IJAMS I International Journal of Ayurveda & Medical...

IJAMS I International Journal of Ayurveda & Medical Sciences ISSN: 2455-6246

ABSTRACT

Effective Ayurvedic Drugs for Respiratory Allergic Disorders

Vishal Prajapati, Rakesh Kumar Nagar

Department of Kaumarbhritya, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, India

INTRODUCTION

Allergy

Allergy is acquired hypersensitivity to a substance (allergen) that

does not normally cause a reaction. An immune response to a

foreign antigen can result in inflammation and even organ

dysfunction. [1]

The word allergy is derived from the Greek words

"allos" meaning different or changed and "ergos" meaning work or

action. Allergy roughly refers to an "altered reaction". An allergy

refers to an exaggerated reaction by the immune system in response

to exposure to certain foreign substances that usually do not elicit

any harmful response in non-allergic individuals. [2]

This

misidentification kicks off a series of events known as an allergic

cascade that result in an allergic reaction and uncomfortable allergy

symptoms. Those substances a person is sensitive to are called as

“allergens”.

The incidence

Worldwide, the rise in prevalence of allergic diseases has continued

in the industrialized world for more than 50 years. There appears to

be an increase in the incidence of allergic disorders over the years,

which could be related to modern lifestyle characteristics,

environmental pollution and an increasing awareness of the disorder.

Worldwide sensitization rates to one or more common allergens

among school children are currently approaching 40%-50%. These

allergic diseases comprise of asthma, rhinitis, anaphylaxis, drug,

food and insect allergy eczema, urticaria and angioedema.

Approximately 20%- 30% of total population suffers from at least

one of these allergic diseases in India. [3]

In 2012, 10.6% or 7.8

million children reported respiratory allergies in the past 12 months.

Allergy is the 5th

leading chronic disease in the U.S. among all ages,

and the 3rd

most common chronic disease among children under 18

years old. [4]

Respiratory allergic disorders

Respiratory allergic disorders (RADs) mainly include symptoms of

asthma, i.e. recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath,

chest tightness and coughing. [5]

It is also known as ‘extrinsic’ or

‘atopic’ asthma and is one of the types of bronchial asthma. A

committee of the American Thoracic Society has defined asthma as

a disease characterized by an increased responsiveness of trachea

and bronchi to various stimuli, manifested by wide spread narrowing

of the airways that changes in severity either spontaneously or as a

result of treatment.

Respiratory allergic disorders in Ayurveda

As per different etiological factors and symptoms of RAD, in

Ayurveda it can be correlated with one of the five types of Shwasa

rogas (respiratory disorders), the Tamaka Shwasa. The word

Tamaka Shwasa comprises of two words ‘Tamaka’ and ‘Shwasa’.

REVIEW ARTICLE

Allergic reactions occur when a person’s immune system reacts abnormally to normally harmless substances present in environment or

body. Approximately 10% to 30% of individuals in the industrialized world are affected by allergic disorders and this number is

further increasing, owing to modern lifestyle, environmental pollution and an increasing awareness of this entity. In India,

approximately 20% to 30% of the total population suffers from at least one of the allergic diseases. Respiratory allergic disorders

(R.A.D.) mainly manifest as symptoms of asthma, i.e. recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, tightness in chest and

coughing.As per different etiological factors and symptoms of respiratory allergic disorders, it can be correlated with Tamaka Shwasa

in Ayurveda. Ayurvedic treatment of Tamaka Shwasa includes Sanshodhana, followed by Sanshamana, but for that one has to follow

specific diet plan and has to spare more time from his fast and busy life schedule. So there is a challenge of treating the disease without

interference in the daily routine of an individual. This paper specifically throws light on meeting aforesaid needs with some effective

Ayurvedic drugs possessing mucolytic, immnomodulator, Agnideepaka, Vatanulomaka and Rasayana properties.

Key words: Ayurveda, Immunomodulator, Rasayana, Respiratory Allergic disorders, Tamaka Shwasa

Address for correspondence: Dr.Vishal Prajapati,

PG scholar, Department of Kaumarbhritya,

National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, India.

