iiiiiiiiia.. SCA Newsletter 41(2)

Society for

Founded 1966 Volume 41, Number 2 June 2007

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SCA Newsletter 41(2) ·----lillllliiiiiiiiliiiiiliiii_iiiiiiii._iiiiiiiiioiio_..===-=-=---

A quarterly nl!\\l>lencr or articles and infom1allon e:..-.cnlial to Cahfomia archaeology. Contribuuoru. are\\drome Lead article. ~hould be 1,500·!,000 word' Longer article, may appear in iru.tallmems Send ~ubn11~1oru. ru. hard cop)' or on diskeue to SCA \1?1"/ell<'f. l>t.vartment or Anthropology. CSl Chico. Chico CA 95929-()..iO I or as e-mail or auachment:. to <1,'Wh1t~(it csuch1co.edu>

The SCA Executive Board encourages publication or a wide range or opinions on L-sues pertinent U> California archat•ology. Opinions, commentary, and editorials appearing in 01e t\e1~5'letter represent the I iC\I'<; or the author.>, and not neces.>aril) those or the Board or Editor Lead article author.; should be aware that their articlei. may appear on the SCA web site, unit", they n.'(jue>t othern1;e.

Ed11onal St:11I ~lanagmg F.d1tor Greg \\bite (530) 898-4360

[email protected] Contribuung F.d1toc M:.i!llant Editor. . . . . . Patricia]. :.likkelsen Curation . . . ............ Cindy Stankowski Federal Agcl1C) i\(.'I~\ • • • . . . . . . . . Jim C:L<;)idy Field NOie.' . . . . . . . . Michael Sampson J hqorical Archaeology . . R. Scott Baxter lnfonnatmn Ccntcl'\ ... ... An1y lluberl:md :\l'\1 Pubhc:111oru. • • • .. Deime Thomru. OHP • • . • ~lichael ~lcGu1rt

l..t.>gisl:ttion . . • • • Stephen 8r111e CASSP . Chris and Beth Padon State Agenq t\l!\\'i> .... open

t\en~/etter Deadlme, For l.1we . . . . . . . . . . De:ulline March . • . .. . .. . . • . . . . Februal) 20 June. .. . .................... May20 September . . .. • .. .. ........ Augusl 20 Dt>cemher .. . • .. .. .. . . . . . . Nol'ember 20

Calendar Subm1:..,1on~ P:unc1a \\cbh [email protected]

.-\tl1tlll'ID¥ Rat,;.• 111 p:1gc . • . . • . . . . . • • . . . • • . • . • • • s-o If! page . .. . . . • . • .. .. . .. . • . . • S IOO Full pai:c $1,'i

• 1\t.l~ tha1 nm thn_>e or more consecuti~ 1:-stl<':! receive a l'l'io dL<;(;()un!.

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Onth!!C01crCher./ S11111h-lintner JI nrirl; /11

the /'re,idio . .\n.:haeo/og1 Lib Photo h.1 .\ndt't.' f'n.'t'bt'QI

Regular Features

From the President Stephen Horne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~

SCA Business and Activities Legislative Liaison Reporl ...... . ..... . .. . ........•........ . ............ ........ 4 Archaeology Month Report. .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. . . • . . . . .. .. . .. .. .. . . . . . 6 CASSP Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 NAPC Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Proceedings Reporl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 SM Liaison Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2007 Annual ~leeting Wrap ..........•...•......•.................•......•.... 9 Web Sites of Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 New Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

News and Announcements Announcements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 On-Line Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Meetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 The Archaeology Channel.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Opinion and Commelll . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Calendar of Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................. -i"'

Documenting Colonial C1Ll.ifomia

Methodologies for Documenting Colonfal California: Case Studies from El Presidio de San Francisco

Liz N. Clevenger, Eric Brandan Blind, ;md Sannie Kenton Osborn . . . . . . . . . . . .............•......................... 22

111e Tama.t-Huye Archaeological Project: Cross-Cultural Encounters in Sixteenth-Century No1thern California

~latthew A. Russell .. .. ........................... 22

Assessing and Protecting Resources Along tl1e Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail

Stanley C. Bond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ........... . . ....... .. ........... 22

Mission San Juan Bautista: Zooarchaeologica1 Investigations at a California Mission Michelle C. St.Clair-Jerman..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

New Sources for Early l 9d1 Century California History: The Russian Naval Arcltives in St. Petersburg

Glenn Farris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Making Pathways Through Traclitions: An Update on the Kashaya Pomo lnteq>retive Trail Project

Sara L. Gonzalez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .

