ILLICIT TRADE IN CULTURAL ARTEFACTS: STRONGER TOGETHER?€¦ · ∗ The November 2014 Report...

ILLICIT TRADE IN CULTURAL ARTEFACTS: STRONGER TOGETHER?

The way forwardUNESCO’s actions to prevent illicit trade prevent illicit trade

Oslo, Norway

2-3 December 2015

UNESCO Culture Conventions

INTERPOL For official use only

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1970 Convention: ratifications

∗ 129 States Parties


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1970 Convention

� 3 pillars

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� Creating national services for protecting cultural property: specialized customs and police officers

� Introduce export certificates

� Drafting laws for protecting cultural property

Requests States to adopt preventive measures

� Drafting laws for protecting cultural property

� National inventories of protected property

� Educational campaigns

� Rules for collectors and art dealers

� Penal and administrative sanctions

1995 UNIDROIT Convention

37 States Parties

All stolen and/or illicitly exported cultural objects are covered (not just inventoried objects) and are to be returned

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Art. 4 – Due Diligence

“The possessor of a stolen cultural object required to return it shall be entitled, at the time of its

restitution, to payment of fair and reasonable compensation provided that the possessor

neither knew nor ought reasonably to have known that the object was stolen and can prove that it

exercised due diligence when acquiring the object” (Article 4 (1)).

∗ The November 2014 Report (S/2014/815) of the Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team made reference to how terrorist groups were generating income via illicit

LinksIllicit Traffic and Terrorism


how terrorist groups were generating income via illicit trafficking of cultural property

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3 Paragraphs on Cultural Heritage, most importantly:

17.Reaffirms its decision in paragraph 7 of resolution 1483 (2003) and decides that all

Member States shall take appropriate steps to prevent the trade in Iraqi and Syrian

cultural property and other items of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific,

UNSC Res 219912 February 2015

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cultural property and other items of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific,

and religious importance illegally removed from Iraq since 6 August 1990 and from Syria

since 15 March 2011, including by prohibiting cross-border trade in such items, thereby

allowing for their eventual safe return to the Iraqi and Syrian people and calls upon the

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Interpol, and other

international organizations, as appropriate, to assist in the implementation of this

paragraph;

April 2015, High-Level Meeting

Outcomes in order to strengthen UNSC 2199

∗ Roadmap for partners (UNESCO, Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team of the UN Security Council, INTERPOL, UNODC, WCO, UNIDROIT, ICCROM, ICOMOS, ICOM, IFLA) focused on

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ICOM, IFLA) focused on information sharing and joint actions

∗ Network of focal points to facilitate information exchange

∗ Guidelines for effective national measures for the implementation of UN Resolution 2199 (Circular letters to all Member States)

GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RESOLUTION AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL OF THE RESOLUTION AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL

� Revision of national legislation concerning due diligence, provenance

check, acquisition policies, import-export restrictions, strengthening the

investigation and seizure procedures, strengthening penal sanctions;

UNSC Res 2199

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� Sharing intelligence to enable concerned international organizations to

provide a route map of the smugglers for a better prevention;

� Proper implementation of the relevant legal instruments at the national

level;

� Systematic recording of seized Iraqi and Syrian artefacts on their

respective territories;

� Awareness-raising and capacity-building initiatives.

∗ 6 July - submission to UNSMT of synthesis + analysis by UNESCO of reports on measures taken by Member States on the implementation of UNSC RES 2199

UNSC Res 2199 – UNSMT report

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∗ Dec 2015: 34 country reports on national implementation sent to the secretariat

∗ send information on seized articles to UNESCO and INTERPOL

ROADMAP FOR THE NETWORK OF EXPERTS (1)ROADMAP FOR THE NETWORK OF EXPERTS (1)

High-Level Meeting

• Share information and coordinate actions in relation to the implementation

of para 17 of the UNSC Resolution 2199;

• Gather and analyse information on the looting of cultural objects with a

view to a more systematic monitoring of the situation and trafficking routes;

• Establish a list of independent cultural heritage experts to support

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• Establish a list of independent cultural heritage experts to support

authentication processes of Syrian and Iraqi artefacts in transit countries and

on the art market;

• Identify priority areas for joint programmes and activities, and develop

public messaging to be used by the partners based on a common approach;

• Establish a joint fund-raising strategy to support the implementation of this

Road Map;

• Compile relevant information of cases of known and suspected antiquities

trading linked to the Islamic State in Iraq and Levant and Al-Nusra Front;

Capacity building

Technical support, training and workshops, emergency actions

Capacity building

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Alone in the period between June 2012 and November 2015, UNESCO organized:

�26 workshops�More than 132 countries involved�More than 1000 participantsSpecial attention to emergency situations (Syria, Iraq, Mali, Libya, Yemen, Haiti…)

Legal Component Operational component

• 1970 UNESCO and 1995 UNIDROIT Conventions regarding the protection of cultural heritage

