Illinois Botany 101 and Wildflower Quiz

Habitat 2030 - Botany 101

Christopher David Benda – Visiting Plant Ecologist, Illinois Natural History Survey

Degognia Canyon – Jackson County

Illinois Native Plant SocietySouthern Chapter

www.facebook.com/southernillinoisplants

Technical Expert

Consultant

Basic Plant Reproduction, Structure, and Terminology

Flowers

Complete(monoecious plants)

Vs. Incomplete

(monoecious and dioecious plants)

Monoecious(one house)

Vs. Dioecious

(two houses)

Two Types of Flowers:

• 1. Complete (perfect): flowers containing BOTH male (stamen) and female (pistil) sexual parts.

• Automatically monoecious

• The male part is termed the Stamen which consists of the anther and filament.

• The female part is the Pistil, which consists of the stigma, style and ovary.

• 2. Incomplete (imperfect): Flowers containing the reproductive parts of only one sex.

• These imperfect flowers may be on the same plant (monoecious),

• or on separate plants (dioecious).

Staminate

Vs.

Pistillate

Obligate

Vs.

Facultative

Symbiosis Can Be One Of Two Conditions:

• 1. Obligatory: one organism cannot live without the other.

• 2. Facultative: can live symbiotically but can survive without one another.

Plant Taxonomy•Non-Vascular

•Early Plants (spores)•Archaeplastida (algae)•Bryophyta (mosses)•Marchantiophyta (liverworts)•Anthocerophyta (hornworts)

•Vascular•Seedless plants

•Pteridophyta (Ferns)•Equisetaceae (Horsetail)•Isoetaceae (Quillwort)•Lycopodiaceae (Clubmoss)•Marsileaceae (Water-Clover)•Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss)

•Seed Plants•Gymnosperms (Conifers/Evergreens)

•Juniperus, Pinus, Taxodium•Angiosperms (Flowering Plants)

•Monocots (Orchids, Lilies, Irises, Grasses, Sedges, Rushes, aquatic plants)•Dicots (most other flowering plants)

Gymnosperms

Vs.

Angiosperms

• 1. Gymnosperms (“Naked Seeds”): plants that don’t produce a protective fruit around the seed.

• Ex: all the conifers-pines, cedar, spruce, and cypress.

• 2. Angiosperms (“Hidden Seeds”): flowering plants, seed is encased in a protective fruit.

• This is the dominant group of plants on Earth today.

• * Fruit- anything formed from the enlarged plant ovary.

PlantsMonocot

Vs.Dicot

One cotyledon in seed

Leaf veins forma parallel pattern

Flower parts in threes and multiples of three, irregular (nonsymmetrical)

Two cotyledons in seed

Leaf veins forma net pattern

Flower parts in fours orfives and their multiples

Leaf Characteristics

Simple leaf, magnolia

a. Simple versus compound leaves

Pinnately compound leaf,black walnut

Palmately compound leaf,buckeye

b. Arrangement of leaves on stem

Opposite leaves, maple

Whorled leaves,bedstraw

Alternate leaves,American beech

Leaf Characteristics

Simple leaf, magnolia

Palmately compound leaf,buckeye

Pinnately compound leaf,black walnut

Alternate leaves,American beech

Whorled leaves,bedstraw

Opposite leaves, mapleMADCapHorseBuck(buttonbush)

Gee whiz?! informationIf you can’t tell a joke about it, explain where the name comes

from, or tell story about the plant then:

WHO CARES!!!

Plant HumorQ. How can you ID a dogwood tree?

Plant HumorA. By its bark!

Flowering Dogwood – Cornus florida

High Quality Natural Communities

What is a Natural Area?

0.07% in a natural condition

Binomial Nomenclature

“The beginning of wisdom is to call things by their rightful names.”

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Animalia Cordata Reptilia Testudines Emydidae Emydoidea E. blandingii

Latin Pronunciation

O Pronounce every letter except diphthongs Echinacea, Tradescantia, Opuntia humifusa, Ambrosia artemisiifoliaO “ch” is a “k” sound: Polystichum, HeucheraO If a word has two syllables, the accent always goes with the next to the last (called the penult); e.g., Àcer.O If a word has three or more syllables, the accent always goes either with the next to the last (penult) or the third from the last (called the antepenult). Synandra hispidula, Onoclea sensibilis, Liriodendron tulipifera phyllum – rhizophyllum, Podophyllum, triphyllum ae Pellaea atropurpurea, Arisaema au Daucus carota Eu Teucrium, Leucanthemum Oe (phoebe), Platanthera peramoena, Ipomoea Ui EquisetumO “oi” is not a diphthong! Pleopeltis polypodioidesO Pronounce when ending with “e” Silene, canadense, sessile, hyemaleO Latinized last names (one or two i’s) Dodecatheon frenchii, Emydoidea blandingiiO Most trees have been feminized! Quercus rubra, Fagus grandifolia, Ulmus americana