Email: [email protected]

http://allergy.health.ivillage.com/allergyasthmabasics/allergiccascade.cfm

http://allergy.health.ivillage.com/allergyasthmabasics/allergiccascade.cfm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheezing

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortness_of_breath

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cough

mailto:Email:%20vish123go

Prajapati and Nagar: Effective Ayurvedic Drugs for Respiratory Allergic Disorders

International Journal of Ayurveda & Medical Sciences I April- Jun 2016 I Vol 1 I Issue 2 33

The word Tamaka means a state in which a sense of darkness

prevails due to movement of Prana Vayu (forward moving air) in

wrong direction; Shwasa word in normal terminology means

respiration. In the present context, Shwasa means disease pertaining

to breathing.

Ayurvedic management of RAD

Quite similar to classical Ayurvedic management of other diseases,

Shodhana & Shamana [6]

are also required in RADs. But as this is

quite time consuming and requires much more diet restriction, in the

present busy lifestyle, it is preferable -

to develop an OPD based treatment, which is convenient and

comfortable to the patient, without affecting the work efficiency.

to minimize or even negate the requirement of IPD stay or

regular Shodhana therapy.

to develop newer more palatable forms of oral medications for

the pediatric age group.

Ayurvedic drugs having properties of relevance in management of

RAD, e.g. mucolytic, immunomodulator, Agnideepaka,

Vatanulomaka, Rasayana etc. as explained in various Ayurvedic

texts and/or supported by modern evidences, should be considered

for fulfilling aforesaid purposes. Furthermore, management of

allergic disorders (at least non-severe ones) by Ayurvedic drugs may

offer an additional advantage of enhancing the inherent ability of

immune system to cope well with the allergens.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This includes:

1. Building a hypothesis for RADs, on the basis of aetio-

pathogenesis of Tamaka shwasa (and allergic disorders)

described in Ayurvedic literatures.

2. On the basis of this hypothesis, compile and/or review some

Ayurvedic drugs which can be potentially useful in RADs.

Review of Tamaka Shwasa in relation to RADS

Types of Tamaka Shwasa

As said before, due to similarities in symptoms [Table 1] and

aetiology [Table 2 and 3], the RADs can be most closely correlated

to Tamaka Shwasa in Ayurveda. To facilitate a proper selection for

drugs for effective management of RADs, a brief understanding of

spectrum of Tamaka Shwasa in Ayurveda is necessary. Charaka has

further classified Tamaka Shwasa into two: [7]

i. Pratamaka: This type of Tamaka Shwasa has involvement of

Pitta dosha. When a patient of Tamaka Shwasa develops fever

and unconsciousness, that condition is called Pratamaka. It is

aggravated by upward movement of gas (Udavarta), dust,

indigestion, humidity (Kleda), suppression of natural urges, Tamo

guna and darkness. A patient in this stage will get instant relief

by cooling regimens, whereas in all practical senses cooling

regimens tend to aggravate the Tamaka Shwasa. Chakrapani

explains that this is due to the Pitta sambandhatwa (close

association).

ii. Santamaka: When a patient of Pratamaka feels immersed in

darkness, that condition is called Santamaka Shwasa. Chakrapani

has opined that Pratamaka and Santamaka are synonymous, but

Charaka mentions them as separate entities, probably because of

difference in intensity of the attack. Chakrapani says that the

patient of Pratamaka gets relief with Sheetopachara (cool

treatments) in the same way as madya (alcohol) can itself be used

to treat Madya Vikaras (alcoholic disorders) [~Nidanarthakara

chikitsa].

Table 1: Lakshana (symptoms) of Tamaka Shwasa

S.

No.

Rupa C.S.

[8] S.S.

[9] V.

[10],[11] M.N.

