IJMSS Vol.04 Issue-07, (July, 2016) ISSN: 2321-1784...

IJMSS Vol.04 Issue-07, (July, 2016) ISSN: 2321-1784 International Journal in Management and Social Science (Impact Factor- 5.276)

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International Journal in Management and Social Science http://www.ijmr.net.in email id- [email protected] Page 570

News Framing: Indian Press Coverage of the FTII Students 139 Days Strike

Dr. J. Madhu Babu1, S.Venkateswarlu2.

Abstract

The present study is a content analysis of FTII Students 139 days strike. FTII students are protesting against the appointment of Gajendra Chauhan as the chairman of the hallowed institute for 'lacking vision and artistic credentials'. Gajendra, best known for playing Yudhisthira in the epic TV drama Mahabharata, has acted mostly in B-grade movies since then. Students allege that he lacks the qualification required to head an institute of FTII's stature. A total of 361 news stories were analyzed to examine which of 3 news frames (positive, negative, neutral).This article also discusses the background of the FTII strike, and Safranisation in Educational Institutions in India in the NDA government. The study found that media given better coverage to this issue.

Key Words-FTII, Appointments, Framing, Hindustan, Safranisation.

Introduction

The Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) Students went on strike on July12; 2015.The students were agitated and were on to strike protest against the appointment of actor Gajendhra Chowan the chairman of new governing council, the body responsible for making all policy decisions of the institute by the Information &Broadcasting Ministry. The position was vacant since director Saeed Mirzas term ended in 2014. FTII students that said that they at the will rejoin regular classes starting October20, 2015 but will continue their opposition to the appointments of Gajendhra Chowan and four other officials. Students FTII ended their 139 day old strike on December23, 2015. But this protest was taken forward by 12 film makers. They have decided to return their national awards are Diwakar Benarji, Anand Patwardhan, Paresh Kamodor,Nitish Jainetc, In Pune two FTII alumni, Prathic Vatsa and Vikranth Pawar made a similar announcement(Rashid, Nagapaul 2015)

Students of the FTII are on strike against the naming of Gajendra Chauhan as the new chairman. They are appalled that a premier institute that at one time boasted of chiefs such as Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Shyam Benegal and till a year ago, Saeed Mirza, and has turned out a vast number of illustrious alumni should now be headed by relatively a non-entity whose filmic past includes outings such as Khuli Khidki.( See Table 1) However, he has been with the BJP for 20 years or so and has campaigned for the party in several elections. At one time, the BJP used to pick up recognizable TV actors who had played mythological figures and make them MPs — Dipika Chikhalia, who had acted as Sita in Ramayana, and Nitish Bharadwaj, who was Krishna in the same Mahabharat as Chauhan, are two examples — Three possibilities must be considered. First, he was chosen because he was a hardcore party man and he — and his political godfathers — may have felt he needed to be rewarded. The second reason could be that the government wanted a pliant man in the job. Since it has come to power, the BJP has systematically installed its own chosen personages in posts ranging from the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) to the Indian Council for Historical Research (ICHR) to the Central Board for Film Certification (CBFC).

1 Asst. Professor, Dept. of Journalism and Mass Communication, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP. 2 Research Scholar, Dept. of Journalism and Mass Communication, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP.




Reasons for the students protesting According to an RTI reply, Chauhan was selected for the top job on dint of a mere one paragraph CV. The government also overlooked names such as Amitabh Bachchan, Jahnu Barua, Govind Nihalani, Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Raju Hirani and Aamit Khan to select him for the post. Students allege that Gajendra Chauhan's allegiance to the ruling BJP is the only reason behind his selection. For filling vacancy in FTII Society too, government has chosen people perceived to be close to the saffron camp, overlooking many better qualified individuals. Protesting Gajendra Chauhan's selection, students began their strike in FTII on June 12. Brief history of FTII

Established as 'Film Institute of India' in 1960 on the erstwhile Prabhat Studio premises at Pune, FTII boasts of a rich legacy in quality Indian cinema. The Prabhat Studios were declared heritage sites by the Pune Municipal Corporation and are used by the students to this day. The Institute was renamed 'The Film and Television Institute of India' in 1971. The Television Wing, earlier located at the Mandi House, New Delhi was shifted to Pune in the early seventies, bringing together the training in film and television under a common roof. At its inception in 1974, the Television wing was concerned with the provision of in-service training to personnel from Doordarshan. This Wing has in recent years launched a one-year course in Television. The Institute has come a long way from its humble beginnings.

