408337,912
> 219,875
$35.8239.52
Kentucky 31.88New Mexico 37.05
Utah 17.84
Other States:
ArizonaMontanaNevadaTexas
23.67
Total 236,704 $8,266,754 $34.92 301,203 $10,616,954 $35.25
a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.
Table 42.
—
Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States, by Uses, 1949-1950 1
L s
Steel
Iron foundry
Glass
EnamelHydrofluoric acid
Miscellaneous. . . .
Exported
Total|
1949 1950
Quantity Value Quantity Value
Percent
of total
Tons Total Av. Percent
of total
Tons Total Av.
50.41.3
11.7
2.029.94.40.3
119,2643,10327,7274,62570,75910,443
783
53,555,743103,061
1,043,512186,312
2,991,166354,43932,521
$29.8133.2137.6440.2842.2733.9441.53
49.61.3
10.1
2.632.43.70.3
149,4103,945
30,4507,832
97,65911,179
728
5 4,384,271134,929
1,176,994327,081
4,164,901399,03229,746
$29.3434.2038.6541.7642.6535.6940.86
100.0 236,704 58,266,754 $34.92 100.0 301,203 $10,616,954 $35.25
a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines
56 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
the glass and enamel industries in 1950
used a smaller percentage of the total than
in 1949, although their tonnage increased
by about 13 percent over 1949 (table 43).
Imports
Imports of fluorspar in the United States
during 1950 came to 164,634 tons, which
established a new record ; the previous high
was in 1948 when the U. S. imported 111,-
626 tons. Mexico continued to be the
chief source of imports, supplying about 44
percent of the total for 1950. The sum of
73,051 tons is an increase of 25 percent
over the 1949 imports from Mexico (table
44). Of considerable importance is the
amount of fluorspar supplied by both Ger-
many and Spain during 1950.
Stocks
Stocks of fluorspar at domestic mines at
the close of 1950 totaled 75,090 tons (121,-
516 tons in 1949). There were 19,038
tons of finished and 56,052 tons of crude
fluorspar (calculated to be equivalent to
27,000 tons of finished fluorspar).
Fluorspar in Illinois
During 1950 Illinois maintained its posi-
tion as the leading fluorspar producer in the
United States. Shipments from Illinois
mines throughout the year amounted to
154,623 tons, which was slightly over 51
percent of the total amount shipped from
all producing states. The 1950 shipments
of fluorspar from Illinois mines showed a
marked increase (28 percent) over the
amount shipped in 1949 (table 41 ). How-ever, the year 1943 still stands as the high
point of activity in the Illinois industry
when 198,789 tons were shipped from
mines.
The average price of Illinois fluorspar
increased from $38.23 per ton in 1949 to
$39.52 per ton in 1950. This is an in-
crease of about 3.4 percent over the 1940
average price. The above-listed prices for
Illinois fluorspar are substantially higher
than the United States average price as
shown in table 41. The average selling
price of all grades of domestic fluorspar
shipped in 1950 established a new high over
the previous peak of 1949.
Table 43.
—
Consumption of Fluorspar (Domestic and Foreign) in the UnitedStates, by Industries, 1946-1950 8
( In tons)
Hydro-1
Year Steel fluoric
acid
Glass Enamel All other Total
1946 160,735 83,901 39,852 6,739 11,963 303,190
1947 209,395 100,363 42,130 8,938 15,312 376,138
1948 232,687 107,280 37,247 8,871 20,184 406,269
1949 201,501 89,152 30,797 5,510 18,261 345,221
1950 240,802 124,440 33,440 7,723 19,716 426,121
"Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines
Table 44.
—
United States Imports of Fluorspar, 1949-1950 1
Canada \
Newfoundland /
FranceGermanyItaly
MexicoSpain
Total
Countn
1949
Tons
15,344
1,532
7,85758,23812,648
95,619
Yah
< 361,623
27,800
130,362828,901200,358
$1,549,044
1950
Tons
14,163
2,77229,6249,722
73,05135,302
164.634
Yah
> 426,120
30,522527,277200,594893,545501,609
$2,579,667
a Source: U. S. Bureau of Mines.
PLANT POOD MATERIALS 57
PLANT FOOD MATERIALS
Producing bountiful crops in the early
days of agriculture was, essentially, only a
matter of preparing the seedbed, planting,
cultivating, and harvesting. Today, how-
ever, the situation is different. In order
successfully to maintain high crop produc-
tion in the face of declining soil fertility,
man must make every effort to maintain in
the soil the nutrients or plant foods that
have been lost or extracted.
