i/Jtanll Q

5.0 CONCLUSIONS

5.1 Summary of Results

The shear strength functions are as follows.

For Naketiya soil,

r = 40.3 + (o, - ua) tan26.0° + (ua - K J tan 22.2°

For Kahagalla soil,

r = 22.3 + (an - ua) tan 25.2° + (ua - i/Jtanll.8Q

For Walhuputenna soil,

r = 25+ (o, - u„) tan 26° + (ua - uw)tan 10.5°

For Beragala soil,

r - 25+ (o„ - ua) tan26° + (ua - ww)tan 10.6°

The soil water characteristic curves for Naketiya, Kahagalla, Walhuputenna and Beragala

are shown in Figure 22, Figure 26, Figure 30 and Figure 34 respectively.

5.2 Suggestions for Future Research

The layout of the modified tri-axial apparatus requires further development using a

diffused air volume indicator as reported by Fredlund and Rahardjo (1993).

Once the diffused air volume indicator is introduced in the layout, saturation procedure

for a high air entry disk can be improved as suggested by Fredlund and Rahardjo (1993).

The conventional tri-axial base requires modification to install the high air entry disk into

the base pedestal using an epoxy resin along its periphery.

During the test, constant pressures have to be maintained using continuous power supply

or compressed air system without any break.

Typical strain rates (Fredlund and Rahardjo, 1993) are very low for tri-axial tests on

unsaturated soils. As the used tri-axial machine doesn't have such a low value, the

samples were sheared at the rate of 0.025 mm/minute which is the lowest rate of strain

value of that tri-axial machine.

46

References

Arya, L.M., and Paris, J.F. 1981, A Physicoempirical Model to Predict the Soil Moisture

Characteristic from Particle-size Distribution and Bulk Density Data. Soil

Science Society of America Journal, 45: 1023-1030.

Bishop, A.W., Donald, I.B., 1961, The Experimental Study of Partly Saturated Soil in

the Triaxial Apparatus, in Proc. 5 t h Int. Conf. Soil Mech. Found. Eng.(Paris,

France), vol.1, pp. 13-21.

Croney, D., and Coleman, J.D., 1961, Pore Pressure and Suction in Soil, Proc. Conf.

Pore Pressure and Suction in Soils, London: Butterworths, England, pp. 3 1 - 37.

Fredlund, D.G., 1973, Volume Change Behaviour of Unsaturated Soils, Ph.D.

Dissertation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada.

Fredlund, D.G., and Morgenstern, N.R, 1977, Stress State Variables for Unsaturated

Soils, ASCE J. Geotech. Eng. Div, GT5, vol, 103, pp. 447-466.

Fredlund, D.G.,Morgenstem, N.R., and Widger, R.A., 1978, The Shear Strength of

Unsaturated Soils, Can. Geotech. J., Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 313 - 321.

Fredlund, D.G., 1979, Second Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: Appropriate

Concepts and Technology for Unsaturated Soils, Canadian Geotechnical

Journal.,Vol. 16, pp. 121- 139.

Fredlund, D.G., and Rahardjo, H., 1987, Soil Mechanics Principles for Highway

Engineering in Arid Regions, Transportion Res. Record 1137,pp 1-11.

Fredlund, D.G., and Rahardjo, H., 1993, Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils, John

Wiley & Sons, Inc., N.Y., New York.

Fredlund, D.G., and Xing, A., 1994, Equations for the Soil-water Characteristic Curve,

Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 521 - 532.

Fredlund, D.G., and Samarasekera, L., 2000, From Theory to the Practice of Unsaturated

Soil Mechanics, Proceedings, Short Course organised by SLGS, Colombo.

Fredlund, M.D., Sillers, W.S., Fredllund, D.G., and Wilson.G.W. 1996, Design of a

Knowledge Based System for Unsaturated Soil Properties, Proceedings third

Canadian Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering,

Montreal, Quebec, August 26-28, pp. 659-677.

Gidigasu,M.D., 1976, Laterite Soil Engineering, Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Ho, D.Y.F., and Fredlund, D.G., 1982, Multi-stage Triaxial Tests for Unsaturated Soils.

ASTM, Geotechnical Testing Journal, 5 (1/2): 1 8 - 2 5 .

Ho, D.Y.F., and Fredlund, D.G., 1982, Increase in Shear Strength due to Soil Suction for

Two Hong Kong Soils. Proceedings, ASCE, Geotechnical Conference on

Engineering and Construction in Tropical and Residual Soils, Honolulu,

Hawaii, pp. 2 6 3 - 2 9 5 .

Instruction manual for Thermogravimetric Differential Thermal Analyzer (Standard type,

High Temperature type), Manual Number ME800KT2, Rigaku Corporation,

Tokyo, Japan.

Krah, J., and Fredlund, D.G., 1972, On total, Matric and Osmotic Suction. Soil Science,

114 (5): 3 3 9 - 3 4 8 .

Lytton, R.L., 1967, Isothermal Water Movement in Clay Soils, Ph.D. dissertation,

University of Texas, Austin, pp. 231.

Puswewala, U.G.A. Pushpakumara, T.D.C., Premasuriya, A.M.P.S. and Gunawardena

K.P.A., 2001, Private Communication on Shear Strength Parameters in Terms

of Effective Stresses for Naketiya and Kahagalla Soil.

Soil Vision Systems Ltd., CD Cassette on Soil Vision, 1996.

Vanapalli, S.K., Fredlund, D.G., and Pufahi, D.E., 1996, Model for the Prediction of

Shear Strength with Respect to Soil Suction, Vol. 33, pp. 379 - 392.

Williams, P.J., 1982, The Surface of the Earth, an Introduction to Geotechnical Science,

Longman Inc., New York.

48

A N N E X - 1

Annex 1

Calculation of correction due to the restraining effects of the membrane

Width of the sample = 3 mm Initial length of the sample = 25 mm Final length of the sample = 100 mm Load recorded for double membrane = 2.09 N

Extension modulus (M)

Correction

Force per millimetre Strain

2.09

3 x (100 - 25) /25

0.232 N/mm

4M e ( l - e) D

N/nV

where; D is the initial diameter of the sample (mm) M is the compressive modulus of the rubber membrane (N/mm of width) e is the axial strain at the maximum principal stress difference.

For 8% of the axial strain

Correction 0 232

4 x x 0.08 (l - 0.08) 50 V '

13.66 x KT4 N/mm 2

10 6

13.66 x 10"4 x — kN/m 2

10 3

1.37 kN/m 2

The following table gives correction due to the restraining effects of the rubber

membranes for different axial strains.

Table A 1 - Correction due to the restraining effects of the rubber membrane

Axial strain (%) 5 6 7 8 9 10

Correction

(kN/m 2)

0.88 1.01 1.20 1.37 1.52 1.67

49

4

A N N E X - 2

Annex 2

Table A2-1 (a) to (e) - Triaxial test results for the five specimens of Naketiya soil

Table A2-1 (a)

CONSOLIDATED DRAINED TRIAXIAL TEST

S a m p l e : N a k e t i y a

U„ =80 kPa U w = 50kPa o 3 = 230kPa

Dry Density = 1640kg/nv 1

Rate of Strain =0 .001" /tnin

Vertical displ-. Proving ring Axial strain Volume gauge Corrected Deviator stress acement(div) reading(div) (%) reading(ml) Area (mm2) (kN/m2)

0 0.0 0.00 18.30 1954.11 0.00 25 14.0 0.21 18.30 1958.26 13.07 50 40.0 0.42 18.35 1962.85 37.25 75 62.0 0.64 18.35 1967.04 57.62 100 88.5 0.85 18.35 1971.24 82.07 125 112.0 1.06 18.40 1975.89 103.62 150 144.0 1.27 18.40 1980.13 132.94 175 176.0 1.48 18.45 1984.82 162.09 200 210.0 1.69 18.45 1989.10 192.99 225 248.5 1.91 18.45 1993.39 227.88 250 276.0 2.12 18.50 1998.14 252.50 275 301.0 2.33 18.50 2002.48 274.77 300 320.0 2.54 18.55 2007.26 291.42 325 330.5 2.75 18.55 2011.64 300.33 350 342.0 2.97 18.55 2016.03 310.10

' 375 350.0 3.18 18.60 2020.88 316.59 400 356.0 3.39 18.60 2025.31 321.32 425 364.5 3.60 18.65 2030.20 328.20 450 367.0 3.81 18.65 2034.67 329.72 475 368.0 4.03 18.65 2039.16 329.89 500 369.0 4.24 18.65 2043.68 330.06 525 369.0 4.45 18.70 2048.65 329.26 45.0. 368.0 4.66 18.70 2053.20 327.64 575 . 367.5 4.87 18.70 2057.78 326.46 600 367.0 5.08 18.70 2062.37 325.29 625 366.5 5.30 18.70 2066.98 324.13 650 366.0 5.51 18.70 2071.62 322.96

50

Table A2-1 (b)



U „ = 1 1 5 k P a U w = 50kPa a, = 2 6 5 k P a

Dry Density = 1640 kg/m 3

Rate of Strain = 0 . 0 0 1 " /min

Vertical displ-. Proving ring Axial strain Volume gauge Corrected Deviator stress acement(div) rcading(div) (%) reading(ml) area(mm2) (kN/m2)