[12]

1. Kasa (cough) + + + +

2. Pinsa (rhinorrhea) + - + +

3. Ghurghurka (wheezing) + + + +

4. Tivra vega shvasa (dyspnea,

tachypnea) + + + +

5. Prana peedakam shvasa

(tachycardia) + - + +

6. Vegayukta kasa (bouts of

cough) + + + +

7. Pratamyati (fever) + - + +

8. Shleshmanyamuchyamane

bhrisam bhavati dukhitah

(productive)

+ - - +

9. Vimokshante muhurtam

labhate sukham (temporary

relief after sputum)

+ - + +

10 Kanthavidhwansha (irritation

in throat) + - - +

11 Speech difficulty + - - +

12 Anidra (sleep disturbance) + - - +

13 Aseeno labhate saukhyam

(orthopnoea) + + + +

14 Ushnabhinandan (Desire or

gets pleasure with hot things) + _ + +

15 Shayane shvasa peedita

(discomfort at supine) + + + +

16 Uchhritakshata (prominent

eyes) + - + +

17 Lalata sweda (sweating on

forehead) + + + +

18 Arati (restlessness) + - + +

19 Vishushka asya (dry mouth) + - + +

20 Muhu shvasa (paroxysm of

dyspnea) + - + +



21 Vamathu (vomiting) - + - -

22 Trishna (thirst) - + + -

23 Vepathu (tremors) - - + -

24 Annadwesha (loss of appetite) - + + -

25 Jvara (fever) + + + -

Table 2: Shwasa roga as upadrava (complication) in different

diseases

S.No. Name of Vyadhi (disease) C.S.[7]

S.S.[8]

A.[9],[10]

M.N.[11]

1. Atisara (diarrhea) - - - +

2. Raktapitta (epistaxis) + + - +

3. Chardi (vomiting) - - - +

4. Shotha (swelling in the body) + - - -

5. Gala Shundika Shotha

(~ tonsillitis) - + - -

6. Gara Visha (artificial

poisons/toxic combinations) - - - +

7. Jwara (fever) - - + +

C.S.=Charaka Samhita, S.S.=Sushruta Samhita, A.=Ashtanga (Sangraha/Hridaya),

M.N.=Madhava Nidana

Table 3: Various etiological factors which can cause of

Respiratory Allergic Disorders (as per classics) [9], [10]

Agnimandaykara

(factors slowing

the digestion)

Dosha Prakopaka

(factors vitiating

the Dosha)

Khavaigunyakara

(factors making

the channels

defective)

Dushya

Daurbalyakara

(factors

weakening the

Dushya)

Nishpava (a

legume), Masha

(black gram),

Pinyaka (oil cakes),

Tila taila (sesame

oil), Aama kshira

(unprocessed milk),

Dadhi (curd),

Anupa mamsa

(flesh of swampy

animals), Pishtanna

(eatables prepared

from ground and

pasted grains),

Adhyashana (taking

food before

previous one has

been digested),

Visham ashana

(taking of

incompatible diets)

Ruksha anna

(rough

foods),Guru

ahara (heavy

diet),Sheetpaana

(cold drinks),

Sheeta asana

(cold food),

Vishtambhi ahara

(foods that cause

partial obstruction

of the channels),

Vidahi ahara

(food that causes

burning)

Raja (dust),

Dhooma (smoke),

Purovata (exposure

to direct winds),

Atapa (exposure to

sun) ,

Vega sandharana

(suppression of

natural urges),

Vyayama

(exercise),

Marmaghata

(trauma of vital

parts), Kantha

pratighata (trauma

in throat),

Urapratighata

(trauma in chest

region),

Sheetasthana asana

(living in cold

places)

Apatarpana

(fasting/

nutritional

depletion),

Vishasevana

(consumption of

poisonous

things),

Shodhana

(excess cleaning

of body), Karma

atiyoga (excess

of work)

In children, Shwasa roga can also occur following conditions as

untreatable Kasa (cough), Gastrointestinal tract infections (Ama

atisara), aspiration (Vamathu – regurgitation is a usual cause of

aspiration), toxic or anaphylactic (Visha) hemolytic disorders in

infants or with a chronic anemia (Pandu), pulmonary disease or

exposure to allergen.[13]

Samaprapti (Etio-Pathogenesis) of Respiratory Allergic

Disorders

As there is no direct description of RADs in our classics, a probable

hypothesis regarding its pathogenesis can be as follows. Allergic

reactions are provoked by the contact, inhalation, ingestion and

infections with allergens, which are included under Agantuja

nidana. In Ayurveda, Sparshnendriya (skin, in limited sense) is

mentioned as Vyapaka, i.e. it pervades all Indriyas (sense organs).