Archaeology PubLic Day@ cl1e 2007 Annual Meeting David Reed Cohen and Liz'.\. Clevenger

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From the President

111 puc rhc.: finishing rouches on h i'> lcrtcr, a wi ldfire is blowing hrough rhc juniper and

'>agebru"h a little more than a mile from 111) place.: in central Oregon\ high dc.:scrc. The air ... melb of .,mokc.:. l\e hitched up chc.: horse craikrand the livestock is ready for cvacuanon. lr"s exciting, bur not nearly ~is foc.·u.,ing as the lase month has bt:en-nn fir'>t monch a ... SC\ President. It\ been an interesting cimc. Ar rhe banqtH.:c in San Jose I hoped for an incaescing yt:ar. One.: shoultl b..: careful" har one wishes for. The phone\ ring at a bn'>k pace ;inti 111) inbo'\ fairh bur ... c-. e\ <.:f\ dJv. \cruall~. the 1n-bo~ would probabl): \\\ell t:\c.:n more.: if folks had m' correct e-mail address-an inc.·rnTecc one \\'Cnt ouc c.:arlicr. The ri).(ht unc: <[email protected]>.

\\"e han: come co expcu char our Socicr(s meetings arc ro"cs ... c.:d of a c.:c.:rrnin Jj, cli111.:s-,. Several nH:mbcr<, ha' e let me kno\\ that chc annual meetings rn San Jose wen: no c.:xception and I c.:crcainh ... a\\ that this "a!> the c.:a\e m\ ... elf. There" ere.: terrific paper-. <tnd man) opporruniricii co meet frienc.h and colleague.:,. The meeting ... " ere.: managed our,randinglv b) Jennifer I· arq11har and \ l:trk I h lkem:i: che '-,ilc.:nc A.ul·tion ''a'> ~rt:ar fon rhank-. ro Ste.: Ila tl'Orn' c.:arc.:lul prc.:pararion.... l'hc.: "ioc.:1c.:r\ owe., its apprec1ac1on ro all of our m;tn\ 'oluncc.:c.:r'>.

-=-----------liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiii• SCA H ewslett8 4 1(2 )

By rhe wa,. the Proec.:cdingii from ta ... c year\ meccinl!; were <l lictlt.: underpopulated. Le~r thc.: papers and prcsenracion., from the San Jo'>c meetings become consigned to fading areas of memory, this year's contributor<; '>hould gee rheir manu'>cripr-. pn.:pared '><>On for publication in che Proccc.:ding'>. The Proceeding'> arc one of chc.: SCA's mosc imporcanc programs. le is incumbent on presenters co -,upporr our Proceeding'> and co make rheirconrriburiom arnilablc for furure scholar'>hip. Thi-; year, thc.: Socict) has made -,omc important changes in IH>\\ ~ind where rhe Proceedings wi ll be produced, but che most important point for contributor'> i., char submi., ... ion'> should be made directly co Sharon \\';ieehrer (sharon@farwcs~ern.org) rath<.:r chan co che Business Office.

J use as several of my JHl.!dccessors ha\'e done, I ha\ c liscened to pointed complaint'> ,1bouc che qu.1lit' ofCEQ ,\ archaeolog) and have noncctl more nntl more of u~ miking uhour rhc need

for professional standards, e~pecially for doing C EQA-rclaced "ork. Thi~ is'iue is gaining \team and I expect that we" ill be.: ha,•ing more.: to report in future i~suc.::-. of chis 1\,'cwslctter. The Society's I mmcdiate Past-President. Frank Ba) ham, ha1> agreed ro continue "ork on chc l'>'>Ue of hcl\\ archaeology .., done in chc.: context ofCEQ,\ . This i'> a big job and he will be" <irking c.:lose::ly "ich ch1.: Seate 11 i:-toric Prest:rvation Officer. our O\\ n CEQ1\ rn'>k force and the Profc.,.,ional ~candard ., and Guidclin1.:., Commicrce rhroughour chc coming year.