0 0.0 0.00 27.90 1946.48 0.00 25 16.0 0.21 27.90 1950.62 14.99 50 36.0 0.42 27.90 1954.77 33.67 75 56.5 0.64 27.95 1959.36 52.71 100 76.0 0.85 27.95 1963.55 70.75 125 95.0 1.06 27.95 1967.75 88.25 150 112.0 1.27 28.00 1972.40 103.80 175 144.0 1.48 28.00 1976.64 133.17 200 168.0 1.69 28.00 1980.90 155.03 225 196.0 1.91 28.05 1985.62 180.44 250 224.5 2.12 28.05 1989.91 206.23 275 255.0 2.33 28.05 1994.23 233.74 300 280.0 2.54 28.10 1999.00 256.05 325 304.0 2.75 28.10 2003.36 277.39 350 344.0 2.97 28.10 2007.73 313.21 375 374.0 3.18 28.10 2012.12 339.78 400 390.0 3.39 28.15 2016.97 353.46 425 404.5 3.60 28.15 2021.41 365.80 450 412.0 3.81 28.15 2025.86 371.76 475 418.0 4.03 28.15 2030.33 376.34 500 420.0 4.24 28.20 2035.27 377.23 525 424.0 4.45 28.20 2039.78 379.98 550 426.0 4.66 28.20 2044.31 380.92 575 428.0 4.87 28.25 2049.31 381.78 600 428.0 5.08 28.25 2053.88 380.93 625 427.5 5.30 28.25 2058.48 379.63 650 427.0 5.51 28.25 2063.09 378.34 675 427.0 5.72 28.25 2067.73 377.49 700 426.5 5.93 28.25 2072.39 376.20 725 426.5 6.14 28.25 2077.07 375.36 750 426.0 6.36 28.25 2081.77 374.07

51

Table A2-1 (c)


Sample:Naketiya

U„=150kPa U w =50kPa a 3 = 300 kPa

Dry Density = 1640 kg/m3

Rate of Strain = 0.001" /min

Vertical displ-. Proving ring Axial strain Volume gauge Corrected Deviator stress acement(div) reading(div) (%) reading(ml) area(mm 2) (kN/m2)

0 0.0 0.00 28.25 1940.97 0.00 25 18.0 0.21 28.25 1945.09 16.92 50 40.0 0.42 28.25 1949.23 37.51 75 64.0 0.64 28.25 1953.39 59.89 100 88.0 0.85 28.30 1957.99 82.16 125 118.5 1.06 28.30 1962.18 110.40 150 164.0 1.27 28.30 1966.39 152.46 175 206.0 1.48 28.30 1970.62 191.09 200 242.0 1.69 28.35 1975.30 223.95 225 276.0 1.91 28.35 1979.57 254.87 250 312.0 2.12 28.35 1983.85 287.49 275 336.0 2.33 28.35 1988.15 308.93 300 358.0 2.54 28.40 1992.91 328.38 325 378.5 2.75 28.40 1997.25 346.42 350 398.0 2.97 28.40 2001.61 363.48 375 412.0 3.18 28.40 2005.99 375.44 400 424.0 3.39 28.45 2010.83 385.45 425 434.0 3.60 28.45 2015.25 393.67 450 442.0 3.81 28.45 2019.69 400.05 475 450.5 4.03 28.45 2024.15 406.84

' 500 454.0 4.24 28.50 2029.07 409.01 525 460.0 4.45 28.50 2033.57 413.50 550 468.0 4.66 28.50 2038.09 419.76 575 474.0 4.87 28.50 2042.63 424.20 600 480.0 5.08 28.50 2047.19 428.61 625 484.0 5.30 28.55 2052.21 431.12 650 486.0 5.51 28.55 2056.81 431.93 675 488.0 5.72 28.55 2061.44 432.74

•^760 487.0 5.93 28.55 2066.08 430.88 725 486.0 6.14 28.55 2070.74 429.03 750 485.5 6.36 28.55 2075.43 427.62 775 485.0 6.57 28.55 2080.13 426.21 800 484.5 6.78 28.50 2084.41 424.90 825 484.0 6.99 28.50 | 2089.16 423.50

52

Table A2-1 (d)


Vertical displ-. Proving ring Axial strain Volume gauge Corrected Deviator stress acement(div) reading(div) (%) reading(ml) area(mm2) (kN/m2)

0 0.0 0.00 17.95 1946.91 0.00 10 34.0 0.22 17.95 1951.11 31.85 20 75.0 0.43 17.95 1955.32 70.12 30 107.5 0.65 17.95 1959.56 100.28 40 135.0 0.86 17.95 1963.82 125.66 50 164.0 1.08 17.90 1967.66 152.36 60 195.0 1.29 17.90 1971.95 180.77 70 220.5 1.51 17.90 1976.26 203.96 80 248.0 1.72 17.90 1980.59 228.89 90 276.0 1.94 17.90 1984.94 254.18 100 301.0 2.15 17.90 1989.30 276.59 110 322.0 2.37 17.85 1993.25 295.30 120 341.0 2.58 17.85 1997.66 312.04 130 356.0 2.80 17.85 2002.08 325.05 140 370.0 3.01 17.85 2006.53 337.08 150 384.0 3.23 17.85 2010.99 349.06 160 402.0 3.44 17.85 2015.47 364.61 170 420.0 3.66 17.80 2019.54 380.17 180 439.5 3.87 17.80 2024.06 396.93 190 452.0 4.09 17.80 2028.60 407.30 200 464.0 4.31 17.80 2033.16 417.18 210 476.0 4.52 17.80 2037.75 427.00 220 487.0 4.74 17.80 2042.35 435.89 230 502.0 4.95 17.80 2046.98 448.30 240 514.5 5.17 17.80 2051.62 458.42 250 525.5 5.38 17.75 2055.84 467.26 260 534.0 5.60 17.75 2060.53 473.74 270 541.0 5.81 17.75 2065.24 478.85 280 547.0 6.03 17.75 2069.97 483.06 290 552.0 6.24 17.75 2074.72 486.36 300 556.0 6.46 17.75 2079.50 488.76 310 559.0 6.67 17.75 2084.29 490.26 320 561.0 6.89 17.75 2089.11 490.88 330 563.0 7.10 17.75 2093.95 491.49 340 562.5 7.32 17.75 2098.82 489.92 350 562.0 7.53 17.75 2103.70 488.35

53


Ua = 200 kPa U w = 50kPa a ' = 350kPa

Dry Density = 1640kg/m 3

Rate of Strain =0 .001" /min

Table A2-1 (e)



Ua = 250 kPa U w = 50kPa a3 =400kPa




0 0.0 0.00 18.45 1934.19 0.00 25 20.0 0.21 18.40 1937.87 18.87 50 50.0 0.42 18.35 1941.57 47.08 75 77.0 0.64 18.30 1945.28 72.36 100 118.0 0.85 18.25 1949.01 110.67 125 150.0 1.06 18.20 1952.76 140.42 150 177.0 1.27 18.15 1956.52 165.37 175 202.0 1.48 18.05 1959.86 188.41 200 229.0 1.69 18.05 1964.09 213.13 225 258.5 1.91 18.00 1967.90 240.12 250 293.0 2.12 17.95 1971.72 271.64 275 317.0 2.33 17.90 1975.57 293.32 300 338.5 2.54 17.85 1979.43 312.60 325 359.5 2.75 17.80 1983.30 331.35 350 380.0 2.97 17.70 1986.76 349.63 375 399.0 3.18 17.65 1990.67 366.40 400 414.5 3.39 17.60 1994.60 379.88 425 427.0 3.60 17.55 1998.54 390.56

' 450 441.5 3.81 17.50 2002.50 403.03 475 452.5 4.03 17.45 2006.48 412.25 500 463.5 4.24 17.40 2010.48 421.43 525 473.0 4.45 17.35 2014.49 429.21 550 483.5 4.66 17.30 2018.52 437.86 575 494.0 4.87 17.25 2022.57 446.48 600 503.5 5.08 17.20 2026.64 454.15 625 512.0 5.30 17.15 2030.73 460.89

~65'0 521.5 5.51 17.10 2034.83 468.49 675 530.0 5.72 17.05 2038.96 475.16 700 537.0 5.93 17.00 2043.10 480.46 725 545.5 6.14 16.95 2047.26 487.08 750 555.0 6.36 16.90 2051.44 494.55 775 560.5 6.57 16.85 2055.64 498.43 800 569.5 6.78 16.80 2059.85 505.40 825 577.0 6.99 16.75 2064.09 511.00...