Centre for Excellence

Today, the FTII is commonly regarded as a center of excellence across the world. Films made by the students of the Institute have enjoyed excellent receptions in festivals in India and abroad and have gone on to win National and International awards. The alumni of the FTII have left an indelible imprint across all facets of Indian Cinema and television and have built an excellent reputation in its allied industries. The FTII is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India. Its policies are determined by a Governing Council. The latter appoints the director of the institute.

Courses offered by FTII

The FTII is a member of CILECT, an international association of film schools. The Institute offers three-year post-graduate diploma courses in Film direction, Editing, Cinematography and Audiography; two-year courses in Acting and Art direction; a one and a half year course in Computer graphics and Animation; a one-year course in feature film scriptwriting. One-year post-graduate certificate in direction, electronic cinematography, video editing and Audiography are also part of the courses offered.

Safranisation in Educational Institutions

‘Hindutva’ literally means ‘Hindu-ness’, and has become since Savarkar’s coinage a widely accepted short hand way of referring to various groups and project that aim at redefining India as a’ Hindu Rastra’ or ‘Hindu nation’. These groups contained that, as a nation. State whose population is over 80% Hindus, India should be identifying itself more closely with cultural and religious values of Hindus. While many proponents see Hindutva as expressing primarly cultural values, other observers characterize it as a type of religious nationalism. A hallmark of the Modi governments first 200 days in office is the beginning of the Sangh Parivars Long March through the institutions of the state, in particular bodies that deal with education and culture. The Parivar’s agenda is to reflect its own specific brand of ‘cultural nationalism ‘in these institutions by engineering long –term changes in their programs and priorities, and by making key appointments of personal who will loyally execute such changes(see table 2)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinematography




From filmmakers to politicians and other student organizations, most have roundly criticized the government for mishandling the FTII issue and have demanded the ouster of Gajendra Chauhan. Santhosh Sivan, Pallavi Joshi and National Award-winning filmmaker Jahnu Barua resigned as members of the FTII Society after the row broke out. Bollywood, not famous for being vocal about controversial issues, has also made its voice heard in this controversy. Several top stars like Salman Khan, Ranbir Kapoor, Rishi Kapoor, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Anupam Kher, Sudhir Mishra, Sayeed Mirza, Resul Pookutty, Adoor Gopalakrishnan, Kiran Rao, Soumitra Chatterjee among others have supported the cause of the students. FTII's students and alumni have been in touch with Delhi University, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Jamia Milia Islamia in Delhi, Jadavpur University and the Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute in Kolkata as well as colleges in Ahmedabad and Pune, where they say they have had “positive interactions” with other student bodies Many politicians have also lent their support to the FTII protest. Rahul Gandhi went to the campus to express his solidarity and accused RSS ideology of promoting mediocrity in the country. Arvind Kejriwal reacting to the latest flare-up has offered to relocate students to New Delhi till the impasse is resolved. He has also offered to set up a permanent institute if government doesn't pay heed to student demands. Government's reaction to the entire controversy The government has so far dug its heels in the entire fiasco, refusing to remove Gajendra Chauhan, despite the wide opposition against him. A student and alumni delegation met Information and Broadcasting Minister Arun Jaitley on July 3, but the meeting failed to provide any solutions. According to a press note circulated by protesting students, Jaitley hinted at the eventual privatization of FTII. Jaitley, though, assured the students that FTII would enjoy all academic freedoms. However, there has been a breakdown in talks since. Ministry of State of the I&B Ministry Rajyavardhan Singh has been more combative, accusing Rahul Gandhi of politicising the entire controversy. He tweeted after the Congress Vice President visited FTII saying, "And with Rahul Gandhi's Pune visit it has become clear that the strike has taken a political colour or it is a political strike from the beginning," (DNA,August19, 2015)