As per Charaka, Asatmya-Indriyartha Samyoga (unhealthy

exposure) is because of the contact of any Asatmya (unwanted or

unhealthy) substance to the Twagendriya residing within all other

Indriyas. It can further be categorized into 5 types, [14], [15]

and hence

RAD can also be differentiated into five types.

Thus, any allergen first of all comes in contact with

Sparshanendriya including nasal mucosa, bronchial mucosa,

conjunctiva, gastrointestinal mucosa etc., which then vitiates the

thereby situated Vata dosha. The mental and physical factors can

also lead to Vata prakopa (vitiation). Hence in allergic disorders, the

first and foremost dosha involved is Vata. This vitiated Vata enters

the ‘Pranavaha Srotas’ and provokes the ‘Urastha (thoracic)

Kapha’. This vitiated Vayu along with the Kapha then causes

obstruction in respiratory channels, leading to the Vilomatwa

(abnormal movement) of Prana Vayu. Later on as the condition

further aggravates (infection flare), Pitta dosha also gets involved.

The impaired Agni fails to digest and metabolise the consumed food

completely, which results in ama formation. Consequently, the

Dhatwagni (metabolic fire) also gets vitiated. Dhatwagni dushti

(derangement) results in Sroto dushti (abnormalities in body

channels). Physical exertion can also further contribute to the

Pranavaha Sroto vaigunyata (derangement). This functional

derangement of Pranavaha Srotas can then get accentuated to a full-

fledged Sroto dusti by the interaction of any of the precipitating

causes like dust, smoke, wind, marmaghata (injury to vitals) and use

of excessive cold water. Once such Srotodushti has occurred, the

Prana Vayu becomes abnormal due to the pathological processes,

sanga (obstruction) and Vimarga gamana (movement astray). This

ultimately manifests in the form of symptoms as running nose,

excessive sneezing, breathlessness, sudden onset wheezing, itching

and watering of eyes and inflamed eyelids, all of which closely

resembles to what happens in RADs.

Drug review

In various Ayurvedic texts, many drugs & compositions are

indicated for the management of Shwasa and hence the related

condition like RADs, some of them are being briefed here in [Table

4] and the following description.



Table 4: Various drug compositions useful in Shwasa and

related conditions like RAD S.

No.

Ayurvedic

preparations

References S.

No.

Ayurvedic

preparations

References

CHURNA (Powdered form)

1. Shatyadi

Churna

Ch. Chi.17/123-

124

5. Sitopaladi

churna

S.S.Madhyam

6/134-135 ½

2. Shtyadi

Yoga

Ch. Chi.17/129 6. Talishadi

churna

S.S.Madhyam

6/130-131 1/2,

B.R. Kasaroga

dhikara 15/36-37

3. Phalatrikadi

Churna

Su. Utt.52/15 7. Shringyadi

Churna

Yogaratnakar,

Cha. Da.

4. Haridradi

Churna

B.R.Hikkaswasr

ogadhikar16/16,

29, Cha. Da.

VATI (Tablets)

1. Vyoshadi

Vati

S.Y.GutikaYoga

Prakarana

3. Lavangadi

vati

Vaidyajivanam,

kasachikitsa 7,

B.R. Kasarog

adhikara 15/35

2. Eladi vati B.R. Raktapitta

dhikara 32-33

4. Marichyadi

vati

S.S.

Madhyamkhand

AVALEHA (The lickables)

1. Duralabhadi

leha

Ch. Chi. 18/50 6. Agastyavale

ha

Su. Utt. 52/43-47

2. Duhasprsha

di leha

Ch. Chi. 18/51 7. Kantakari

avaleha

Sha. Madhyam.