54

850 585.0 7.20 16.70 2068.34 517.02 875 594.5 7.42 16.65 2072.62 524.33 900 603.5 7.63 16.60 2076.91 531.17 925 610.5 7.84 16.55 2081.23 536.22 950 617.0 8.05 16.50 2085.56 540.80 975 624.5 8.26 16.45 2089.92 546.23 1000 629.0 8.47 16.40 2094.29 549.02 1025 635.5 8.69 16.35 2098.69 553.53 1050 637.0 8.90 16.30 2103.10 553.68 1075 637.0 9.11 16.25 2107.54 552.51 1100 637.0 9.32 16.25 2112.46 551.22 1125 636.5 9.53 16.20 2116.94 549.62 1150 636.5 9.75 16.20 2121.91 548.34 1175 635.5 9.96 16.20 2126.90 546.19

55

Table A2-2 (a) to (e) - Triaxial test results for the five specimens of Kahagalla soil

Table A2-2 (a)


Sample : Kahagal la

U„ = 80 kPa U w = 50kPa a, = 230kPa



Vertical displ-. Proving ring Axial strain Volume gauge Corrected Deviator stress acement(div) rcading(div) (%) reading(ml) area(mm 2) (kN/m2)

0 0.0 0.00 6.85 1942.67 0.00 25 19.0 0.21 6.85 1946.79 17.84 50 33.0 0.42 6.85 1950.93 30.92 75 51.0 0.64 6.85 1955.09 47.68 100 67.0 0.85 6.85 1959.27 62.51 125 88.0 1.06 6.80 1963.04 81.95 150 110.0 1.27 6.80 1967.25 102.21 175 129.5 1.48 6.80 1971.48 120.08 200 144.5 1.69 6.80 1975.73 133.70 225 165.0 1.91 6.80 1980.00 152.33 250 186.0 2.12 6.80 1984.28 171.35 275 210.0 2.33 6.80 1988.59 193.04 300 235.0 2.54 6.75 1992.48 215.60 325 266.0 2.75 6.75 1996.82 243.51 350 294.0 2.97 6.75 2001.18 268.56 375 326.0 3.18 6.75 2005.56 297.14 400 352.0 3.39 6.75 2009.95 320.13

, , 4 2 5 380.0 3.60 6.75 2014.37 344.84 450 402.0 3.81 6.75 2018.81 364.00 475 412.0 4.03 6.70 2022.82 372.32 500 415.5 4.24 6.70 2027.30 374.65 525 420.0 4.45 6.70 2031.79 377.87 550 423.0 4.66 6.65 2035.86 379.81 575 423.0 4.87 6.65 2040.40 378.97 600 422.0 5.08 6.65 2044.95 377.23

-625 421.5 5.30 6.65 2049.53 375.94

56

Table A2-2 (b)


S a m p l e : K a h a g a l l a

Ua = 1 1 5 kPa U w = 50kPa a3 = 265kPa


Rate of Strain =0 .001" Anin


0 0.0 0.00 32.20 1940.55 0.00 10 22.0 0.22 32.20 1944.73 20.68 20 37.0 0.43 32.20 1948.94 34.70 30 58.0 0.65 32.20 1953.16 54.28 40 77.0 0.86 32.20 1957.40 71.91 50 92.0 1.08 32.15 1961.23 85.75 60 112.5 1.29 32.15 1965.51 104.63 70 131.5 1.51 32.15 1969.80 122.03 80 148.0 1.72 32.15 1974.12 137.05 90 169.5 1.94 32.15 1978.45 156.61 100 189.5 2.15 32.15 1982.80 174.71 110 213.0 2.37 32.10 1986.74 195.98 120 239.0 2.58 32.10 1991.13 219.42 130 268.0 2.80 32.10 1995.54 245.50 140 296.0 3.01 32.10 1999.97 270.55 150 318.0 3.23 32.10 2004.42 290.01 160 350.5 3.44 32.10 2008.89 318.94 170 375.5 3.66 32.10 2013.38 . 340.93 180 399.0 3.87 32.10 2017.S8 361.45 190 409.0 4.09 32.05 2021.97 369.76 200 423.0 4.31 32.05 2026.52 381.56 210 433.0 4.52 32.05 2031.09 389.70 220 441.0 4.74 32.05 2035.68 396.01 230 443.0 4.95 32.05 2040.29 396.91 240 445.0 5.17 32.05 2044.92 397.80 250 447.0 5.38 32.05 2049.57 398.68 260 447.0 5.60 32.00 2053.80 397.86 270 446.5 5.81 32.00 2058.49 396.51 280 446.0 6.03 32.00 2063.20 395.16 290 445.0 6.24 32.00 2067.94 393.37 300 445.0 6.46 32.00 2072.70 392.46

57

Table A2-2 (c)

C O N S O L I D A T E D D R A I N E D T R I A X I A L T E S T

Sample : Kahagalla

Vertical displ-. Proving ring Axial strain Volume gauge Corrected )eviator stress acement(div) reading(div) (%) reading(ml) area(mm 2) (kN/m2)

0 0.0 0.00 29.15 1944.36 0.00 10 25.0 0.22 29.15 1948.56 23.45 20 40.0 0.43 29.15 1952.77 37.44 30 61.0 0.65 29.15 1957.00 56.98 40 80.0 0.86 29.15 1961.25 74.56 50 95.0 1.08 29.20 1965.95 88.33 60 115.5 1.29 29.20 1970.23 107.16 70 135.0 1.51 29.20 1974.54 124.98 80 154.0 1.72 29.20 1978.86 142.26 90 175.5 1.94 29.20 1983.21 161.77 100 195.5 2.15 29.25 1988.00 179.77 110 219.5 2.37 29.25 1992.39 201.39 120 245.0 2.58 29.25 1996.79 224.29 130 276.0 2.80 29.25 2001.21 252.11 140 304.0 3.01 29.25 2005.65 277.07 150 326.0 3.23 29.30 2010.55 296.40 160 356.5 3.44 29.30 2015.03 323.41 170 381.5 3.66 29.30 2019.54 345.32 180 402.0 3.87 29.30 2024.06 363.06 190 417.0 4.09 29.30 2028.60 375.76

'200 424.5 4.31 29.30 2033.16 381.66 210 432.5 4.52 29.35 2038.19 387.90 220 440.5 4.74 29.35 2042.80 394.18 230 448.0 4.95 29.35 2047.42 399.99 240 455.0 5.17 29.35 2052.07 405.32 250 461.0 5.38 29.35 2056.74 409.73 260 468.0 5.60 29.35 2061.43 415.01 270 475.0 5.81 29.35 2066.14 420.25

^280 482.0 6.03 29.40 2071.32 425.38 290 486.0 6.24 29.40 2076.08 427.93 300 489.0 6.46 29.40 2080.86 429.58 310 491.0 6.67 29.40 2085.66 430.34 320 492.5 6.89 29.40 2090.48 430.66 330 492.0 7.10 29.40 2095.32 429.23 340 491.5 7.32 29.40 2100.19 427.80 350 491.0 7.53 29.40 2105.08 426.37

58

U a = 150kPa U w = 50kPa a 3 = 300kPa



Table A2-2 (d)


Sample : Kahagalla

Vertical displ-. acement(div)

Proving ring reading(div)

Axial strain (%)

Volume gauge reading(ml)

Corrected area(mm2)

)eviator stress (kN/m2)

0 0.0 0.00 19.90 1948.18 0.00 10 40.0 0.22 19.90 1952.38 37.45 20 68.0 0.43 19.90 1956.60 63.53 30 91.0 0.65 19.90 1960.84 84.84 40 110.5 0.86 19.90 1965.10 102.79 50 135.0 1.08 19.85 1968.95 125.34 60 158.0 1.29 19.85 1973.24 146.37 70 179.0 1.51 19.85 1977.55 165.46 80 202.0 1.72 19.85 1981.88 186.32 90 226.0 1.94 19.85 1986.23 208.00 100 246.0 2.15 19.85 1990.60 225.91 110 274.0 2.37 19.80 1994.56 251.12 120 300.5 2.58 19.80 1998.96 274.80 130 321.0 2.80 19.80 2003.39 292.90 140 348.0 3.01 19.80 2007.84 316.83 150 367.0 3.23 19.80 2012.30 333.39 160 388.0 3.44 19.80 2016.79 351.68 170 406.0 3.66 19.80 2021.30 367.17 180 420.0 3.87 19.75 2025.38 379.07 190 431.5 4.09 19.75 2029.93 388.58 200 442.0 4.31 19.75 2034.49 397.14 210 458.0 4.52 19.75 2039.08 410.59 220 468.0 4.74 19.75 2043.69 418.61 230 477.0 4.95 19.75 2048.32 425.69 240 485.0 5.17 19.75 2052.96 431.85 250 491.5 5.38 19.75 2057.64 436.65 260 498.0 5.60 19.70 2061.88 441.51 270 504.0 5.81 19.70 2066.59 445.81 280 509.0 6.03 19.70 2071.32 449.21 290 514.0 6.24 19.70 2076.08 452.58 300 517.5 6.46 19.70 2080.86 454.62 310 521.0 6.67 19.70 2085.66 456.64 320 523.5 6.89 19.70 2090.48 457.77 330 525.0 7.10 19.65 2094.87 458.12 340 524.5 7.32 19.65 2099.73 456.62 350 524.0 7.53 19.65 2104.62 455.13 360 523.5 7.75 19.65 2109.53 453.64 370 523.0 7.96 19.65 2114.46 452.15

59

U a = 200 kPa U w = 50kPa a = 350kPa



Table A2-2 (e)


Sample : Kahagalla

4

Vertical displ-. Proving ring Axial strain Volume gauge Corrected )eviator stress acement(div) reading(div) (%) reading(ml) area(mm 2) (kN/m2)