Bev Omz. of ch1.: Ea:-c B:I\ Rc.:g ional Park District. and {.)regg Casrro. Ohlone/Salinan, continue \\Ork on che is ... uc of unauchori1cd di'>clo-.urc.: of -,ice J(}(::1cion informarmn on park ,1nd other public lands. Fueled bv the incc rn<::r and G PS ccchnology, th~ broad. publit· dbseminacion of '>Cn~1ci' e and accurate ... ire.: location information I'> incrcao;ing. The Societ\ .,hare~ thi., concern and Be'\ ' ' orkshop in San Jose. eo-ch:11rcd with ( iregg. ha~ (conrinuccl f1'1!{c J9J

President Stephm Home I .,2:?'i S\\ Quail Road Terrebonne OR <).,.,&l Tel ( 5·1 I l 9H "'T'8; e-nrni l. ~phome@hotnuil .com

lmmedi:w l'•N P~ident frank E. Bayham Deparuncnt of Anthropolog\ CSl'. Chico. Chico. CA. 959.!9 100. Tel !'iJO> l\{),~~~O; e-mail: Flla~ham<e csuch1co.edu

Pre.11/t·m Fit'ct \lark \X Allen Cahfom1a State Pol)technic I 1111cr.i1y. Pomona Oept. of Gt'OJ:r:iphr & ,\nthmpolol('i .~J l,l;t">t Temple \renue Pomona, CA 91768 Tel (<)09) K69.3511 e-mail mwal len(111csupomona t-Uu

Soudlt'm I ia'-Pre.ident jmnifcr Pcm Pomona Colltoge. Dept. of .\mhropoh;g\. 333 '\orth College \fa) Claremont, C:ahfomia 91711 Tel· !909) 482-099'i. e-matl 1cnrnforperry@ pomona t'tlu

.\imht·m l1ce-Pre;ident \hchad :\t'\\land. Anthmpolo!(1cal :>tudie. Ctnkr. Sonom:1 :>tate l"niVCNI}, Buildin!( 29. Cotati, Cl\ 9-1928 ·1e1 c101> <iM n4. e-m:ul michacl.nL'wland@'>!muma.edu

St'Cll?t.111: R1,a Huo:tter Senllnel .\rchaeolog1cal

Research. 1.1.C: • .,,; Lnton Station Road Cer.crvillc. CA 95·!'11, 170.,) ~~I 0,16 voice e-mail n,a(o st!l1Unelcm1 com

Tll':Ntn:r l..t'1gh Jonlan 126 Da\i-. l.;uic Pcnngrm1:. <:\ 9-t951-<J569; Tel PO~) 66+0880; e-mail• lell(hjordan5686(i>·,hq~lohal.11et

Bu>int,.,_, Ofl1ci.• .\/;ma;:er Greg\\ l111e C:Sl Ch1l'o. Building !5, $mil· 10 I Chil'l1, n 95929-001 Tel r 5.)0J X9X 1.~60 e-mail i.•wlutecr csuchico.edu

SC\ Bus in~ Office <:hmt.'I Frazcr·l\crll'\ Ph '530) 891Vi., H Fx <'i.~Ol 89ll· 1JW

SC \[email protected] l11u

SCA Newsletter 4 1(2) _. ________________________ _

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AdJ((J(l.C.ed Annual Meetmg Plannmg Tom Origer Tel: (707) 584-8200 E-ma1 I: [email protected]

Armual Meeting local Arrangemeflts Matthew Des Louriers E-mail: [email protected]

Annual ~et111g Program Chair Dustin McKenzie Tel: (805) 215-2582 E-mail: [email protected]

Archaeology Month Repr.esefltat1Ye Lauro Leach-Palm Tel: (530) 756-3941 E-mail: [email protected]

