iit roorke campus sustainability- landuse
-
Upload
manjul-pratap -
Category
Documents
-
view
33 -
download
0
description
Transcript of iit roorke campus sustainability- landuse
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 7
7 | Page
The objective of this chapter is to study the existing Land Use of the IIT Roorkee Campus,
and to analyze the existing land use patterns in the campus, for a sustainable land use, it
is mandatory to explore the possibilities of providing a uniform land use, the forthcoming
chapter will further shed a light on this realm of campus sustainability.
Land Use Chapter 1
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 8
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
5.1 Sustainability in land use ....................................................................................................................... 9
5.2 The Campus – iit, roorkee ................................................................................................................... 10
5.3 Existing Land Use analysis ................................................................................................................... 12
5.4 Open Space ......................................................................................................................................... 15
5.5 Uses and User pattern analysis ........................................................................................................... 17
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
Figures
Figure 1: Percentage distribution ......................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 2: Land Use plan - 2007 ............................................................................................................................. 13
Figure 3: Land use Plan - 2012 .............................................................................................................................. 13
Figure 4: Kasturba Bhawan ................................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 5: Rajiv Bhawan ......................................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 6: Campus Population ................................................................................................................................ 14
Figure 7: Low rise Faculty residence - I ................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 8: Dilapidated structure - I ......................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 9: Low rise Faculty residence - I ................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 10: Dilapidated structure - II ...................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 11: Relation between built and open spaces............................................................................................. 15
Figure 13: Fenced open space - II ......................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 12: Fenced open space - I .......................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 14: Identified network of negative open spaces ....................................................................................... 16
Figure 15: Spatial activity analysis ........................................................................................................................ 17
Map
Map 1: Existing Land Use Plan – IIT Roorkee, 2012………………………………………………………………………………………….11
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 9
INTRODUCTION
Land use decisions can have a profound effect on virtually every aspect of our future, from schools
to roads to economic development to housing to the environment. The concept of sustainable land
use—i.e. managing land use in such a way that the need of the present are met without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs—is gaining favor.
Approach to land use planning should promote sustainable outcomes by taking into account overall
opportunities to increase density and to protect natural areas/sensitive open space.
5.1 SUSTAINABILITY IN LAND USE
Sustainable land use planning requires recognition of the limitations of the biosphere and the need
for a balance of social, cultural and economic uses within these natural limitations (Chalifour 2007).
Conserving natural areas on campus and structuring land use decisions upon the protection of
ecosystem function are cost-effective methods of creating a sustainable campus by leveraging the
ecosystem services that the land already provides instead of investing in mitigation efforts.
Natural areas on campus encourage groundwater recharge, help to filter chemical and nutrient
runoff to rivers, provide wildlife habitat, mitigate the heat island effect, and act as carbon sinks for
greenhouse gasses. Therefore, the imperative of natural areas conservation on campus and
university landholdings is clear. However, there are several methods that can be employed to
achieve this objective, and these methods are often determined by the legal, financial, and character
settings of a particular university.
Principle for land use planning:
Principle of land use should be to retain and reinforce the contiguity of the academic enterprise, in
order to encourage interaction and exchange both within and across disciplines. Accommodation of
new and growing academic programs should be made primarily through more Intensive use of
university owned land.
Recommendations:
I. Develop an overarching Campus Master Plan that would guide development on all University
landholdings, which would:
a) Develop a two-tiered land use designation of “conservation zones” to be included in all land
use plans that accompany the master plan
b) Identify the enhancement and preservation of ecosystem function as one of the major
principles guiding all planning documents, decisions, plans, and reviews.
II. Require an environmental sustainability component in all future campus plans and planning
policies. Such a component should blend with the Campus’s educational mission suggesting eco-
revelatory interventions when possible.
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 10
III. Create a consistent process for meaningful student and user participation in the creation of
future master plans, planning policies, building plans, and site selection. Develop a process—perhaps
through the implementation of a multi-stakeholder review, design, and approval body such as a
Campus Planning Commission—that will increase transparency and accountability in the campus
planning process, while simultaneously creating a constituency of student, faculty, and alumni that
will be invested in realizing planned outcomes.