0 0.0 0.00 26.40 1945.63 0.00 10 39.5 0.22 26.40 1949.83 37.03 20 67.0 0.43 26.40 1954.05 62.68 30 89.0 0.65 26.40 1958.28 83.08 40 108.0 0.86 26.40 1962.53 100.60 50 132.0 1.08 26.35 1966.37 122.71 60 153.0 1.29 26.35 1970.66 14it92 70 176.5 1.51 26.35 1974.97 163.37 80 199.5 1.72 26.35 1979.29 184.25 90 223.5 1.94 26.35 1983.64 205.96 100 246.0 2.15 26.35 1988.00 226.20 1 10 274.0 2.37 26.30 1991.95 251.45 120 300.5 2.58 26.30 1996.35 275.16 130 320.0 2.80 26.30 2000.77 292.37 140 345.0 3.01 26.30 2005.22 314.51 150 364.0 3.23 26.30 2009.68 331.09 160 385.5 3.44 26.30 2014.16 349.87 170 399.0 3.66 26.25 2018.22 361.39 180 415.0 3.87 26.25 2022.74 375.05

' 190 431.5 4.09 26.25 2027.28 389.08 200 440.0 4.31 26.25 2031.84 395.86 210 452.0 4.52 26.25 2036.42 405.74 220 461.0 4.74 26.25 2041.02 412.89 230 469.0 4.95 26.25 2045.64 419.10 240 478.5 5.17 26.20 2049.84 426.72 250 488.0 5.38 26.20 2054.50 434.20 260 496.0 5.60 26.20 2059.18 440.31

~~270 503.0 5.81 26.20 2063.89 445.51 280 511.5 6.03 26.20 2068.62 452.00 290 520.0 6.24 26.20 2073.37 458.46 300 531.5 6.46 26.20 2078.14 467.53 310 540.0 6.67 26.15 2082.48 474.01 320 546.0 6.89 26.15 2087.29 478.17 330 550.5 7.10 26.15 2092.13 481.00 340 555.0 7.32 26.15 2096.99 483.81 350 559.0 7.53 26.15 2101.87 486.16

60

U„ = 250 kPa U w = 50kPa rj3 = 400kPa

Dry Density = 1425 kg/nv1


V , , , , ,

360 563.0 7.75 26.15 2106.77 488.50 370 566.0 7.96 26.10 2111.24 490.07 380 568.0 8.18 26.10 2116.19 490.65 390 567.5 8.39 26.10 2121.16 489.07 400 567.0 8.61 26.10 2126.16 487.49 410 566.0 8.83 26.10 2131.18 485.48

61

Table A2-3 (a) to (e) - Triaxial test results for the five specimens of Kahagalla soil

Table A2-3 (a)


S a m p l e : W a l h u p u t e n n a

U n = 80 kPa U w = 50kPa a3 = 230kPa

Dry Density = 1985 kg/nv1



0 0.0 0.00 17.95 1938.43 0.00 10 34.0 0.22 17.95 1942.61 31.99 20 75.0 0.43 17.95 1946.81 70.42 30 107.5 0.65 17.95 1951.03 100.72 40 135.0 0.86 17.95 1955.26 126.21 50 164.0 1.08 17.90 1959.09 153.03 60 195.0 1.29 17.90 1963.36 181.56 70 220.5 1.51 17.90 1967.65 204.85 80 248.0 1.72 17.90 1971.96 229.89 90 274.0 1.94 17.90 1976.29 253.44 100 299.5 2.15 17.90 1980.64 276.42 110 319.0 2.37 17.85 1984.57 293.83 120 339.0 2.58 17.85 1988.96 311.57 130 357.0 2.80 17.85 1993.36 327.38 140 375.0 3.01 17.85 1997.79 343.13 150 390.5 3.23 17.85 2002.23 356.52 160 411.5 3.44 17.85 2006.69 374.86

, 1 7 0 429.0 3.66 17.80 2010.74 390.01

180 447.5 3.87 17.80 2015.24 405.92 190 465.0 4.09 17.80 2019.76 420.85 200 484.0 4.31 17.80 2024.31 437.06 210 495.0 4.52 17.80 2028.87 445.99 220 504.0 4.74 17.80 2033.45 453.08 230 510.0 4.95 17.80 2038.06 457.44 240 513.0 5.17 17.80 2042.68 459.08 250- 515.0 5.38 17.75 2046.88 459.93 260 517.0 5.60 17.75 2051.55 460.66 270 518.0 5.81 17.75 2056.24 460.50 280 518.5 6.03 17.75 2060.95 459.89 290 518.0 6.24 17.75 2065.68 458.40 300 517.5 6.46 17.75 2070.43 456.90 310 517.0 6.67 17.75 2075.21 455.41 320 516.0 6.89 17.75 2080.01 453.48

62

Table A2-3 (b)


Vertical displ-. acement(div)

Proving ring reading(div)

Axial strain (%)

Volume gauge reading(ml)

Corrected area(mm2)

Deviator stress (kN/m2)

0 0.0 0.00 27.60 1943.94 0.00 10 36.0 0.22 27.60 1948.13 33.78 20 77.0 0.43 27.60 1952.34 72.10 30 109.0 0.65 27.60 1956.57 101.84 40 136.0 0.86 27.60 1960.82 126.79 50 166.0 1.08 27.60 1965.09 154.42 60 197.0 1.29 27.55 1968.94 182.90 70 222.0 1.51 27.55 1973.25 205.66 80 249.5 1.72 27.55 1977.57 230.63 90 276.0 1.94 27.55 1981.91 254.57 100 304.0 2.15 27.55 1986.27 279.78 110 323.0 2.37 27.55 1990.65 296.61 120 343.0 2.58 27.55 1995.05 314.28 130 363.0 2.80 27.50 1999.03 331.94 140 380.5 3.01 27.50 2003.47 347.18 150 396.0 3.23 27.50 2007.92 360.52 160 418.0 3.44 27.50 2012.40 379.70 170 435.0 3.66 27.50 2016.90 394.26 180 457.0 3.87 27.50 2021.41 413.27 190 469.5 4.09 27.50 2025.95 423.63 200 486.0 4.31 27.50 2030.51 437.53 210 495.0 4.52 27.45 2034.64 444.73 220 506.0 4.74 27.45 2039.24 453.59 230 515.0 4.95 27.45 2043.86 460.61 240 524.0 5.17 27.45 2048.49 467.60 250 530.0 5.38 27.45 2053.16 471.88 260 535.0 5.60 27.45 2057.84 475.25 270 539.5 5.81 27.45 2062.54 478.15 280 542.0 6.03 27.40 2066.81 479.37 290 544.0 6.24 27.40 2071.56 480.04 300 545.0 6.46 27.40 2076.32 479.82 310 544.5 6.67 27.40 2081.11 478.28 320 544.0 6.89 27.40 2085.93 476.73 330 543.5 7.10 27.40 2090.76 475.20 340 543.0 7.32 27.40 2095.61 473.66

63

Sample : Walhuputenna

U a = 115 kPa U w = 50kPa rj 3 = 265kPa



Table A2-3 (c)



Vertical displ-. 'roving ring Axial strain Volume gauge Corrected Deviator stress acement(div) reading(div) (%) reading(ml) area(mm2) (kN/m2)

0 0.0 0.00 27.80 1945.63 0.00 10 35.0 0.22 27.80 1949.83 32.81 20 69.5 0.43 27.80 1954.05 65.02 30 104.5 0.65 27.80 1958.28 97.55 40 133.0 0.86 27.80 1962.53 123.88 50 163.0 1.08 27.80 1966.80 151.50 60 196.0 1.29 27.80 1971.09 181.77 70 219.0 1.51 27.75 1974.97 202.70 80 246.0 1.72 27.75 1979.29 227.20 90 273.0 1.94 27.75 1983.64 251.58 100 301.0 2.15 27.75 1988.00 276.77 110 321.5 2.37 27.75 1992.39 294.97 120 341.0 2.58 27.75 1996.79 312.18 130 361.0 2.80 27.75 2001.21 329.75 140 378.5 3.01 27.75 2005.65 344.97 150 393.0 3.23 27.70 2009.68 357.47 160 416.0 3.44 27.70 2014.16 377.55 170 433.0 3.66 27.70 2018.66 392.10 180 454.0 3.87 27.70 2023.18 410.20 190 469.5 4.09 27.70 2027.72 423.26 200 483.0 4.31 27.70 2032.28 434.45

, ... 210 490.0 4.52 27.70 2036.86 439.76 220 501.5 4.74 27.65 2041.02 449.16 230 513.0 4.95 27.65 2045.64 458.42 240 521.5 5.17 27.65 2050.28 464.96 250 528.0 5.38 27.65 2054.95 469.69 260 535.5 5.60 27.65 2059.63 475.28 270 541.5 5.81 27.65 2064.34 479.51 280 551.5 6.03 27.65 2069.07 487.24 290 559.5 6.24 27.60 2073.37 493.29

" 3 0 0 565.0 6.46 27.60 2078.14 496.99 310 570.0 6.67 27.60 2082.93 500.24 320 573.0 6.89 27.60 2087.75 501.71 330 575.0 7.10 27.60 2092.58 502.30 340 576.0 7.32 27.60 2097.44 502.01 350 575.0 7.53 27.60 2102.33 499.97 360 573.0 7.75 27.60 2107.23 497.07 370 571.0 7.96 27.60 2112.16 494.18^ -v

64 ^ u i i t v . ! ; . . .