Bennyhoff .Memorial Award Kr1st1no Roper Tel : (559) 561-6011 E-mai I: [email protected]

CA Arch Site Stewardship Progra11J Beth and Chris Padon Tel: (562) 432-1801 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

Curatum Representative Cindy Stankowskl Tel: (619) 239-1868 E-mail; [email protected]

Grants and Fundraisiflg Lynn Compos E-mail: [email protected]

Meml>ership open Native Americ.anPrograms Cassandra Henscher (916) 813-8468 [email protected] Janet E1dsness Tel: (530) 629-3153 E-ma1 I: [email protected]

Newsletter Greg White Tel : (530) 898-4360 E-mail: gwhit [email protected]

NcminatiOfJs open

Proceediags Sharon Waechter Tel: (530) 756-3941 E-mail: [email protected]

Profe,ss1011al Standa,-ds and Guidelines Lynn Gamble Tel: (760) 371-1320 E-mail: [email protected]

SMC11t AHPics Shannon Tushingham Tel: (916) 717-2794 E-mail: [email protected]

Web Site Don Loylander E-mail: [email protected]

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SCA Business, Committee News,

and Liaison Reports

Legislative Liaison Report Stephen Bryne, SCA Lcgislaci1·c Liaison

Federal Legislation 11 O'h Congress, 2007-2008

s. 268

Title: Ice t\ge F loods National Geologic: Trail Designation Acc.

Sponsor: Senator t'\ laria Canrwell (D\Vt\).

Summary: Designate:. chc kc Age Floods 'arional Geologic Trai l, a rr:.ii l from i'vl issou la, f\1onrana ro rhc Pacific Ocean, co provide for rhe public appreciarion, undcrscandi ng, and enjoymenr of the nationally sign ificanr nacural and culrural features ofchc Ice Age F loods and t0 promote efforts co inrerprt:t and e:;ducate a lo ng rhe pachways ofrhc floods. Requ ires the Secretary of che T nccrior, accing ch rough rhc Direccor of rhe National Park Service, co adm inister rhc Trail in accordance wich chis Acc.

Status: P laced on Senate Legislarive Calendar under Genera l Orders.

Related bills: H. R. 450.

s. -193

Ticlc: California \Vild H erirageAcr of 2007.

Sponsor: Senator Barbara Boxer (0-CA).

Summa ry: A bill to de:;signate ccrcain public land as wilderness and cercain ri\ crs as wild and scenic rivers in the Srate of California, to designate Salmon Restoration Areas. to esrablish the Sacramento River N<Hional Recreation Arca, chc Ancient Brisrlecone Pine Forest, and for other purposes.

Status: Referred to che Comm ictec on Energy and Na rural Resources.

Rdarcd bills: E-1. R. 860, S.811.

S.811

Ticle: Sacramento River Narional Recreation Area Ace of2007.

Sponsor: Senaror Barbara Boxer ( DCA).

Summary: Esrablishes rhe Sacramento River l acional Recrearion Arca in Californ ia. consisting of specified public land in Tehama and Shasca cou ncics. Requires che development of a comprehensive plan for che longrangc proteccion and managcmenr of rhc area. Specifically, chis act would conserve, procecr, and enhan<:e che riparian and associated areas (including the outstanding ecologica l, geological, scenic. recreational, cultural, and historic resources), the fish and wildlife ' 'a lucs, and other resoun.:e:;s. The recreation area would be nrnnaged by che Redding Fie ld Office of the Bureau of Land J\Ianagerncnr.

Starus: Referred ro che Comminee on Ene:;rgy and 'anJral Resources.