8/5-8

3. Chitrakadi

leha

Ch. Chi. 18/53-

56

8. Bharngyadil

eha

Su. Utt. 51/44,

Cha Da., B.R. Kas

rogadhikara 15/5

4. Drakshadya

vleha

Su. Utt. 51/40,

Cha. Da., B.R.

Kasarogadhikaa

15/9

9. Chyavanapr

ash

Ch. Chi. 1(1)/62-

69

5. Vyaghriharit

aki

B.R.,Kasachikits

adhikara

169/172, Ch.

Da.

10. Agastyaharit

aki

Rasayana

A.H. Chi.3/125-

128, B.R. Kasa

rogadhikara 15/

171-176, Cha.Da.

GHRITA (Butter oil)

1. Himstradi

ghrita

Su.Utt.51/18-

19,B.R,Hikkasw

hasrogadhikara

16/100-101

3. Pathadi

ghrita

Su. Utt. 52/31-32

2. Shringyadi

ghrita

Su. Utt. 51/21-

22

ASAVA/ ARISTA (Fermented decoctions)

1. Kanakasava B.R.

Hikkasvasadhik

ara 16/115-119

2. Vasarista/Va

sakarista

S.Y. Asavarista

prakarana, B.R.

Kasarogadhikara

15/203-207

Ch. Chi= Charaka Chikitsa, Su. Utt. = Sushruta Uttaratantra, B.R. = Bhaisajya

Ratnavali, S.Y.= Siddha Yoga, A.H.Chi = Astanga Hridaya Chikitsa, S.S=

Sharangadhara Samhita, Cha. Da. = Chakra Data

Regarding use of solo herbs in Shwasa or RADs, although

innumerable drugs can be sorted out from Ayurvedic literatures,

some well known in the present context, for possessing

Shodhana/Shamana action and/or having specific properties like

anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial/viral, anti-allergic,

immunomodulator, anti-asthmatic, expectorant, bronchodilator etc,

are being summarized here, along with a brief mention of their

properties, due to which they can be considered as highly efficacious

single drugs for management of RADs.

1. Amalaki- Emblica officinalis

Active ingredients [16]

- Vitamin C, carotene, nicotinic acid,

riboflavin, and tannins.

Ayurvedic (Ay.) Properties [17]

-

Rasayana, Sroto-shodhaka,

Anulomaka, Buddhindriyabalaprada, Deepana, Pachana.

Proven Properties [16]

- Anti-inflammatory,[18]

immunomodulatory,[19]

Anti-oxidant, [20]

anti-histaminic, mast cell

stabilizer and anti-spasmodic. [21]

Forms indicated-

Churna: E.g. Phalatrikadi churna, Shringyadi churna, Shatyadi

yoga.

Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha.

Ghrita: E.g. Himstradi ghrita.

2. Haritaki- Terminalia chebula


- Tannins, anthraquinones, and polyphenolic

compounds.

Ay. Properties [23]

- Rasayana, Ayushya, Vrimhana, Vibandhahara,

Kanduhara, Shulahara, Virechaka, Srotoshodhaka, Pachana,

Deepana,and Anulomana.


- Anti-allergic, [24]

anti-oxidant, [25]

anti-

histaminic, mast cell stabilizer, anti-spasmodic, [21]

anti-

inflammatory [26]

and laxative action. [27]

Forms indicated-

Churna: E.g. Phalatrikadi churna, Shringyadi churna

Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Drakshadyavaleha, Agastyaharitaki

rasayana, Vyaghri haritaki.

Ghrita: E.g. Himstradi ghrita, Pathadi ghrita.

3. Bibhitaki- Terminalia belerica


- Gallic acid, tannic acid and glycosides.

Ay. Properties [29]

- Kasaghna, Shothahar, Deepana, Anulomana.