U„ = 150kPa U w = 50kPa c 3 = 300kPa


Rate of Strain = 0.001" per /min

Table A2-3 (d)



0 0.0 0.00 22.70 1944.79 0.00 10 33.0 0.22 22.70 1948.98 30.95 20 68.0 0.43 22.70 1953.20 63.64 30 103.0 0.65 22.70 1957.43 96.19 40 129.0 0.86 22.70 1961.68 120.21 50 159.0 1.08 22.70 1965.95 147.84 60 194.0 1.29 22.65 1969.80 180.03 70 215.0 1.51 22.65 1974.11 199.09 80 242.0 1.72 22.65 1978.43 223.60 90 270.0 1.94 22.65 1982.78 248.92 100 297.5 2.15 22.65 1987.14 273.68 110 317.0 2.37 22.65 1991.52 290.97 120 339.0 2.58 22.65 1995.92 310.48 130 357.0 2.80 22.65 2000.34 326.24 140 378.5 3.01 22.60 2004.34 345.20 150 393.0 3.23 22.60 2008.80 357.63 160 416.0 3.44 22.60 2013.28 377.72 170 433.0 3.66 22.60 2017.78 392.28 180 454.0 3.87 22.60 2022.29 410.38 190 469.5 4.09 22.60 2026.83 423.44 200 483.0 4.31 22.60 2031.39 434.64 210 492.0 4.52 22.60 2035.97 441.74 220 502.5 4.74 22.60 2040.57 450.15 230 517.0 4.95 22.55 2044.75 462.20 240 525.0 5.17 22.55 2049.39 468.29 250 535.0 5.38 22.55 2054.05 476.12 260 546.0 5.60 22.55 2058.73 484.81 270 553.0 5.81 22.55 2063.44 489.90 280 562.0 6.03 22.55 2068.17 496.74 290 569.0 6.24 22.55 2072.91 501.77 300 577.0 6.46 22.55 2077.68 507.66 310 585.0 6.67 22.50 2082.02 513.63 320 594.0 6.89 22.50 2086.84 520.32 330 601.0 7.10 22.50 2091.67 525.24 340 607.0 7.32 22.50 2096.53 529.25 350 611.5 7.53 22.50 2101.41 531.94 360 613.0 7.75 22.50 2106.31 532.00 370 612.5 7.96 22.50 2111.24 530.33 380 612.5 8.18 22.50 2116.19 529.09 390 612.0 8.39 22.50 2121.16 527.42 400 611.5 8.61 22.50 2126.16 525.75 410 611.0 8.83 22.50 2131.18 524.08

65


U a = 200kPa U w = 50kPa a 3 = 350kPa Dry Density = 1985 kg/m3


Table A2-3 (e)


Sample : W a l h u p u t e n n a

U a = 250kPa U w = 50kPa a 3 = 400kPa




0 0.0 0.00 23.50 1943.09 0.00 10 40.0 0.22 23.50 1947.28 37.55 20 71.5 0.43 23.50 1951.49 66.98 30 107.0 0.65 23.50 1955.72 100.01 40 135.0 0.86 23.50 1959.97 125.91 50 164.0 1.08 23.50 1964.23 152.63 60 189.0 1.29 23.50 1968.52 175.51 70 217.0 1.51 23.45 1972.39 201.11 80 246.5 1.72 23.45 1976.71 227.96 90 273.0 1.94 23.45 1981.05 251.91 100 299.5 2.15 23.45 1985.40 275.76 110 315.0 2.37 23.45 1989.78 289.39 120 341.0 2.58 23.45 1994.18 312.58 130 361.5 2.80 23.45 1998.59 330.64 140 382.0 3.01 23.45 2003.03 348.62 150 395.0 3.23 23.40 2007.05 359.76 160 416.0 3.44 23.40 2011.52 378.05 170 435.0 3.66 23.40 2016.02 394.43 180 455.0 3.87 23.40 2020.53 411.64

' '190 469.0 4.09 23.40 2025.07 423.36 200 485.0 4.31 23.40 2029.62 436.82 210 500.5 4.52 23.40 2034.20 449.77 220 510.5 4.74 23.40 2038.79 457.72 230 524.0 4.95 23.40 2043.41 468.76 240 533.0 5.17 23.40 2048.05 475.73 250 547.0 5.38 23.40 2052.71 487.12 260 555.0 5.60 23.35 2056.94 493.23

"270 566.0 5.81 23.35 2061.64 501.86 280 573.0 6.03 23.35 2066.36 506.90 290 580.0 6.24 23.35 2071.11 511.92 300 588.0 6.46 23.35 2075.87 517.79 310 596.5 6.67 23.35 2080.66 524.07 320 605.0 6.89 23.35 2085.47 530.31 330 615.0 7.10 23.35 2090.30 537.83 340 624.0 7.32 23.35 2095.16 544.43 350 632.0 7.53 23.35 2100.03 550.13

66

360 637.0 7.75 23.35 2104.93 553.19 370 643.0 7.96 23.30 2109.40 557.22 380 649.0 8.18 23.30 2114.34 561.11 390 650.0 8.39 23.30 2119.31 560.65 400 651.5 8.61 23.30 2124.30 560.63 410 651.5 8.83 23.30 2129.32 559.31 420 651.0 9.04 23.30 2134.36 557.56 430 650.0 9.26 23.30 2139.42 555.38 440 649.0 9.47 23.30 2144.51 553.21

4

67

Table A2-4 (a) to (e) - Triaxial test results for the five specimens of Beragala soil

Table A2-4 (a)


S a m p l e : Beraga la

U a = 80 kPa U w = 50kPa o, = 230kPa

Dry Density = 1480 kg/m/



0 0.0 0.00 33.00 1943.09 0.00 10 13.0 0.22 33.00 1947.28 12.20 20 39.0 0.43 33.00 1951.49 36.53 30 67.0 0.65 33.00 1955.72 62.62 40 89.5 0.86 33.00 1959.97 83.47 50 114.0 1.08 33.00 1964.23 106.09 60 142.0 1.29 33.00 1968.52 131.86 70 167.0 1.51 32.95 1972.39 154.77 80 192.0 1.72 32.95 1976.71 177.56 90 211.0 1.94 32.95 1981.05 194.70 100 232.0 2.15 32.95 1985.40 213.61 110 257.0 2.37 32.95 1989.78 236.10 120 272.0 2.58 32.95 1994.18 249.33 130 290.0 2.80 32.95 1998.59 265.25 140 306.0 3.01 32.95 2003.03 279.26 150 321.5 3.23 32.95 2007.49 292.76 160 335.0 3.44 32.90 2011.52 304.44 170 348.0 3.66 32.90 2016.02 315.55 180 360.0 3.87 32.90 2020.53 325.70 190 372.0 4.09 32.90 2025.07 335.80 200 384.0 4.31 32.90 2029.62 345.85 210 398.0 4.52 32.90 2034.20 357.66 220 406.0 4.74 32.90 2038.79 364.02 230 416.0 4.95 32.90 2043.41 372.15 240 424.5 5.17 32.90 2048.05 378.89 250 432.0 5.38 32.90 2052.71 384.71 260 439.0 5.60 32.85 2056.94 390.14 270 444.0 5.81 32.85 2061.64 393.68

^280 449.0 6.03 32.85 2066.36 397.21 290 453.5 6.24 32.85 2071.11 400.27 300 456.0 6.46 32.85 2075.87 401.55 310 457.0 6.67 32.85 2080.66 401.51 320 456.5 6.89 32.85 2085.47 400.14 330 456.0 7.10 32.85 2090.30 398.78 340 455.0 7.32 32.85 2095.16 396.98

68

Table A2-4 (b)


Vertical displ-. 'roving ring Axial strain Volume gauge Corrected Deviator stress acement(div) reading(div) (%) reading(ml) area(mm2) (kN/m2)

0 0.0 0.00 32.40 1942.24 0.00 10 47.0 0.22 32.40 1946.43 44.14 20 83.0 0.43 32.40 1950.64 77.78 30 108.0 0.65 32.40 1954.87 100.99 40 137.0 0.86 32.40 1959.11 127.83 50 162.0 1.08 32.40 1963.37 150.83 60 184.0 1.29 32.40 1967.66 170.94 70 208.0 1.51 32.35 1971.53 192.86 80 223.0 1.72 32.35 1975.84 206.31 90 244.0 1.94 32.35 1980.18 225.25 100 264.0 2.15 32.35 1984.54 243.18 110 280.0 2.37 32.35 1988.91 257.35 120 296.0 2.58 32.35 1993.31 271.45 130 310.0 2.80 32.35 1997.72 283.66 140 326.0 3.01 32.35 2002.16 297.64 150 343.0 3.23 32.35 2006.61 312.47 160 357.0 3.44 32.35 2011.08 324.50 170 369.0 3.66 32.30 2015.14 334.73 180 380.0 3.87 32.30 2019.65 343.94 190 389.0 4.09 32.30 2024.18 351.30 200 398.0 4.31 32.30 2028.73 358.62 210 408.0 4.52 32.30 2033.31 366.80 220 418.0 4.74 32.30 2037.90 374.95 230 425.0 4.95 32.30 2042.52 380.36 240 433.0 5.17 32.30 2047.15 386.65 250 440.0 5.38 32.30 2051.81 392.00 260 448.0 5.60 32.25 2056.04 398.31 270 455.0 5.81 32.25 2060.74 403.61 280 461.0 6.03 32.25 2065.46 408.00 290 467.0 6.24 32.25 2070.20 412.36 300 472.0 6.46 32.25 2074.97 415.82 310 476.0 6.67 32.25 2079.75 418.38 320 480.5 6.89 32.25 2084.56 421.36 330 483.0 7.10 32.25 2089.39 422.58 340 485.0 7.32 32.25 2094.24 423.34 350 486.0 7.53 32.25 2099.12 423.23 360 485.5 7.75 32.20 2103.56 421.90 370 485.0 7.96 32.20 2108.48 420.48 380 484.0 8.18 32.20 2113.42 418.64 390 483.0 8.39 32.20 2118.38 416.79 400 481.0 8.61 32.20 2123.37 414.09