Literature Review

Media may shape public opinion is by framing events and issues in particular ways. Framing involves a communication source presenting and defining an issue. The term framing is referred to with significant inconsistency in the literature. Entman (1993) noted that frames have several locations, including the communicator, the text, the receiver and the culture. Gitlin (1980, p.7) defines frames as ‘persistent patterns of cognition, interpretation and presentation, of selection, emphasis and exclusion by which symbol handlers routinely organize discourse’. Genson and Modigliani (1989) refer to frames as ‘interpretative packages’ that give meaning to an issue, Entman (1993, p. 52) suggested that frames in the news can be explained and identified by ‘the presence or absence of certain keywords, stock phrases, stereotyped images, source of information and sentences that provide thematically reinforcing clusters of facts or judgments’. Along these lines Shah Et.al (2002.p.367) refers to choices about languages, quotations, and relevant information. They identify 1) metaphors, 2) exemplars, 3) catch-phrases, 4) depictions, 5) visual images as framing devices. The most comprehensive empirical approach is offered by Tankard (2001p, 101) he suggested a list 11 framing mechanisms.1) Headlines 2) Subheads 3) Photos, 4) Photo Captions, 5) Leads, 6) Source Selection., 7) Quotes Selection, 8) Pull Quotes, 9) Logos, 10) Statistics and Charts, and 11) Concluding Statements and Paragraphs




Research Objectives

1 T o understand the FTII controversy.

2 To study the pros and cons of the FTII students agitation.

3 To find out the news coverage of FTII student’s agitation by selected dailies.

4 To analyze the stand of newspapers about FTII Issue through news framing analysis.

5 To make comparative analysis of coverage of FTII student agitation related editorials, letters- to - the editor, articles, and photos which appeared in the sample dailies.

Methodology:

Content analysis is method of research defined, in brief as the systematic assignment of communication content to Categorize according to rules, and the analysis of relationships involving those categorizes using statistically methods.(Riffe, Lacy & Fico,2005,p.3). Content analysis is essential to finding patterns, based on which scholars and researchers can methodically evaluate news media and its use of framing. In term, this allows for the comparison of possible agenda setters’ bias of the event.

News were categorized by unit analysis News, Photos, Editorial, and Letters, and Subject Categorizes was divided into Three Main frames and 9 subject Categorizes. i.e.

1) Positive: a) Demonstrators b) Supporters c) Media

2) Negative: a) Govt. b) BJP and Alliance Parties c) Media

3) Neutral: a) Demonstrators b) Govt. c) Media

Operational Definitions of Subject Categories:

1. Demonstrators: FTII Students and Agitator 2. Supporters: Former FTII Chairmen’s and Film Actress 3. Media: Both and Print and Electronic 4. BJP Alliances: B.J.P, VHP, RSS, Shiva Sena,Bhajarangdal,ABVP 5. Government: Maharashtra State Government, Central Government, Ministry of Information

&Broadcasting

Selection of News Papers.

The Times of India: It tops the English dailies chart is the eleventh most widely read dailies in India across all languages owned by the Bennett, Coleman & Co. It is the flagship company of a group, which has been in existence for 150 years. It claims it is the world’s most widely circulated English daily newspaper. According to Indian Readership Survey (IRS), The Times of India has a total readership of 7, 590,000 by 2014.