- Anti-allergic, [24]


stabilizer, anti-spasmodic, [21]

antioxidant,[30]

and anti-bacterial.[31]

Forms indicated-

Churna: E.g. Phalatrikadi churna, Shringyadi churna.

Vati: E.g. Lavangadi vati.

Ghrita: E.g. Himstradi ghrita.

4. Shunthi- Zinjiber officinalis.


- Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and

sesquiterpene alcohols.



Ay. Properties [33]

- Anulomana, Deepana, Hridya, Pachana,

Vatakaphahara, Amadoshahara.


- Anti-allergic,[24]


stabilizer, anti-spasmodic,[21]

anti-inflammatory,[24]

anti-oxidant. [34]

Forms indicated-

Churna : E.g. Phalatrikadi churna, Shringyadi churna.

Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Drakshadyavaleha, Kantakari

avaleha, Bharangyadi leha Agastyavaleha, Vyaghri haritaki

Ghrita: E.g. Himstradi ghrita, Pathadi ghrita, Shringyadi ghrita.

Asava/Arista: E.g. Kanakasava, Vasarista.

5. Maricha-Piper nigrum


- Piperine

Ay. Properties [36]

- Shleshmahara, Deepana, Medohara, Pittakara,

Ruchya, KaphaVatajit, Vatahara, Chedana, Jantughana, Chedana,

Hridroga, Vataroga.


- anti-allergic, [24]

anti-inflammatory, [24]

and

antioxidant. [37]

Forms indicated-


Vati: E.g. Lavangadi vati, Marichyadi vati.

Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Duhsparshadi leha, Chitrakadi

leha, Drakshadyavaleha, Kantakaryavaleha, Bharngyadi leha

Agastyavaleha, Vyaghri haritaki.

Ghrita : E.g. Himstradi ghrita, pathadi ghrita, Shringyadi ghrita

Arista: E.g. Vasarista.

6. Pippali-Piper longum


- Piperine

Ay. Properties [39]

- Rasayana, Kasahara, Shwasahara


- Anti allergic, [24]


stabilizer, anti-spasmodic, [21]

immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory

& antioxidant. [40]

Forms indicated-


Vati: E.g. Eladi vati, Marichyadi vati.


leha, Drakshadyavaleha, Kantakari avaleha, Bharangyadi leha,

Agastavaleha, Vyaghriharitaki.

Ghrita: E.g. Himsradi ghrita, Pathadi ghrita, Shringyadi ghrita

Asava/Arista: E.g. Kanakasava, Vasarista.

7. Karkatashringi -Pistacia chinensis


- Pinene, camphene, dllinonene, cineole,

terpineol, aromadendrone.

Ay. Properties [42]

- Kasahara, Hikka nigrahana, Jwaraghna,

Deepana, Vatanulomana.


- Anti-inflammatory [43]

, analgesic and

antioxidant. [44]

Forms indicated-



leha, Drakshadyavaleha, Kantakari avaleha.

Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita, Shringyadi ghrita.

8. Pushkarmula -Inula racemosa


- Alantolactone, Iridin, isoalantolactone,

inunolide (germacranolide), dihydroisolantolactone, beta-sitosterol.

Ay. Properties [46]

- Sothahara, Shwasahara, Kasahara.


- Anti-allergic & mast cell stabilizer, [47]

anti-

inflammatory.

Form indicated-

Churna: E.g. Shatyadi churna, Shatyadi yoga, Shringyadi churna.

Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Chitrakadi leha, Agastyavaleha,

Agastya haritaki rasayana.

Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita, Shringyadi ghrita.

9. Sukshma ela- Elettaria cardamomum


- Sabinene, Limonene, Cineol, α & β -

terpineol, α-terpinyl acetate etc.

Ay. Properties [49]

- Deepana, Pachana, Vatanulomana,

Shirovirechana, Hridya, Balya, Mukhashodhana, Rochana,

Duragandhanashana, Kaphanissaraka, Mutrajanana, etc.

Proven Properties- Anti-inflammatory, [50]

analgesic, antibacterial,

[51] antimicrobial,

[52] antispasmodic,

[53] antioxidant

[54] and gastro

protective. [55]

Forms indicated-

Churna: E.g. Shatyadi churna, Shringyadi churna.