~-----------------····••iiiillllla.. SCA Newslelter 41(2)

H .R. 508

Tide: Bring the Troop'> 1 lomc and Iraq So,ereignr~ Rc.,coration !\ct of 2007

Spon!>or: Rcp. Lynn \\'oobcy ( D-6'h)

Summary: Dcclarc., rhar it i'> l '.S. policy co: (I) end rhe occu pacion of Iraq; (2) acccler.m: the training and equipping ofl raq \;military and securit') forces; (J) pursue '>ecumy and srnbiliry in Iraq through diplomacy; (-l) help prcsenc the territorial intcgrit} of Iraq a'> a nation '>rate; (5) account for an) mi5sing U.S. Armed Forces personnel or lf.S. ciri1.en:-. in Iraq; and (6) turn over internal security activities and mi litary operation~ in Iraq ro the elected government of I rnq within six mon chs. Section 20(> of the bi 11 authorizes the president ro help rescore Iraq i hiscorical and arch<1cologica l sites through a grants and , • ..,,i.,t;1ncc program that includes the Iraqi \Iuscum of Antiquitie .... the Smithsonian lmticucion. che \\°orltl \ Ionument'> Fund, and chc Oriental In ... mutc of the l 111\ er\ it\ of Chicago. Empha'>i'> "oulcl be pbced on training and hiring Iraqi citi/cn-. co perform the rcscoratton act1\ 1r1e'>. Fund-. "01tld be allocated pnmanh to local Iraqi go' crnmenr u111cs. Thc program" ould be allocated $250.000.000 for the fiscal y1.:ar 2008.

Statu'>: Commirtcc he.iring'> hcld.

California Legislation Session 2007-2008

AB 1515

Aurhor: Doug Lat\ lalfa (l~-2"'1 )

'I 'i cle: ·1 ·im bcr l Lin est Plan E \.em pcion

Su mm.tr\ :· 1 h1:-. bill e't<.:111.h, for Ii\ e yc.ir-. co Jan11.1r' I. 201 '· rhc -.un-.ct on an c\.cmprmn. from the rcqu1rcmcnr m

Contact Your Representatives

prepare a timber han1csc plan (Tl IP) whenever trees arc harvested co -.ell. for tree chinning on small parcels designed co reduce fuel co slow down the spread of wildfires. According m the bill's cexc. che rcgi!.ccrcd professional foreseer submining chc nocice, upon <>ubmission of chc nor ice. shall provide a confidential archaeology lener that include.:-. ,1ll of the informarion rcquirt:cl by any ofchc provisions chat apply to the c'cmpcion ar issue. Also as a part ofthi:. provision, rhe dircccor shall \ubmic a complete copy ofthc confidential archaeological lcrcer and two copics of all required archaeological or hi~torical site records, co the appropriate.: Information Ccnterofchc Cali fornia H iscorical Resou rce Information System within 30 days from the dace of notice submim1 I co thc dirccrnr. Before subm itting the nocicc co the dirccror, the registered professiona l forc-.ter sh al I send a copy of chc nocicc to

N.icive American:,. as dcfincd in Section 895.1ofTicle14 of the California Code.: of Regulation-..

Scacus: Referr<.:d co Senate Committee on :\'atural Resourccs and \Yatcr.

, \CR30

.\uthor: Pacey Berg(D-1 " )

Tide: Elizabcth Jane Ro:.ewarnc ~ lemorial Bridge

Summary: Spccificall). this bill (I) recounts chc life and cimcs of Elizabeth Jane Rosewarnc, "hose home in t\lcndocino Counrv i.., an historic archaeological sic<.: ;ind is eligible for the , ational lkgi'>ter of l liscoric Placcs; (2) nor<.:s char rh1~ \ICC

is rhe locacion for both the M>uthcrn anu norchcrn '>pam of ch<.: E<.:1 RI\ er Briugc: (.) l uc~ignat<.:'> the nor chem span of thc Eel Ri' er Bridge,.., thc E li1.abeth Jane Ro'>e\\ arnc \ lcmon,il Bridge: and (41 request'> chc

Legislation Links

Cahlornia State Assembly www.assembly.ca.gov California State Senate www.senate.ca.gov U.S. House of Representatives www.house.gov U.S. Senate www.senate.gov Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger www.govemor.ca.gov/statelgovsite/gov_homepage President George W Bush www.wh1tehouse.gov

American (JJitura/ Resource Assoc11;1t1on J..iai.SJl.lJ Ronald V. May E-mail. [email protected]

Ca/Jforrua Cou~ the Promotion of l::fis1Qry l.1.fllSPfl Shelly Davis-King Tel: (209) 928-3443 E-mo1I: [email protected]