The Hindu: It is ranked third among English dailies with a total readership of 1,622,000 by 2014 (IRS 2014). The Hindu started off as a weekly in 1878 and became daily news paper from 1889. The Hindu is based is Chennai with 18 editions



International Journal in Management and Social Science http://www.ijmr.net.in email id- [email protected] 74

Selection of Time period: The universe for the study comprises all the editions of the two selected dailies published during the calendar years from June12, 2015 to Oct28, 2015.

Sampling

This study was based on the complete census during the 139 days time span- not a random sampling. If a random sample were taken the risk of missing important insistence of FTII Student protest coverage would be high. Two steps were adopted to select the editions (dates) to constitute the study.

First Step: The researcher identified 30 major Incidents related to FTII student agitation.

Second Step: In the second step, the researchers examined the consequences of major incidents.

Framing: Positive, Negative, and Neutral frames. These three analyses were grouped together because they all overlap and show a relationship.

Procedures of the Measurement: The units of analysis, coded in to various subject categories were measured both in terms of their frequencies and space in column centimeters

Data Analysis

Table 4 show that total items of unit’s published FTII controversy in selected dailies are 361 with 6646 ccm of space. In the study period out of 4 news units news has published in highest number of 58.4% and allotted space of 93.25%. Photos on this issue were published 27.1%. Public feedback was also covered in the form of letters- to- the editor with12.8 %t. Stand of media of this issue covered through the edit articles with 1.7 %t ccm with 3.3 %space.

Table 5 shows that distribution of unit analysis in selected dailies. Times of India gave more priority to news items 122(60.6%) space with the space 3924(93.9%) ccm. The Hindu published news items 89 (55.6%) with the space 92.1%. In photos coverage Times of India is better than The Hindu, cover the 54(27.5%), but in letters to the editor The Hindu published more letters than Times Of India 25(15.7%) with space 125. In editorials Times of India publish 4 and The Hindu publishes 2 editorials.

Table 6 revels that location of news content on FTII controversy in selected two Indian English dailies. Out of total number of 361 published items. Majority of news items 247 with 5046 published in inside pages. In front page cover only 62 items with 1150 ccm and edit page covered the 52 items with 450 ccm.

Table 7 shows that Times of India gave more priority to publish Inside Pages 144 items 64.4% with 3260 (72.5%) column centimeters space. Compare to The Hindu but in edit page The Hindu gave priority to publish 27(15.71%) with 193(5.1%) ccm, compare to Times of India 21(12.25%) with 257 (6.2%) ccm.

Table 8 revels that Framing analysis of FTII controversy issue. Its cover the total number of 361 with 6646 ccm space. Among them the news papers publish 239 positive frame items with 4519space, negative frame 90 with 1489 spaces and neutral frame 32 with 638 spaces.

Table 9 shows that framing analysis of FTII controversy issue in selected dailies. Times of India gave much priority to publish positive frame item 138(68.7) percent with 2990 (71.5) space than The Hindu. But in neutral framing items The Hindu cover 18911.31) better than Times of India




Table 10 the two sample dailies more number of positive frame news items viz Times of India (138), The Hindu (101) the chi-square analysis showed that coverage given to the different issues did not differ significantly( 𝑥2=35.4 df=2 ).

Table 11 revels that distribution of framing analysis of frequency and space and subject categories wise. In positive frame Times of India gave better coverage than The Hindu in that supporters receive 80(39.8) with 1746 (41.8).Then demonstrators receive 57 (28.3) with 1206 (28.8) space , media initiations is better in The Hindu 2 (1.3) with 68(2.8) compare to Times of India . In negative frame Govt. subject category better covered by Times of India 41(20.2) with 15.6 percentage. But BJP Alliance category better coverage in The Hindu 13(8.2) with 212(8.6) percentage. In negative frame The Hindu gave better coverage to the subject categories. Govt. subject category got the 10(4.9) with 240 (5.7) space, Second place to demonstrators with 6(3.8) percentage with 94(3.8) space.