Vati: E.g. Eladi vati.

Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Vyaghri haritaki.

Arista: E.g. Vasarista.

10. Nagarmotha- Cyperus rotundus


- Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene

epoxides, sesquiterpene ketones, monoterpene.

Ay. Properties [57]

- Deepana, Pachana, Grahi, Jwaraghna,

Vishaghna, Trisnanigrahana, Shothahara, Sthoulyahara,

Krimighna, Twakadoshahara,.

Proven Properties- Anti-inflammatory, [58]

spasmolytic, [59]

anti-

viral [60]

and anti-bacterial. [61]

Forms indicated-

Churna: E.g. Shatyadi churna.

Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Duhasparshadi leha, Kantakari

avaleha.

Ghrita: E.g. Shringyadi ghrita.

11. Bharangi -Clerodendrum serratum


- Hispidulin, 7-0 glucoronides, scutellarein,

uncinatone, pectolinarigenin etc.

Ay. Properties [63]

- Ruchya, Deepana, Pachana




- Anti-histaminic, bronchodilator, mast cell

stabilizer, anti-allergic. [64]

Forms indicated-

Churna: E.g. Shringyadi churna

Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Duhsparshadi leha, Agatsyavaleha,

Kantakari avaleha, Bharngyadi leha, Agastyaharitaki rasayana,

Chitrakadi leha

Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita, Shringyadi ghrita

Asava: E.g. Kanakasava

12. Shati -Hedichium spicatum


- Methyl paracumarin acetate,

sesquiterpenes.

Ay. Properties [66]

- Shulahara, Swarya, Malvinashini, Grahi,

Rochana, Deepana.


- Anti-asthmatic, anti-histaminic, analgesic,

anti-inflammatory, [67]

anti-allergic.

Forms indicated-

Churna: E.g. Shatyadi churna, Shatyadi yoga, Haridradi churna

Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Duralabhadi leha, Duhsparshadi

leha, Agatsyavaleha, Kantakari avaleha, Agastyaharitaki rasayana,

Chitrakadi leha.

Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita

13. Chitraka -Plumbago zeylanica


- Root yield Plumbagin.

Ay. Properties [69]

- Deepana, Grahi, Shothahara Shoolahara,

Arshoghna, Pachana, Gudashothahara.


-Anti-bacterial, immunomodulator.

Forms indicated-

Avaleha: E.g., Agatsyavaleha, Kantakari avaleha, Agastyaharitaki

rasayana, Chitrakadi leha.

Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita.

14. Kantakari -Solanum surattense


- Solancarpine (C44H76O19N).

Ay. Properties [71]

– Pachana, Deepana, Amadoshanashaka,

Kanduhara, Swarya.


- Anti-asthmatic, expectorant, antioxidant. [72]

Forms indicated-

Churna: E.g. Shatyadi churna, Shatyadi yoga, Haridradi churna.

Avaleha: E.g. Chyavanaprasha, Kantakari avaleha, Vyaghri

haritaki.

15. Yavasa -Alhagi camelorum


- Flavonoid glycosides kaempferol,

chrysoeriol, isorhamnetin etc.

Ay. Properties [74], [75], [76]

- Anulomaka, Kaphanissaraka, Balya,

Kashara, Jvaraghna.

Proven Properties [77],[78]

- Antibacterial activity, anti-

inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic.

Forms indicated-

Avaleha: E.g. Kantakari avaleha, Agastyavaleha,

Drakshadyavaleha, Chitrakadi leha

Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita

16. Shirisha- Albizia lebbeck


- melanoxenrtine, okanine, phytosterol,

flavonoids, triterpines, albezziagenine, lebbekanine, melacacidine.

Ay. Properties [80]

– Sotha hara, Vishaghna, Shwasahara.

Proven Properties [81[,[82]

-Bronchodilator, immunomodulator, anti-

inflammatory, anti-histaminic, mast cell stabilizer and anti-

spasmodic. [21]

Forms indicated-

Arista: E.g. Shirisharista.