69

S a m p l e : B e r a g a l a

U „ = 1 1 5 k P a U w = 50kPa a 3 = 265kPa



Table A2-4 (c)



0 0.0 0.00 31.60 1935.46 0.00 10 15.5 0.22 31.60 1939.64 14.61 20 36.0 0.43 31.60 1943.83 33.85 30 65.0 0.65 31.60 1948.04 60.99 40 86.0 0.86 31.60 1952.27 80.53 50 109.5 1.08 31.60 1956.52 102.31 60 135.0 1.29 31.60 1960.79 125.86 70 161.0 1.51 31.60 1965.07 149.77 80 186.0 1.72 31.60 1969.37 172.65 90 207.0 1.94 31.55 1973.27 191.76 100 228.0 2.15 31.55 1977.61 210.75 110 252.0 2.37 31.55 1981.97 232.42 120 269.5 2.58 31.55 1986.35 248.02 130 286.0 2.80 31.55 1990.74 262.62 140 301.5 3.01 31.55 1995.16 276.24 150 318.0 3.23 31.55 1999.60 290.71 160 331.0 3.44 31.55 2004.06 301.92 170 344.0 3.66 31.55 2008.54 313.08 180 358.0 3.87 31.55 2013.03 325.09 190 369.0 4.09 31.50 2017.11 334.41 200 381.5 4.31 31.50 2021.65 344.96 210 394.0 4.52 31.50 2026.21 355.46

• • 220 405.0 4.74 31.50 2030.78 364.56 230 417.0 4.95 31.50 2035.38 374.51 240 426.5 5.17 31.50 2040.00 382.18 250 436.0 5.38 31.50 2044.64 389.80 260 447.0 5.60 31.50 2049.31 398.73 270 459.0 5.81 31.50 2053.99 408.50 280 468.0 6.03 31.50 2058.69 415.56 290 478.0 6.24 31.50 2063.42 423.46 300 487.0 6.46 31.45 2067.72 430.54

" 5 i o 494.0 6.67 31.45 2072.48 435.72 320 500.5 6.89 31.45 2077.28 440.44 330 505.0 7.10 31.45 2082.09 443.37 340 507.5 7.32 31.45 2086.92 444.53 350 509.0 7.53 31.45 2091.78 444.81 360 510.0 7.75 31.45 2096.66 444.65 370 509.5 7.96 31.45 2101.57 443.18 380 509.0 8.18 31.45 2106.49 4 4 1 . 7 1 ^ 390 508.0 8.39 31.45 2111.44

70

Sample : Beragala

U a = 150 kPa U w = 50kPa o 3 = 300kPa

Dry Density = 1480 kg/in3


Table A2-4 (d)


S a m p l e : B e r a g a l a

U„ = 200 kPa U w = 50kPa a 3 = 350kPa




0 0.0 0.00 30.90 1938.00 0.00 10 14.5 0.22 30.90 1942.19 13.65 20 36.0 0.43 30.90 1946.38 33.81 30 60.0 0.65 30.90 1950.60 56.23 40 83.0 0.86 30.90 1954.84 77.61 50 108.0 1.08 30.90 1959.09 100.77 60 132.0 1.29 30.90 1963.36 122.90 70 153.0 1.51 30.90 1967.65 142.14 80 179.0 1.72 30.90 1971.96 165.93 90 199.5 1.94 30.90 1976.29 184.53 100 220.5 2.15 30.90 1980.64 203.51 110 241.0 2.37 30.90 1985.01 221.94 120 254.0 2.58 30.90 1989.39 233.39 130 270.5 2.80 30.90 1993.80 248.01 140 289.0 3.01 30.85 1997.79 264.44 150 303.0 3.23 30.85 2002.23 276.63 160 317.0 3.44 30.85 2006.69 288.77 170 333.0 3.66 30.85 2011.18 302.67 180 351.5 3.87 30.85 2015.68 318.77 190 367.0 4.09 30.85 2020.20 332.08 200 381.0 4.31 30.85 2024.75 343.98 210 396.0 4.52 30.85 2029.31 356.72 220 409.5 4.74 30.85 2033.90 368.04 230 426.0 4.95 30.85 2038.50 382.01 240 440.0 5.17 30.85 2043.13 393.67 250 454.0 5.38 30.85 2047.78 405.27 260 467.0 5.60 30.85 2052.45 415.93 270 479.0 5.81 30.85 2057.14 425.65 280 490.0 6.03 30.85 2061.85 434.43 290 496.0 6.24 30.80 2066.13 438.83 300 505.0 6.46 30.80 2070.89 445.77 310 513.0 6.67 30.80 2075.66 451.79 320 520.0 6.89 30.80 2080.46 456.90 330 526.0 7.10 30.80 2085.28 461.10 340 532.0 7.32 30.80 2090.13 465.28 350 536.0 7.53 30.80 2094.99 467.69

71

360 540.0 7.75 30.80 2099.88 470.08 370 543.0 7.96 30.80 2104.79 471.59 380 542.5 8.18 30.80 2109.73 470.06 390 542.0 8.39 30.80 2114.68 468.52 400 541.0 8.61 30.80 2119.66 466.56 410 539.0 8.83 30.80 2124.67 463.74 420 536.0 9.04 30.80 2129.70 460.07

Table A2-4 (ej/


Sample : Beragala

Ua = 250 kPa U w = 50kPa a3 = 400kPa


Rate of Strain = 0 . 0 0 1 " /min


0 0.0 0.00 29.70 1936.31 0.00 10 16.0 0.22 29.70 1940.49 15.07 20 35.0 0.43 29.70 1944.68 32.90 30 59.0 0.65 29.70 1948.89 55.34 40 82.0 0.86 29.70 1953.13 76.75 50 105.0 1.08 29.70 1957.38 98.06 60 128.0 1.29 29.70 1961.64 119.28 70 152.0 1.51 29.70 1965.93 141.34 80 174.0 1.72 29.70 1970.24 161.44 90 196.0 1.94 29.70 1974.56 181.45 100 216.0 2.15 29.70 1978.91 199.53 110 236.0 2.37 29.70 1983.27 217.52 120 252.0 2.58 29.70 1987.65 231.76 130 271.0 2.80 29.70 1992.05 248.68 140 288.0 3.01 29.65 1996.04 263.75 150 305.0 3.23 29.65 2000.48 278.70 160 322.0 3.44 29.65 2004.94 293.58 170 337.0 3.66 29.65 2009.42 306.57 180 352.0 3.87 29.65 2013.92 319.50 190 369.0 4.09 29.65 2018.44 334.19 200 388.0 4.31 29.65 2022.98 350.60 210 407.0 4.52 29.65 2027.54 366.95 220 423.0 4.74 29.65 2032.12 380.51 230 440.5 4.95 29.65 2036.72 395.36 240 453.0 5.17 29.65 2041.34 405.66 250 469.0 5.38 29.65 2045.99 419.03 260 481.0 5.60 29.65 2050.65 428.77 270 493.0 5.81 29.65 2055.34 438.47 280 505.0 6.03 29.65 2060.05 448.12 290 516.0 6.24 29.65 2064.78 456.83 300 526.0 6.46 29.60 2069.07 464.71 310 535.0 6.67 29.60 2073.85 471.58 320 544.0 6.89 29.60 2078.64 478.40 330 552.0 7.10 29.60 2083.46 484.32 340 559.0 7.32 29.60 2088.30 489.32 350 566.0 7.53 29.60 2093.16 494.30

73

360 573.0 7.75 29.60 2098.04 499.25 370 577.0 7.96 29.60 2102.95 501.56 380 581.5 8.18 29.60 2107.88 504.29 390 583.0 8.39 29.60 2112.83 504.41 400 582.0 8.61 29.60 2117.81 502.36 410 580.5 8.83 29.60 2122.81 499.88 420 579.0 9.04 29.60 2127.83 497.41 430 576.0 9.26 29.60 2132.88 493.67

4

74

1

A N N E X - 3

4

G r a p h i c a l A n a l y s i s f o r N a k e t i y a S o i l

Centre of Circle = (g,0), Radius of Circle = r, Friction Angle in Degrees = 26.04, Radian 0.454484

rl 165.03 r2 190.89 gl 315.03 g2 340.89 fl 0 f2 0 C l 72009 c 1 29.75254 C 2 79767 c2 45.89912

X Circle 1 Tanj ;ent 1 Circle 2 Tangent 2 0 #NUM! 29.75 #NUM! 45.90 5 #NUM! 32.20 #NUM! 48.34