To address issues of foresight, change, and integration, we have chosen to assess the degree to
which the planning and design processes allow human activity and ecosystem services to flourish
into the future.
5.2 THE CAMPUS – IIT, ROORKEE
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee - formerly the University of Roorkee (1948-2001) and
the Thomason College of Civil Engineering (1853-1948) is situated at the foothills of the Himalayas,
in Hardwar district, within the state of Uttarakhand. Spread over 356 acres of land (144 Ha.)
The campus has a very long history and campus development was treated as a slow organic process
that adhered to different guiding policies and patterns. Due to it the campus resulted less efficient
use of land and weak relation between different activities.
There is need to incorporate more sustainability measures into its campus design.
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 11
Map 1: Existing Campus Land Use Plan – IIT Roorkee, 2012
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 12
5.3 Existing Land Use analysis
Land use within the Campus is divided into six categories namely Residential, Administrative,
Academic, Recreational, Infrastructure and facilities and Circulation. The allocation and character of
land use is explained below in the table 1.
Table 1: Existing Land use of the campus
Figure 1 is showing percentage wise distribution
of the various uses in the campus.
Residential is the major land use.It occupies
68.6 acres of land which is 44% of the total
Campus area.
While availablility of green spaces in
the campus is good which is 22%.
Land Use Residential Administrative Academics Recreational Infrastructure & Facilities
Circulation Area in Acres
Total Area
%age
Residential
Faculty & Officers
68.6
157.9 44.4
Staff - A 18.7
Staff - B 6.9
Hostel 52.5
Family/Research Scholars
8.6
Officers Guest Houses
1.9
Trainees Guest Houses
0.7
Administrative Main building 4.4 4.4 1.2
Academic Departments and Lecture complex
42.0 42.0 11.8
Recreational
Passive Green 27.3
77.8 22.0 Active Green 49.6
cafeteria/ plazzas
0.4
Clubs 0.5
Infrastructure and Facilities
Central 16.0 20.0 5.6
Other 4.0
Circulation Padestrian 3.1
53.8 15.0 Motorable 50.7
Grand Total 356 356 100.0
44%
1% 12%
22%
6%
15%
Land Use Distribution
Residential
Administrat ive
Academic
Recreational
Infrastructureand Facili tiesCirculation
Figure 1: Percentage distribution
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 13
Residential use is divided into seven sub-categories namely Faculty & Officers residences, Staff
residences – A & B, Students hostel, Family/Research Scholars hostel, Officers Guest Houses and
Trainees Guest House.
There have been few recent developments in providing residential facilities. Two new buildings for
the students established are – Kasturba Bhawan and Rajiv Gandhi. There are also apartments built
for the faculties along main road. Land use plan prepared in 2007 is given below as a comparison
between residential uses.
The Campus Land Use Plan Update specified that the residential area which consisted of 146.6 Acre
in 2007 increased to 158 Acres in 2011 which gives 7.7% rise in residential facilities.
New buildings have gone high rise rather than typical practice of low rise development that existed
in the past. Some of them are shown below.
Figure 2: Land Use plan - 2007 Figure 3: Land use Plan - 2012
Kasturba
Rajiv Gandhi
Apartments
New development
Figure 5: Rajiv Bhawan Figure 4: Kasturba Bhawan
Biotech dept.
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 14
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
4105 5433
6111
1527 1420 1904
5632 6853
8015
Cam
pu
s p
op
ula
tio
n
Year
Students
Fac and staff
Total
The campus population also has increased significantly.
The present strength of the campus is 8015. It has
recorded 42% increment in past 5 years. It has the
capacity to house all the entire faculty and students on
its campus.
Presently students hostels occupying 33% and faculty
residences occupying 43% of the total residential area.
As faculty and students are the most important
constituents of the campus, therefore it is necessary to
offer them housing with better infrastructure facilities.
The old existing faculty houses that are present in the campus are low rise and low density. Some of
them were constructed over 30 years ago and therefore does not meet the standards of today.
There is an option for modification and re-densification of dilapidated structures with better
facilities to meet future demands.