Key Findings

1. The Hindu gives priority to publish letters-to-the editor, Compare to The Times of India but The Times of India gave much priority to articles and editorials than The Hindu.

2. The Hindu much favorable to student agitation in FTII Issue.

3. The Times of India publishes more photographs than The Hindu.

4. Film Fraternity Support the FTII Students Unanimously.

5. Media also give the better coverage to this issue to take the issue for concerning authorities

Discussion

Overall, the analysis of news papers showed that the FTII students agitation had received nearly 60% or above of coverage in terms of frequency of news items and space across the two selected dailies. The reasons for giving such coverage for the FTII Student agitation seem to be that the news papers treated the conflict. When an event took place involving the leaders from opposition and fraternity from film industry, news papers publishing them on the front page. Although news papers aware of the fact that student agitation was a political news papers reported the incidents routinely without discussing pros and cons. Another significant point to be noted is that while the FTII students were fighting the government on the ground of anti hindutva,the news items mostly centered on the conflict, between the NDA government and FTII Students. In the coverage of the conflict, majority of the news items in terms of frequency dealt with vandalization, hunger strike; at Janthar Manthar.The FTII students organize protest to express their opposition to the public as well as government. The other important reason that the news stories with protest and headlines indicating violence appeals to be an eye catching means to capture the market besides performing the function of the reader.

Ex: “Centre promoting media city” –Rahul, “FTII entrance vandalized”, “Its blatant attempt by BJP to saffronization the institute” – Anand Patwardhan, “Whole issue turning out ugly”- Subash Ghai, “FTII students are not terrorist” –Rahul etc.

The study was aimed at identifying use of positive, negative, and neutral frames by empirically analyzing on news coverage in June 12, 2015 to December 23, 2015.Compared to the 3 frames, the positive frame Times of India given much priority to publish than The Hindu. Negative frame more frequently in Times of India than The Hindu. If the news papers emphasis the saffronization in educational institutions readers can be understand the hidden agenda of the NDA government.




Conclusion

Overall, the study concludes that two English news papers under the study have reported the FTII Students 139 day’s agitation against to the appointment of Gajendra Chowan as a Chairmen of FTII, The two news papers reported student agitation positively as can be seen from the framing analysis but the opinion of the public towards agitation is reported negligible.

Similarly, the present study found that the safranisation under taken by NDA government were not reported by the two news papers.

Appendix Tables of Data Anaylasis:

Table 1 Former Chairpersons of FTII

S.NO Name of the Chairpersons Tenure

1. Anwar Jamal Kidwai Nov. 1, 1974 – Sept. 30,1977

2. S M H Burney Nov. 25, 1975 – Sept. 30, 1977

3. R.K.Laxman Nov. 1, 1977 – Sept. 30, 1980

4 Shyam Benegal Feb. 5, 1981 – Sept. 30, 1983 & Sept. 1989 – Sept. 30, 1992

5. Mrinal Sen Apr. 9, 1984 – Sept. 30, 1986

6. Adoor Gopalakrishnan Sept. 1, 1987 – Sept. 1989 & Nov, 1992 – Sept. 30, 1995

7. Mahesh Bhatt Nov. 20, 1995 – Sept. 30, 1998

8. Grish Karnad Feb. 16, 1999 – Oct. 10, 2001

9. Vinod Khanna Oct. 12, 2001-Feb. 2002 & Mar. 4, 2002 – Mar. 3, 2005

10. U .R. Ananthamurthy Mar. 4, 2005 – Mar. 3, 2008 & Mar. 4, 2008 – Mar. 3, 2011

11. Saeed Akhtar Mirza Mar. 4, 2011 – Mar. 3, 2014

Table 2 NDA appointments in Premier Organizations

S.N Name Appointment as

Back ground

Affiliation with

1 Gajendra Chauhan

Chairman, FTII T.V Artist Work for BJP since 1980.

2 Chandrakala Padia

Chairperson, IIAS

Professor Her name was suggested by HRD Minister Smriti Irani.