Information Ceo1er l1a1son Amy Huberland E-mail : [email protected]

Leg1$/at1on l1a1son Stephen Bryne E-mod : [email protected]

Nat1ve.Jfmer.kao 1:/erlfage Com m.1.s_$1oa__i._i_wSQo Stephen Horne Tel (54 1) 923-7778 E-mail [email protected]

Pub/Jeffy lia.1$on open

OHP L1a1son Michael McGu1rt Tel (916) 653-8920 E-mail· [email protected]

Society for H1stor1ca/ Archaeology l1a1son R. Scott Baxter Tel; (209) 223-2790 E-mail: [email protected]

Society for Amencan Archaeology l1a1son Candace Ehringer Tel (626) 304-0102 ext. 220 E-mail : [email protected]

State Hlstorrca/ Resources Comm1ss1on l1a1son Stephen Horne Tel. (541) 923-7778 E-mail [email protected]

Websites

http:· •www.leginfo.ca.gov http. thomas.loc.gov http.l/acra-crm.org

Contact Your SCA Legislative Liaison Stephen [email protected] Telephone: 510-622-0152

5

SCA Hewslettw 41(2) Aliiiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiilliiiiiiim•---------------==

Department ofTransportacion (Calcrans) co determine che cosc of appropriace signs, consistent wich che signing requiremencs for che scace highway syscem, showi ng this special designacion and, upon receiving donacions from non-scace sources sufficient co cover the cosr, co erect chose signs.

Srarus: Referred to Senate Commitcec on Tran'>porcation and Housing

References lncernmcnt-sice preservacion OKd.

San Francisco Chronicle, December 6, 2006.

Government Affairs Updace, January 2007, Sociecy for American Archaeology.

Archaeology Month Laura Leach Palm

Archaeology Month 2007 now is in October! The switch from l\fay allows ir co corrc!>pond with Cal ifornia's K through 12 curricu lum, which includes J arivc Am<.:rican and colonial hiscory in ch<.: foll and winter months ofrhe -;chool )Car. Thi~ is an excellcnc opportunity for you co talk co 4•h and s•h graders ;1bout tirchaeology.

The Archaeology Month 2007 theme is The Archaeology of Colonial California. Eric Blind. UC Berkeley and archaeologisc ac Presidio Trust. is creating rhe poscer, cnticlcd Digitally Documenting Colonial California. The poster conveys the digital rc'>coration process of al\ I ission Dolorc-. mural chat was painced by '.'\aci' e .\merican artists around 1790. The painting \\Wi co,·ered by a relief 'culpwrc in 1796. and was concealed for O\ er ZOO year-;. Eric and Ben \\'ood. \1:.1 ... sachmen' [n.,cicutc ofTcchnolog~ \·i~t1<tl .\ re~ program, digically phorogrnphed the entire mural a~ parr of che restorat ion. i\ lore information abou1 Lhe mural can be fou nd at: http:// "'" w.mi,-,iondoloresmural.com.

The po-.ccr "ill be available in Seprcmbc;r, and will be disuibuccd ;1t

chc daca 'h;mng mc.:erine;'> or can be obtained from chc SCA busincs-. office Orne \ou "ill need w pay rhc po\t;1gc).

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\Ve are in chc process of updating the Archaeology- lonth Calendar. If you have an evenc or displa) thac you would like co have on ch<.: SCA web page, please concacc L aura LeachPalm ([email protected]).

SCA needs area directors to promote and facilitate Archaeology Month participation. Please contact L aura co sec wh;lC you c;1n do. And m any thanks to Dustin McKenzie of Science Applicacions lncernacional Corporation in Carpenceria, who is the new Archaeology 1'\ lonch liaison in che Santa Barbara region. I lei:, already planning a series of arcicl<.:s on regional archaeology wich chc San ca Barbara newspaper, The lndcpcndcnr. He can be conracced ac: duscin.k.mckcnzic@SA IC.com.