If left alone, nature does a pretty good
job of maintaining a balanced soil fertility;
but where man's exploitation has interfered,
these balances are usually upset. Therefore,
in order to keep soils from becoming very
poor or useless, it is necessary to add fer-
tilizer materials. Any substance applied to
the soil for the purpose of maintaining or
increasing plant growth constitutes a fer-
tilizer. Some fertilizing materials, such
as nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium,
are carriers of the major plant nutrients,
while other fertilizers act to modify the
physical or chemical composition of the soil.
Limestone, for example, is usually applied
for the purpose of correcting acidity, but
at the same time it is a source of calcium
and magnesium, also essential plant food
elements.
Substantial quantities of potassium are
found principally in the roots, stalks, stems,
and leaves of plants. Corn, in crop rota-
tion, is usually the first to show the effects
of a potassium deficiency. While the sup-
ply of potassium is reasonably good in most
Illinois soils, the rate at which it becomes
available is often too slow for maximumcrop yields. In other words, our crops in
Illinois and in the corn belt are not grow-
ing on nutrients that are released each
year, but rather they are feeding from sup-
plies which have built up during past centu-
ries. It has been calculated that the weather-
ing rate of the potash minerals in Illinois
soils (based on unweathered loess deposited
about 50,000 years ago) has amounted to
only one-fifth of a pound of released potas-
sium per acre per year for every 67^3 inches
or 2,000,000 pounds of soil. As these ele-
ments are taken from the soil by the crops,
which are finally consumed in distant urban
centers, fertility is gradually declining
—
more slowly where the soil has abundant
supplies of unweathered minerals, but as
surely declining.
Because we human beings depend on
food to supply us with all the essentials for
growth and health, the present generation
of farmers and city dwellers alike mustrealize that the crop rotations which
resulted in good yields in our fathers' and
grandfathers' time will not keep production
high now or in the future unless the supply
of minerals in the soils is restored and
maintained.
Potash Deliveries
During 1949 potash was delivered in this
country to 45 states and the District of Col-
umbia. Ohio was the leading state in potash
deliveries with over 90,000 tons K20, and
was followed by the states of Georgia, Illi-
nois, North Carolina, Virginia, and Florida,
each taking more than 60,000 tons K 2 for
the year.
By far the most popular material for agri-
cultural purposes continues to be the 60 per-
cent muriate of potash, comprising about 80
percent of the total K 2 delivered. The 50
percent muriate of potash accounted for 8
percent, manure salts 4 percent, and sulfate
of potash and sulfate of potash-magnesia 7
percent of the deliveries.
Table 45 lists the ten states leading in use
of agricultural potash for the year 1949. As
indicated in this table, the ten leading states
account for two-thirds of the agricultural
potash deliveries. However, in 1945 the
first ten states took almost 72 percent of the
agricultural potash.
The trend over the period 1945—1949
shows a general increase in the use of agri-
cultural potash for the country as a whole.
The first ten states also have been using
more of this material, but percentagewise
their share is decreasing, indicating a grow-
ing demand for this plant food in other
areas.
58 ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1950
Table 45.
—
Ten States Leading in Use ofAgricultural Potash, 1949 a
(In tons)
StateRankamongstates
Tons
Alabama 10
6
2
3
7
9
41
8
5
42 333Florida 62 226Georgia 83 192Illinois
IndianaMarylandNorth Carolina.
.
78,54756,47147,16867 045
Ohio......South Carolina
90*688
47 660Virginia 64,645
Total, 10 states 639,975Total U. S. deliveries. . . 972 154Ten states as a percentNumber of states using
of U. S. total . .
potash, 1949b .
65.846
"Source: American Potash Institute.'' Includes District of Columbia.
Table 46.
—
Agricultural Potash Deliveries i
Upper Mississippi Valley States, 1949 :i
State Tons
Illinois 78 547Indiana 56,471
13,551IowaMinnesota 16,634Missouri 13,632Wisconsin 25,707
Total, six states
Total U. S. deliveries
204,542972,154
Six states as a percent of lT
. S. total. . . 21.0
American Potash Institute.
Illinois State Geological Survey
Report of Investigations No. 158
1952