3 Girish Chandra Tripathi

Vice-Chancellor, BHU

Professor State level RSS functionary.

4 Y. Sudershan Rao

Chairman, ICHR Professor of History at

Andhra Pradesh chapter of Akhil Bharatiya Itihas Sankalan Yojana (ABISY), a subsidiary of the RSS.




Kakatiya University

5 Lokesh Chandra Head, ICCR Professor Claims that Modi is a greater leader than Gandhi. RSS Supporter.

6 Baldev Sharma Chairman, NBT Editor Former editor of RSS mouthpiece Panchjanya.

7

Vishram Ramchandra Jamdar

Head, NIT Nagpur

Professor RSS swayamsevak.

8 Pahlaj Nihalani Chairman, CBFC

Film Producer

He was also the brain behind the BJP's 'Har har Modi, Ghar ghar Modi' campaign video during the Lok Sabha elections.

9 Surya Prakash Chairman, Prasara Bharathi

Editor

Consulting editor of the Pioneer and a distinguished fellow at the Vivekananda International Foundation, a Delhi-based pro-RSS think.

Source- Catchnews.com

Table 3 Time Line of FTII Students Agitation

Date Event or Incident

June 9 Gajendra Chauhan was appointed FTII chairman.

June 12 Students boycott classes.

June 14 Yogendra Yadav says NDA government does not understand the word ‘autonomy’.

July 3 Three-member team including I&B minister Arun Jaitley meets protesting students. He tells them that Chauhan’s appointment will not be reconsidered.

July 5 Actor and FTII Society member Pallavi Joshi resigns.

July 6 FTII Society member Jahnu Barua resigns.

July 16 FTII director J. Narain warns the students.

July 17 Prashant Pathrabe, former director of the National Film Archive of India, is appointed as the new director of FTII.

July 31 Rahul Gandhi visits FTII, meets and addresses strikers. The student body had written to him earlier, seeking his intervention.

August 2 An RTI filed by one of students revealed that, in a 281-page record which includes the resumes of those proposed for the post of FTII president, Gajendra Chauhan’s qualification was just one paragraph.

http://www.livemint.com/Search/Link/Keyword/Rahul%20Gandhi




August 3 80 FTII students hold a protest at Jantar Mantar in Delhi.

August 8 Administration asks 30 students who’ve completed their studies at the institute to vacate their hostel rooms. Also sets a six-day deadline for students belonging to 2008 direction batch to finish their pending films.

August 17 Around 50 students confront director Pathrabe over his decision to begin grading of un assessed assignments of the 2008 batch.

August 18 Round about midnight, police arrive unannounced on campus with an arrest warrant for 15 students.

August 19 Students are booked under sections 143, 147, 149, 323, 341, 353, 506 of IPC and Section 3 of Prevention of Damage to Public Property Act.

August 20 I&B ministry forms committee to resolve FTII logjam.

August 21 FTII teachers association condemns arrest of students.

August 22 Central team visits FTII, holds 'positive' talks.

September 2 FTII students on hunger strike, no sign of report from I&B Ministry as protests continue.

September 8 FTII students to go on a hunger strike.

September 8 Supreme Court declines to hear plea on FTII protests.

September11 Petition On FTII issue, National Award Winners sign send it to prez.

September 12 Farhan Akhtar, Subhash Ghai support FTII students.

September 14 FTII protest: Kolkata students launch hunger strike.

September 27 FTII students call off hunger strike head of talks.

October 28 Day 139: Disheartened FTII students call off strike.

Nov 16, FTII students take protest to IFFI Goa.

November 24 FTII students plan parallel Goa film fest.

November 25

Rebel film festival by FTII students gets underway near IFFI avenue in Goa.