10 #NUM! 34.64 #NUM! 50.79 15 #NUM! 37.08 #NUM! 53.23 20 #NUM! 39.52 #NUM! 55.67 25 #NUM! 41.97 #NUM! 5 8 . 1 1 30 #NUM! 44.41 #NUM! 60.56 35 #NUM! 46.85 #NUM! 63.00 40 #NUM! 49.30 #NUM! 65.44 45 #NUM! 51.74 #NUM! 67.89 50 #NUM! 54.18 #NUM! 70.33 55 #NUM! 56.63 #NUM! 72.77 60 #NUM! 59.07 #NUM! 75.21 65 #NUM! 61 .51 #NUM! 77.66 70 #NUM! 63.95 #NUM! 80.10 75 #NUM! 66.40 #NUM! 82.54 80 #NUM! 68.84 #NUM! 84.99 85 #NUM! 71.28 #NUM! 87.43 90 #NUM! 73.73 #NUM! 89.87 95 #NUM! 76.17 #NUM! 92.32

100 #NUM! 78.61 #NUM! 94.76 105 #NUM! 81.06 #NUM! 97.20 1 1 0 #NUM! 83.50 #NUM! 99.64 1 1 5 #NUM! 85.94 #NUM! 102.09 120 #NUM! 88.38 #NUM! 104.53 125 #NUM! 90.83 #NUM! 106.97 130 #NUM! 93.27 #NUM! 109.42 135 #NUM! 95.71 #NUM! 1 1 1 . 8 6 140 #NUM! 98.16 #NUM! 114.30 145 #NUM! 100.60 #NUM! 116.75 150 0.00 103.04 0.00 1 1 9 . 1 9 155 40.32 105.49 43.40 121.63 160 56.57 107.93 60.97 124.07 165 68.75 110.37 74.17 126.52 170 78.75 112.81 85.06 128.96 175 87.33 115.26 94.44 131.40

. ^ ., . 180 94.88 117.70 102.73 133.85 185 101.62 120.14 1 1 0 . 1 7 136.29 190 107.71 122.59 116.92 138.73 195 113.26 125.03 1 2 3 . 1 1 1 4 1 . 1 8 200 118.33 127.47 128.80 143.62 205 123.00 129.91 134.06 146.06 210 127.29 132.36 138.95 148.50 2 1 5 131.26 134.80 143.49 150.95 220 134.92 137.24 147.73 153.39 225 138.31 139.69 151.69 155.83

75

Cont'd G r a p h i c a l A n a l y s i s f o r N a k e t i y a S o i l

230 141.44 142.13 155.38 158.28 235 144.33 144.57 158.83 160.72 240 146.99 147.02 162.05 163.16 245 149.43 149.46 165.06 165.61 250 151.68 151.90 167.86 168.05 255 153.72 154.34 170.48 170.49 260 155.58 156.79 172.90 172.93 265 157.26 159.23 175.16 175.38 2 7 0 158.77 161.67 177.24 177.82 275 160.10 164.12 179.16 180.26 280 161.27 166.56 180.92 182.71 285 162.27 169.00 182.52 185.15 290 163.12 171.45 183.98 187.59 295 163.81 173.89 185.29 190.04 300 164.34 176.33 186.46 192.48 305 164.72 178.77 187.49 194.92 310 164.95 181.22 188.37 197.36 315 165.03 183.66 189.13 199.81 320 164.96 186.10 189.74 202.25 325 164.73 188.55 190.23 204 .69 330 164.35 190.99 190.58 207 .14 335 163.82 193.43 190.80 209.58 340 163.13 195.88 190.89 212 .02 345 162.29 198.32 190.85 214.47 350 161.28 200.76 190.67 216.91 355 160.12 203.20 190.37 219.35 360 158.78 205.65 189.93 221 .79 365 157.28 208.09 189.36 224 .24 370 155.61 210.53 188.66 226 .68 375 153.75 212.98 187.82 229 .12 380 151.70 215.42 186.84 231 .57 385 149.46 217.86 185.72 234.01 390 147.02 220.31 184.46 236.45 395 144.36 222.75 183.06 238 .89 4 0 0 141.47 225.19 181.51 241 .34 405 138.35 227.63 179.80 243.78 4 1 0 134.97 230.08 177.94 246 .22 415 131.30 232.52 175.92 248.67 4 2 0 127.34 234.96 173.73 251.11 425 123.05 237.41 171.36 253.55 4 3 0 118.39 239.85 168.81 256 .00 435 113.32 242.29 166.08 258.44 4 4 0 107.78 244.74 163.14 260.88 445 101.70 247.18 160.00 263 .32 4 5 0 94 .96 249 .62 156.63 265.77 455 87.43 252.06 153.03 268.21 4 6 0 78 .86 254.51 149.17 270.65 465 68 .88 256.95 145.04 273 .10 4 7 0 56 .74 259.39 140.60 275.54 475 40 .55 261.84 135.84 277.98 4 8 0 4.45 264.28 130.72 280 .43 485 # N U M ! 266 .72 125.19 282.87 4 9 0 # N U M ! 269.17 119.19 285.31 495 # N U M ! 271.61 112.65 287.75 5 0 0 # N U M ! 274.05 105.47 290 ,20

76

•

y

Cont'd Graphica l Analys is for Naket iya Soil 505 # N U M ! 276.49 97 .50 292 .64 510 # N U M ! 278.94 88.55 295 .08 515 # N U M ! 281.38 78 .26 297 .53 520 # N U M ! 283.82 66 .02 299 .97 525 # N U M ! 286.27 50.42 302.41 530 # N U M ! 288.71 26.01 304 .86 535 # N U M ! 291.15 # N U M ! 307 .30 540 # N U M ! 293.59 # N U M ! 309 .74 545 # N U M ! 296.04 # N U M ! 312.18 5 5 0 # N U M ! 298.48 # N U M ! 314 .63 555 # N U M ! 300.92 # N U M ! 317.07 560 # N U M ! 303.37 # N U M ! 319.51 565 # N U M ! 305.81 # N U M ! 321 .96 570 # N U M ! 308.25 # N U M ! 324 .40 575 # N U M ! 310.70 # N U M ! 326 .84 580 # N U M ! 313.14 # N U M ! 329.29 585 # N U M ! 315.58 # N U M ! 331 .73 590 # N U M ! 318.02 # N U M ! 334.17 595 # N U M ! 320.47 # N U M ! 336.61 600 # N U M ! 322.91 # N U M ! 339 .06 605 # N U M ! 610 # N U M ! 615 # N U M ! 620 # N U M ! 625 # N U M ! 630 # N U M ! 635 # N U M ! 640 # N U M ! 645 # N U M ! 650 # N U M ! 655 # N U M ! 660 # N U M ! 665 # N U M ! 670 # N U M ! 675 # N U M ! 680 # N U M !

. .. 685 # N U M ! 690 # N U M ! 695 # N U M ! 700 # N U M ! 705 # N U M ! 710 # N U M ! 715 # N U M ! 720 # N U M ! 725 # N U M !

• •

77

Cont'd ,, Graphica l Analys i s for Naket iya Soil r3 2 1 6 . 3 7 r4 2 4 5 . 7 5

9 3 3 6 6 . 3 7 9 4 3 9 5 . 7 5 f3 0 i 4 0

9 6 2 2 3 . C 3 8 7 4 1 1 c 3 6 1 . 8 0 8 4 2 C 4 5 c 4 8 0 . 1 4 9 7 0 6 2

Tangent Circle 3 Tangent 3 Circle 4 4

# N U M ! 61.81 # N U M ! 80.15 # N U M ! 64.25 # N U M ! 82.59 # N U M ! 66.69 # N U M ! 85.04 # N U M ! 69 .14 # N U M ! 87.48 # N U M ! 71.58 # N U M ! 89.92 # N U M ! 74 .02 # N U M ! 92 .36 # N U M ! 76.47 # N U M ! 94.81 # N U M ! 78.91 # N U M ! 97.25 # N U M ! 81.35 ' # N U M ! 99 .69 # N U M ! 83 .80 # N U M ! 102.14 # N U M ! 86.24 # N U M ! 104.58 # N U M ! 88.68 # N U M ! 107.02 # N U M ! 91 .12 # N U M ! 109.47 # N U M ! 93.57 # N U M ! 111.91 # N U M ! 96.01 # N U M ! 114.35 # N U M ! 98.45 # N U M ! 116.79 # N U M ! 100.90 # N U M ! 119.24 # N U M ! 103.34 # N U M ! 121.68 # N U M ! 105.78 # N U M ! 124.12 # N U M ! 108.23 # N U M ! 126.57 # N U M ! 110.67 # N U M ! 129.01 # N U M ! 113.11 # N U M ! 131.45 # N U M ! 115.55 # N U M ! 133.90 # N U M ! 118.00 # N U M ! 136.34 # N U M ! 120.44 # N U M ! 138.78 # N U M ! 122.88 # N U M ! 141.22 # N U M ! 125.33 # N U M ! 143.67 # N U M ! 127.77 # N U M ! 146.11 # N U M ! 130.21 # N U M ! 148.55 # N U M ! 132.66 # N U M ! 151.00

0 .00 135.10 0.00 153.44 46 .25 137.54 49 .32 155.88 65 .02 139.98 69.39 158.33 79 .16 142.43 84.54 160.77 90 .86 144.87 97.11 163.21