Figure 6: Campus Population
Figure 9: Low rise Faculty residence - II
Figure 7: Low rise Faculty residence - I Figure 8: Dilapidated structure - I
Figure 10: Dilapidated structure - II
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 15
5.4 OPEN SPACE
People need and crave accessibility to open spaces. Open space on IIT, Roorkee main campus
consists of 77.8 acres (Active – 49.6 acre, Passive – 27.3 acre) or 22% of the total land. In order to
maintain a healthy campus environment and provide for the social and recreational needs of the
students the campus must contain a combination of both buildings and open space. It encourages
students to promote healthy minds, bodies, and spirits. Additionally, open space aids in purifying
infiltrated water and decreases urban runoff.
An ample mixture of built and open spaces spread over the whole campus of IIT, Roorkee mainly
centered by the main building. The following figure shows the distribution of the active and passive
open spaces.
The passive areas are mainly interdepartmental open spaces and are fenced which do not permit
free walking movements. They are used for beautification purposes and fulfill only visual pleasure
and aesthetic quality of the campus..
It is not a good example in sustainability of an institutional campus where pedestrian walkability is a
prime focus. It also limits the scope of individual to interact with others. The coordination must be
enhanced in order to create a network of open lands and realize the true value of recreation.
Figure 11: Relation between built and open spaces
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 16
These spaces are critical open spaces. Removal of fences and establishing a strategic arrangement
will minimize the decrease in access to recreational space.
The campus has 27.3 acre of passive green space. A network of 16.81 acre open area is identified
utilizing which 61.6% of total passive green area can be reduced. It will create a lung space in the
heart of the campus and also add to the recreation value.. The area is shown in the following map.
Figure 12: Fenced open space - II Figure 13: Fenced open space - I
Figure 14: Identified network of negative open spaces
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 17
5.5 USES AND USER PATTERN ANALYSIS
Students are the major constituent of any campus. Certainly they are the main user of all the
facilities and therefore the pattern of usage must be analyzed in relation to the built environment to
guide the sustainable development of the campus.
One of the principle design concepts of a sustainable campus is that spatial arrangement of buildings
should be arranged to encourage mixing of various segments of the campus community. The central
ground complex area acts as a core in the campus as it is connected to all communities.
The following figure is showing a conceptual diagram of major uses/ activities of the students of IIT,
Roorkee. This analysis will help in finding the arrangement of residential, academic and recreational
use while showing a direction of future growth of the campus.
The residential built environment is dominant in the northern part of the campus. Related to it, the
academic use is very less. This means that the students have to move further to get access to other
uses. As there is no scope for development/ densification near the hostel area, the future expansion
should be in the southern part of the campus to have a sustainable mixture of user and usage
pattern..
Figure 15: Spatial activity analysis
Residential
Recreation
Academic
Future growth
potential area
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 18
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 19
CONCLUSION
Based on the study we finally conclude that the following objectives should be the guiding principles
in creating sustainability in land use:
To cluster/ connect residents to their respective work environments by reducing locational
disparities.
To identify and put undeveloped/ unused arable lands into multi-purpose seasonal uses.
To reduce negative green spaces by integration of inter-departmental open spaces.
Identifying carrying capacity from the upper limit of resource consumption viz. land, water,
power.
To create future development opportunities by judicious and inclusive structural design.
Cost-benefit analysis for new developments.
List of References
Chapter 1: Land Use Planning for Operational Sustainability of IIT Roorkee
MURP 1st Semester: Indian Institute of Technology,Roorkee Page 20
1) Allinder E. et. al. (2003), “An Assessment of Campus Sustainability at the University of
Kentucky”, University of Kentucky, UK.
2) Barker, K. (2006), “Barker review of Land Use Planning: Final Report – Recommendations”, HM
Treasury, London, UK.
3) Mina Chan (2007), “Exploring Sustainability in Campus Design and Greenspace: Lessons from
Leading Universities.
4) Beale, B. and C. Fay. 2006. “Open spaces and people places: transfer of development
credits.”, Canada West Foundation
5) Griffith, J.C. 1994. “Open Space Preservation: An Imperative for Quality Campus
Environments”, The Journal of Higher Education.