Table -4 Total numbers of units of analysis in selected dailies

News units fr % sp %

News 211 58.4 6196 93.2

Photos 98 27.1

Editorial 6 1.7 220 3.3

Letters 46 12.8 230 3.5

Total 361 100.0 6646 100.0

Table -5 Percentage distribution of units of analysis by frequency and space

News units Name of the News paper

TOI The Hindu

fr % sp % fr % sp %

News 122 60.6 3924 93.9 89 55.6 2272 92.1

Photos 54 26.8 44 27.5

Editorial 4 2.2 152 3.6 2 1.2 68 2.8

Letters 21 10.4 105 2.5 25 15.7 125 5.1

Total 201 100.0 4181 100.0 160 100.0 2465 100.0

Table -6 Percentage distribution of units of analysis by frequency and space in the sample dailies

Location fr % sp %

First page 62 17.1 1150 17.4

Insidepage 247 68.4 5046 75.9

Edit page 52 14.5 450 6.7

Total 361 100.0 6646 100.0




Table -7 Distribution of frequency and space in selected news dailies with news paper location

Location Name of the News paper

TOI The Hindu

fr % sp % fr % sp %

First page

32 15.9 664 15.9 30 18.8 486 19.7

Inside page

144 71.6 3260 77.9 103 64.4 1786 72.5

Edit page 25 12.5 257 6.2 27 16.8 193 7.8

Total 201 100.0 4181 100.0 160 100.0 2465 100.0

Table 8 Framing analysis of coverage of the total FTII related news item in all sample dailies

Positive frame % Negative frame % Neutral frame % Total

fr 239 66.3 90 24.9 32 8.8 361

sp 4519 67.9 1489 22.5 638 9.6 6646

Table – 9 Percentage distributions of frequency and space of FTII news item with framing analysis

Framing to Protester

Name of the News paper

TOI The Hindu

fr % sp % fr % sp %

Positive 138 68.7 2990 71.5 101 63.1 1529 62.0

Negative 49 24.4 841 20.1 41 25.6 648 26.7

Neutral 14 6.9 350 8.4 18 11.3 288 11.3

Total 201 100.0 4181 100.0 160 100.0 2465 100.0




Table-10

Co-efficient of imbalance

Dailies n positive negative neutral Co-efficient of imbalance

Times of India 201 138 49 14 0.10799

The Hindu 160 101 41 18 0.09609

N= 361 239 90 32

𝑥2=35.4 df=2 ns

Table -11 Framing analysis of the FTII related news item by newspaper with subject categories

Framing to Protester

Subject categories

Name of the News paper

TOI The Hindu

fr % sp % fr % sp %

Positive

Demonstrators 57 28.3 1206 28.8 39 24.3 595 24.2

Supporters 80 39.8 1746 41.8 60 37.2 866 35.2

Media 1 0.5 38 0.9 2 1.2 68 2.8

Negative Govt. 41 20.2 653 15.6 28 17.5 436 17.6

BJP and Alliance

8 3.9 188 4.5 13 8.2 212 8.6

Media - - - - - - - -

Neutral Demonstrators 3 1.5 74 1.8 6 3.8 94 3.8

Govt. 10 4.9 240 5.7 12 7.6 194 7.8

Media 1 0.5 36 0.9

Total 201 100.0 4181 100.0 160 100.0 2465 100.0




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Author’s Brief Profile Dr. J. Madhu Babu is an Assistant Professor, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Previously he worked as a free lance Journalist for more than a decade in Andhra Pradesh. He has authored a research work: Newspapers and Naxalite Movement and Published research papers. Can be contacted [email protected], Ph: +919393110848

S.Venkateswarlu, is a doctoral scholar (ICSSR Fellow) in the Department of Journalsim and Mass Communication, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. He is pursuing Ph.D on the topic “How the Indian Press Covered the Terrorist Attacks in India”. Can be contacted [email protected], Ph: +919491816717

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IJMSS Vol.04 Issue-07, (July, 2016) ISSN: 2321-1784...

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Transcript of IJMSS Vol.04 Issue-07, (July, 2016) ISSN: 2321-1784...