Reach out to your neighborhood -gi,·e a talk. a slide show, or run an essay comest. P uc your event -whatever ics dace - on chc Archaeology ~lonch calendar. Archaeology will remain a viable pursuic only as long as our communities value it.

CASSP Report Bcrh and Chris Padon

Thanks to cvcryon<.: who attended the site stewardship committee meeting thac wa!> held <It the annual SCA meetings in San Jose. \Ve were pleased co announce chat the SCA and CASSP received a grant for 2007 from the California Srace Parks Off- I I ighway Mocor Vehicle l{ecrcation Di vision. Again, we are indebted ro Jim Keeler and Ken Wilson ofchcCaliforniaScare Office. BL~l , for 'pcarhcading chi .. year'!> application and am:nding ~e' era! hearings for che program. \\'c appreciate their contributions and commicment co sire '>ceward-;hip.

Ar the commiccce mcecing. we discussed locations for inici ~tl rrainin,g workshops and topic~ for advanced \\orkshops. Eric RirrerofBLl\ I Redding Field Office, i\like i\lc:lncryc of \ ngclcs ~arional l·nre ... r. Julie Bun.:cll from Pluma' '\:;tcional Forc.:sr. and Jennifer Parker .1t Ococillu \\"ell' Scace Ychicular Ret:rc.1tion \rca h<1n: e\.pres ... cd inrcre ... r 1n ho,r1ng ... ire

stewardship workshops. When plans for these workshops finalize, we will announce the daces and cimes on the CA SP web site and on the listserv. ( If you want co be on the CASSP listsen, send a blank e-mail message co <cassp[email protected]> ).

1losr committee members wanccd anochcr advanced workshop char covers '>Urvcying, GPS, and mapping. SCA Prcsidenc Stephen Horne and Jim Shearer, BL\I Barscmv Field Office archaeologist, agreed to help wirh ~uch a\\ ork.,hop. Th is workshop wou Id highlight creating sice sketch maps. working wich GPS equipment, and rccogn izing arci facts in the field. If you arc a current sice steward and if you arc interested in chis advanced workshop. please send your name to us by e-mail ([email protected]) or ca 11 at (562) 431-0300. If another advanced work<;hop copic would help you with your <>ice visits, please send us your suAAcstions.

Ken \\'ilson also reported on rhc possibilit) of collaborating wich chc lnsriwro :1cion;1/ de Ancropolog fa c lliscoria in Baja California on site sccwardship training. We could conduct an initial training workshop in El Ccnuo, where Baja California sire 'ite\\ ard'> could join us. Looks lik<.: CASSP i'> going incernacional!

The next annual CASSP commicccc meeting will be in Burbank, during the April 2008 SC1\ meeting'>. If you are inceresr<.:d in CASSP or in becoming a sit<:: steward, please concacr Bech Padon ac <[email protected]> or visit the CASSP \\ cb si cc ar W\\ \\.Ca~~p.org.

NAPC Report Ca.rnindr:1 J lensher. Co-Chairof'SC. \ i'\'ari1c 1\ mcrican Pro~ram~ Commirrc:c

Native Am erican Programs Workshop Explores che Human Side ofCRM

The '-.atl\ c.: \mcrican Program' Commmee (' :\PC> b happ) co rc.:porc •• re ... ounthng '>U C<:<.:" ac chi'' C<tr\

-----~==~=====-=========iiii----------········ .. SCA Hewslett« 41(2)

Annual Meeting. We experienced record attendance for our two-parr session titled A Dialog: Considering California Indian Values and Concerns in CR/I.! Policies and Praccices. In one-hour increments we whizzed through eight separate topics, running rhe gamut from 'Consu ltation with California Indians ' ro 'Coroners and Dewrmining Race,' from 'Working with California THPOs' co' arivc American Views on Death and Treatment of Ancestral Remains.' !\lore than rwenty prescmers-both acive and non- lacivc-shared their knowledge, experiences, and truly genuine feelings. The planning commirccc for the session (consisting of Janet Eidsness, Gregg Castro [Salinan], Valentin L opez IAmah Mutsun] , l\folany Johnson [Maidul, Gabriel Gorbet [MaiduJ. and Cassandra Hens her LKaruk l) strove for open and honest communication between archaeologisrs and acive Americans, in a safe setting where true listening and understanding could cake place. A variety of perspectives were shared. nor all a like, but al l from rhe heart. Emorions ran scrong as people opened up and shared their personal stories and experiences-and we all came to undersrnnd a litclc more about the real effects of archaeology and CRM on California's indigenous people. Look for a summary report on the session in the Annual l\1eeting Proceedings due our in 2008.