Plant Resources for IllinoisField Guide Books & Websites

Common Plant Families

Apiaceae (Carrot family)

Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed family)

Mead’s Milkweed – Asclepias meadii

Asteraceae (Composite family)

Prairie Dock - Silphium terebinthinaceum

Blazing Stars – Liatris scabra & aspera

False Dandelion - Krigia biflora

Boraginaceae (Borage family)

Marbleseed – Onosmodium molle var. hispidissimum

Brassicaceae (Mustard family)

Cactaceae (Cactus family)

Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family)

Campanulaceae (Bellflower family)

Caryophyllaceae (Pink family)

Convolvulaceae (Morning-glory family)

Cuscutaceae (Dodder family)

Euphorbiaceae (Spurge family)

Fabaceae (Pea family)

Pencil Flower - Stylosanthes biflora

Caesalpiniaceae (Caesalpinia family)

Redbud - Cercis canadensis

Lamiaceae (Mint family)

Hypericaceae (St. Johnswort family)

Onagraceae (Evening-primrose family)

Polemoniaceae (Phlox family)

Ranunculaceae (Buttercup family)

Rosaceae (Rose family)

Carolina Rose - Rosa carolina

Rubiaceae (Madder family)

Buttonbush – Cephalanthus occidentalis

Scrophulariaceae (Snapdragon family)

Skullcaps – Scutellaria sp.

Cyperaceae (Sedge family)

Iridaceae (Iris family)

Blue-eyed Grass – Sisrhynchium albidum

Juncaceae (Rush family)

Liliaceae (Lily family)

Orchidaceae (Orchid family)

Adam & Eve Orchid – Aplectrum hyemaleCranefly Orchid -Tipularia discolor

Twayblade Orchid – Liparis lilifolia

Poaceae (Grass family)

Questions?

Erigenia bulbosa – Harbinger of Spring

Symplocarpos foetidus– Skunk Cabbage

Claytonia virginiana - Spring Beauty

Arisaema triphyllum – Jack-in-the-pulpit

Arisaema dracontium – Green Dragon

Galium aparine– Bedstraw

Anemone quinquefolia - Wood Anemone

Caulophyllum thalictroides - Blue Cohosh

Hydrastis canadensis - Goldenseal

Dentaria laciniata – Cut-leaved Toothwort

Dicentra cucullaria – Dutchman’s Breeches

Dicentra canadensis – Squirrel Corn

Corydalis flavula – Pale Corydalis

Hepatica nobilis - Liverleaf

Actaea pachypoda - Doll’s Eyes

Asarum canadense - Wild Ginger

Aquilegia canadensis - Wild Columbine

Camassia scilloides - Wild Hyacinth

Dodecatheon meadia – Shooting Star

Enemion biternatum – False Rue Anemone

Rue Anemone vs. False Rue Anemone

Allium tricoccum - Wild Leek

Erigeron philidelphicus – Daisy Fleabane

Erythronium americanum - Yellow Trout Lily

Erythronium albidum – White Trout Lily

Sanguinaria canadensis - Bloodroot

Jeffersonia diphyla - Twinleaf

Fragaria virginiana – Wild Strawberry

Caltha palustris - Marsh Marigold

Geranium maculatum – Wild Geranium

Hybanthus concolor – Green Violet

Podophyllum peltatum – Mayapple

Hydrophyllum canadense - Waterleaf

Hypoxis hirsuta – Yellow Star Grass

Luzula multiflora – Wood Rush

Osmorhiza claytonii – Sweet Cicely

Pedicularis canadensis - Wood Betony

Phlox divaricata – Wild Blue Phlox

Collinsia verna – Blue-eyed Mary

Phlox bifida – Cleft Phlox

Polemonium reptans - Jacob’s Ladder

Polygonatum biflorum - Soloman’s Seal –

Smilacina racemosa - Soloman’s Plume

Smilacina stellata - Starry False Soloman’s Seal

Frasera caroliniensis - Wild Columbo

Tradescantia virginiana – Virginia Spiderwort

Trillium recurvatum – Purple Trillium

Trillium flexipes - White Trillium

Trillium grandiflorum - Large Trillium

Silene virginica - Fire Pink

Uvularia grandiflora - Bellwort

Viola pedata– Bird’s-foot Violet

Viola pubescens – Yellow Violet

Viola striata – Cream Violet

Amelanchier arborea – Serviceberry

Cercis canadensis - Redbud

Cornus florida – Flowering Dogwood

Viburnum rifidulum – Rusty Black Haw

Illinois Botany 101 and Wildflower Quiz

Education

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