17. Haridra- Curcuma longa


- Curcumin, turmeric oil or termerol, d-

phellanderene, zingiberene, sesquiterpene.

Ay. Properties [84]

- Varnya, Twakadosha hara,, Raktadosha hara,,

Kanduhara.


-Anti-inflammatory, [85]

anti-asthmatic & anti-

allergic. [86]

Forms indicated-

Churna: E.g. Haridradi churna.

Vati: E.g. Haridra Khanda.

Ghrita: E.g. Shringyadi ghrita.

Avaleha: E.g. Bharangyadi leha.

18. Hingu -Ferula foetida


- Ferulic acid, umbeliferone, luteolin etc.

Ay. Properties [88]

- Vatanulomana, Shoolaprashmana,

Kaphanissaraka, Deepana, Pachana, Rochana.

Proven Properties [89],[90],[91]

- Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,

antispasmodic, antibacterial and laxative.

Forms indicated-Churna: E.g. Vidangadi churna.

Avaleha: E.g. Vidangadi leha.

Ghrita: E.g. Dashmuladi ghrita.

19. Saindhava (Rock salt)


- Sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, sodium

carbonate, chloride Magnesium.

Ay. Properties [93]

- Kaphanissaraka, Deepana, Rochana,

Vatanulomana.


- Appetizer, antacid, anti-flatulant,

expectorant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory.

Forms indicated-

Churna: E.g. Shringyadi churna.

Ghrita: E.g. Pathadi ghrita.



For use in children, the palatability of the aforementioned

drugs can be enhanced by making their syrups or chocolate coated

bar/candies or sugar coated tablets of their dried extract.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

The Ayurvedic system of management of diseases is

comprised of either shamana therapy or shodhana therapy or both.

Shodhana is indicated for clearing and opening of channels (micro

circulation), i.e. boosting the functional capacity of organ, system

and hence the body as a whole. This actually results in proper

secretion and movement of enzymes and hormones, which is

necessary for maintenance of daily wear and tear and proper growth

and nutrition of the whole body. Whereas, Shamana can be

understood as a therapy for neutralization of toxins and/or its effects

in order to help maintain the normal function and activity of various

organ and systems. In some diseases/conditions, we require both

Shodhana & Shamana, but in many others we can plan the

management by using only either of them.

In Ayurveda, the drug can be in the form of a single herb or its

compound or combined form of many ingredients. Their specific

compositions possess specific properties and are chosen as per the

need for Shodhana/Shamana in a particular condition. The drug

review indicates that most of these Ayurvedic drugs have a wide

therapeutic, viz. potent anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial or antiviral,

anti-allergic, immunomodulator, anti-asthmatic, expectorant and

bronchodilator activity and hence can be successfully used in

management of respiratory allergies like allergic asthma. Infact,

some of the above drugs are already routinely being used in Indian

kitchen, viz. Hingu, Saindhava, Shunthi, Maricha, Pippali, Haridra,

Sukshma Ela etc. and hence those families which regularly consume

these as food/feeding articles, are less susceptible to allergic

conditions. As per Ayurvedic Rasayana concept too, use of drugs

like Amalaki, Pippali, Triphala, Sitopaladi Churna, Haridra etc. as

preventive medicine increases the immunity of an individual, acts as

immunomodulator and also reduces the allergic episodes. So,

regular use of these Ayurvedic medicines in their best palatable form

not only decreases the respiratory allergic episodes, but also

minimizes the requirement of IPD stay as is needed in regular

Shodhana therapy. Furthermore, management of allergic disorders

(at least non-severe ones) by Ayurvedic drugs may enhance the

inherent ability of immune system to cope well with the allergens.

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How to cite this article: Prajapati V, Nagar RK. Effective

Ayurvedic Drugs For Respiratory Allergic Disorders. Int J

Ayurveda & Med Sc 2016; 1(2): 32-41.

Source of Support: Nil Conflict of Interest: None

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