• Operational tools:• Model Export certificate• Object ID• Databases of stolen cultural

objects

Contents

1970 ConventionCapacity-building action

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• 1954 Convention and its two protocols

• Analysis of the existing legal framework at the national level

• Return and restitution procedures

• Bilateral agreements

objects

• Heritage Police: challenges and successful examples

• The role of customs

• Traffic on internet

• The protection of archaeological sites

• Awareness-raising component

Actions in Syria


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Actions in Syria


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Outreach activities

Production of Communication tools

• Audiovisual materials (mini clips, TV spots, documentaries, radio messages…)

• Publications (books, magazines…)

Production of Communication tools

• Audiovisual materials (mini clips, TV spots, documentaries, radio messages…)

• Publications (books, magazines…)

Dissemination of tools

- UNESCO’s channels, including digital and social media

- with the support of UNESCO’s partners, FOsand Natcoms, governmental authorities

Dissemination of tools

- UNESCO’s channels, including digital and social media

- with the support of UNESCO’s partners, FOsand Natcoms, governmental authorities

• Materials for kids (games, cartoons, comicstrips, animated movies…)

• Printed materials(posters, poscards, stickers, etc.)

• Materials for kids (games, cartoons, comicstrips, animated movies…)

• Printed materials(posters, poscards, stickers, etc.)

governmental authorities

- through mass media

- Reinforced by Awareness-raisingworkshops with journalistsand media

governmental authorities

- through mass media

- Reinforced by Awareness-raisingworkshops with journalistsand media

Awareness-raising

∗ UNESCO Director-General launched an international online campaign in Baghdad, Iraq, under the banner #Unite4Heritage (march 2014)

∗ Part of broader awareness-raising and mobilization of young people to stand up for the safeguarding of

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young people to stand up for the safeguarding of heritage threatened by violent extremism and to provide a counter-narrative to propaganda

∗ http://www.unite4heritage.org

Raising Awareness

∗ Via UNESCO social media platforms

∗ Clips freely available forpartners and the public to

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partners and the public to disseminate among their networks

TV Spots Iraq

• Three television spots in Arabic. Alerting local populations about the risk of trafficking in Iraqi cultural


of trafficking in Iraqi cultural property.

Publications


Raising-Awareness

∗ Addressing Youth

∗ « Cultural Heritage in a Box » (Mongolia) - toolkit to educatechildren and youth on their identify and cultural heritage, as well as its protection

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well as its protection

- Partnership with the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (PergamonMuseum)

Using #Unite4Heritage on all promotional material

Outreach partnerships

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- Communication leaflets;- Documentary;-Link on their website

- Travel guides (Lonely Planet, Hachette)

- Airlines (All Nippon Airlines): distribution of clips and communication materials

Awareness-raising of MemberStates: appeals and letters

August 2014

Pursuant to a call from the Permanent Delegate of the Republic of Iraq to UNESCO, calling on “…all nations of the world to stand with Iraq…” in protecting its cultural

UNESCO for Iraq

Iraq…” in protecting its cultural heritage, the Director-General wrote to all States Parties and non-States Parties to the 1970 Convention as well as to major museums and auction houses worldwide in order to forward the Ambassador’s call while the country’s heritage is facing increased risks of pillage.

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∗ Cooperation with major Auction Houses includingSotheby’s and Christie’s

∗ Have taken part in social media awareness raising

Cooperation with the art market


∗ Have taken part in social media awareness raisingcampaigns against illicit trafficking – specifically to protect Syrian and Iraqi cultural heritage

∗ France: Drouot round table on 18 November« combatting illicit trade in antiquities »

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Conseil des ventes volontaires

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Example of NordicCooperation

Norway – Iraq

Framework

“Emergency Response Action Plan for the Safeguarding ofIraqi Cultural Heritage” (17 July 2014)

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Iraqi Cultural Heritage” (17 July 2014)

∗ Focus on objective “Enhancing communication, andraising awareness with regards to the importance ofsafeguarding of Iraqi cultural heritage”

Completed Activities

Informative material and support

of the Unite4Heritage campaign

event


event


Video: #Unite4Heritage.

Celebrating Iraq’s cultural

diversity.


Information about UNESCO Actions and International

Cooperation


Translating and producing the

Special Issue of World Heritage

Ongoing Activities

∗ Production of two sets of three communication messages

∗ Focus on importance of protecting cultural and religious heritagefrom vandalism, looting, and destruction


from vandalism, looting, and destruction

∗ Target audience: Iraqi population, countries in region, art market.

∗ Posters, postcard and leaflets about restitution cases andthe 1970 Convention.

Takk!

Contact

María José Miñana María José Miñana Cultural Heritage Protection Treaties SectionDivision for Cultural Expressions and Heritage Tel: 00.33.1.45.68.47.61@: [email protected]

www.unesco.org/culture/en/illicittraffickingWebsite

ILLICIT TRADE IN CULTURAL ARTEFACTS: STRONGER TOGETHER?€¦ · ∗ The November 2014 Report...

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