100.96 147.31 107.99 165.65 109.92 149.76 117.66 168.10 117.99 152.20 126.40 170.54 125.34 154.64 134.39 172.98 132.09 157.08 141.75 175.43 138.34 159.53 148.57 177.87 144.14 161.97 154.94 180.31 149.55 164.41 160.90 182.76 154.61 166.86 166.50 185.20 159.35 169.30 171.77 187.64 163.80 171.74 176.74 190.08 167.99 174.19 181.44 192.53

78

Cont'd Graphica l Analys is for Naket iya Soil 171.92 176.63 185.88 194.97 175.63 179.07 190.09 197.41 179.12 181.51 194.08 199.86 182.41 183.96 197.86 202 .30 185.51 186.40 201.45 204.74 188.42 188.84 204.85 207.18 191.15 191.29 208.08 209.63 193.72 193.73 211.14 212.07 196.13 196.17 214.04 214.51 198.38 198.62 216.78 216 .96 200 .49 201.06 219.38 219 .40 202 .44 203.50 221.83 221 .84 204 .26 205.94 224.15 224 .29 205 .94 208.39 226.33 226 .73 207 .48 210.83 228.38 229.17 208 .90 213.27 230.30 231.61 210 .18 215 .72 232 .10 234 .06 211.34 218.16 233.78 236 .50 212.38 220 .60 235 .34 238 .94 213 .29 223.05 236.79 241.39 214.08 225.49 238 .12 243 .83 214 .76 227.93 239.34 246.27 215.31 230.37 240.45 248 .72 215.75 232 .82 241.45 251 .16 216.07 235 .26 242.34 253 .60 216 .28 237 .70 243.13 256.04 216.37 240.15 243.81 258 .49 216.34 242.59 244.39 260.93 216 .20 245.03 244.87 263.37 215 .94 247.48 245.24 265 .82 215.57 249 .92 245.51 268 .26 215.08 252.36 245.68 270 .70 214.47 254 .80 245.74 273.15 213 .74 257.25 245.71 275.59 212 .89 259.69 245.57 278 .03 21 1.93 262.13 245.33 280.47 210 .83 264.58 244.99 282 .92 209 .62 267.02 244.55 285.36 208.28 269.46 244 .00 287 .80 206 .80 271.91 243.35 290.25 2 0 5 . 2 0 274.35 242.59 292 .69 203 .46 276.79 241 .73 295 .13 201.58 279.23 240.76 297.58 199.55 281.68 239.68 300 .02 197.38 284 .12 238.49 302.46 195.06 286.56 237 .20 304 .90 192.58 289.01 235.78 307.35 189.94 291.45 234.26 309.79 187.12 293 .89 232.61 312.23 184.13 296.34 230.85 314.68 180.95 298.78 228.96 317 .12 177.57 301.22 226.95 319.56 173.98 303.66 224.81 322.01 170.17 306.11 222.53 324.45 166.13 308.55 220 .12 326.89

79

Cont'd Graphica l Analys is for Naket iya Soil 161.82 310.99 217.57 329 .33 157.24 313.44 214.87 331.78 152.36 315.88 212 .02 334 .22 147.15 318.32 209.01 336 .66 141.57 320.76 205.83 339.11 135.57 323.21 202.48 341.55 129.11 325.65 198.95 343 .99 122.10 328.09 195.23 346.44 114.44 330.54 191.30 348.88 105.99 332.98 187.16 351 .32 96 .56 335 .42 182.79 353 .76 85 .80 337.87 178.17 356.21 73 .15 340.31 173.28 358.65 57 .35 342.75 168.10 361.09 34 .32 345.19 162.61 363 .54

# N U M ! 347.64 156.76 365.98 # N U M ! 350.08 150.52 368 .42 # N U M ! 352.52 143.83 370 .86 # N U M ! 354.97 136.64 373.31 # N U M ! 128.85 # N U M ! 120.36 # N U M ! 110.99 # N U M ! 100.50 # N U M ! 88 .50 # N U M ! 74.26 # N U M ! 56 .10 # N U M ! 27 .02 # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! #NUTvl! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M !

•7<

80

Cont'd Graphica l Analysis for Naket iya Soil r5 276.84 g5 426.84 15 0 C5 105552 c5 99.56493

Circle 5 Tangent 5 # N U M ! 99.56 # N U M ! 102.01 # N U M ! 104.45 # N U M ! 106.89 # N U M ! 109.34 # N U M ! 111.78 # N U M ! 114.22 # N U M ! 116.67 # N U M ! 119.11 # N U M ! 121.55 # N U M ! 123.99 # N U M ! 126.44 # N U M ! 128.88 # N U M ! 131.32 # N U M ! 133.77 # N U M ! 136.21 # N U M ! 138.65 # N U M ! 141.10 # N U M ! 143.54 # N U M ! 145.98 # N U M ! 148.42 # N U M ! 150.87 # N U M ! 153.31 # N U M ! 155.75 # N U M ! 158.20 # N U M ! 160.64 # N U M ! 163.08 # N U M ! 165.53 # N U M ! 167.97 # N U M ! 170.41 # N U M ! 172.85

52.38 175.30 73.73 177.74 89.89 180.18

103.31 182.63 114.97 185.07 125.34 187.51 134.74 189.96 143.34 192.40 151.30 194.84 158.69 197.28 165.61 199.73 172.11 202.17 178.23 204.61 184.00 207.06 189.48 209.50 194.66 211.94 199.59 214.39

Cont'd. G r a p h i c a l A n a l y s i s f o r N a k e t i y a S o i l

2 0 4 . 2 8 2 1 6 . 8 3

2 0 8 . 7 5 2 1 9 . 2 7

2 1 3 . 0 0 2 2 1 . 7 1

2 1 7 . 0 5 2 2 4 . 1 6

2 2 0 . 9 2 2 2 6 . 6 0

2 2 4 . 6 1 2 2 9 . 0 4

2 2 8 . 1 3 2 3 1 . 4 9

2 3 1 . 4 8 2 3 3 . 9 3

2 3 4 . 6 9 2 3 6 . 3 7

2 3 7 . 7 4 2 3 8 . 8 2

2 4 0 . 6 6 2 4 1 . 2 6

2 4 3 . 4 3 2 4 3 . 7 0

2 4 6 . 0 7 2 4 6 . 1 4

2 4 8 . 5 9 2 4 8 . 5 9

2 5 0 . 9 8 2 5 1 . 0 3

2 5 3 . 2 4 2 5 3 . 4 7

2 5 5 . 3 9 2 5 5 . 9 2

2 5 7 . 4 3 2 5 8 . 3 6

2 5 9 . 3 5 2 6 0 . 8 0

2 6 1 . 1 6 2 6 3 . 2 4

2 6 2 . 8 7 2 6 5 . 6 9

2 6 4 . 4 7 2 6 8 . 1 3

2 6 5 . 9 6 2 7 0 . 5 7

2 6 7 . 3 6 2 7 3 . 0 2

2 6 8 . 6 5 2 7 5 . 4 6

2 6 9 . 8 4 2 7 7 . 9 0

2 7 0 . 9 4 2 8 0 . 3 5

2 7 1 . 9 4 2 8 2 . 7 9

2 7 2 . 8 5 2 8 5 . 2 3

2 7 3 . 6 6 2 8 7 . 6 7

2 7 4 . 3 8 2 9 0 . 1 2

2 7 5 . 0 0 2 9 2 . 5 6

2 7 5 . 5 4 2 9 5 . 0 0

2 7 5 . 9 8 2 9 7 . 4 5

2 7 6 . 3 3 2 9 9 . 8 9

2 7 6 . 5 9 3 0 2 . 3 3

2 7 6 . 7 6 3 0 4 . 7 8

2 7 6 . 8 3 3 0 7 . 2 2

2 7 6 . 8 2 3 0 9 . 6 6

2 7 6 . 7 2 3 1 2 . 1 0

2 7 6 . 5 3 3 1 4 . 5 5

2 7 6 . 2 4 3 1 6 . 9 9

2 7 5 . 8 7 3 1 9 . 4 3

2 7 5 . 4 0 3 2 1 . 8 8

2 7 4 . 8 5 3 2 4 . 3 2

2 7 4 . 2 0 3 2 6 . 7 6

2 7 3 . 4 5 3 2 9 . 2 1

2 7 2 . 6 2 3 3 1 . 6 5

2 7 1 . 6 9 3 3 4 . 0 9

2 7 0 . 6 6 3 3 6 . 5 3

2 6 9 . 5 4 3 3 8 . 9 8

2 6 8 . 3 2 3 4 1 . 4 2

2 6 7 . 0 0 3 4 3 . 8 6

2 6 5 . 5 8 3 4 6 . 3 1

2 6 4 . 0 5 3 4 8 . 7 5

IT

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Cont'd Graphica l Analys is for Naket iya Soil 262 .43 351.19 260.69 353.64 258.85 356.08 256 .90 358.52 254.84 360.96 252.66 363.41 250.36 365.85 247.94 368.29 245.39 370.74 242.71 373.18 239 .90 375.62 236.95 378.07 233 .86 380.51 230.61 382.95 227.21 385.39 223.65 387.84 219.91 390.28 216 .00 392.72 211.89 207.59 203.07 198.32 193.32 188.06 182.51 176.64 170.43 163.83 156.79 149.25 141.14 132.34 122.71 112.03 99.97 85.95 68.78 44 .99

# N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M ! # N U M !

( [ * - 6 FEB 2002 T '

0 * . ' B R A R Y °

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i/Jtanll Q

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