Proceedings Report

Passing the Baton

As of the next issue. Volume 21. Greg White and the SCA Business Office will no longer be responsible for production of the annual Proceedin~s. Despite what you see on the SCA home page (hrrp://www.scahome.org/publications/ proceedings.html), the Proceedings will henceforth (but 5u rel y not forever) be produced by Far vVcstern Anthropological Research Group. Sharon Waechter at Far We;;stt:rn will conrinue to be the Edicor, with the able a nd greatly appreciated help of Don Laylander. Please note that all submissions should be sent or emailed directly to Sharon. Your submission rnu~t include an electronic version (\\lord or \\'ordPcrfecr), either on a CD or as an e mail atrach mcm. All other guidel ines for submission to the Proceedings remnin rhe same.

All senior aurhors and symposia chairs are urged rn submit their papers from the 2007 Annual f\ leetings in San Jose for publication in the next volume of the Proceedings. Please submit text as Word files, graphics (separately) a::, PDF o r Tl F files, and t:ibles (separately) in Word or Excel. You can find derailed submissions guidelines on the SCA home page at http://wW\\'.Scahome.org/publications/procet:dings.htrnl.

Sharon Waechter, SCA Proceedings Editor Far Western Anthropological Research Group 2727 Del Rio Place - Suite A Davis CA 95618 530· 756-3941 [email protected]

SAA Liaison Report Candace Ehringer, SAA Liaison

T he 2007 Society for American Archaeology. held in Apri l in Austin, TX, was the society's second-bcstattended meeting, with 3,670 members in

attendance (the 2001 Annual Meeting in ew Orleans holds the attendance record.) rl 'here was a large variety of cal ks, covering all pares of rhe globe. from 8am co almost lOpm on the first day. The U ni versity of cw Mexico and Brown University were the final contestants in this year's Ethics Bowl. The Brown University ream dealt with the question: "to whom do we return artifacts were looted from a national museum during a rime of war?" The University of ew .lV!exico ream cackled the question: "should professionals publish research based on an artifacts collected by avocational archaeologists?" Boch reams did an exeellcnr job of defending their positions, bur. in the end, the ream from Bro.,.vn University was declared the winner. llnforcunarely. California did not take home a prize for best Archaeology Month/Week poster this year. The winners o f the Archaeology Month/\Veck Poster comest were: l ' ' prize, Arizona; z nd prize, Wyoming; and 3'd prize, Alaska. Past wi nncrs can be seen at the SAA's websi ce: hrcp:Uwww.saa.org/ Public/arch Posters/poscer\.Vi nnerArch ive 2006.htm I.

This year's Council of Councils Meeting began Thursday morning wirh a wonderful presentation by Duane Peters of Geo-l'v!arinc in Plano, TX, cnticled "Texas Archaeology: Past and Prt:st:m." Pc::u::rs began b y add 1 c:;:;:; ing :;umc:: uf ti 1c:: cu11c::11c issues in Texas archaeology. including che lack of legal prorecrion for unmarked burials; rhc lack ofwell-rrained young archaeologists; raising the bar on TRHP eligibility: concinuing efforts re laced co public outreach, including producing less boring technical documents; and lack of curarion faci lities.

In 2007, most archaeology conducted in the sca re of Texas is done ch rough private enterprise, a result of compliance with federa l and scare laws. According to Pete rs, the move awa) from academia and into private enterprise has limited rhe opportunities for up-and-com ing a rchaeologists co gain adequate fi e ld experience. llnivcrsicics art: now producing I\ I As and Ph Os who IHl\'C link knowledge of and experience wirh proper tit: Id techniques. [l e suggests chat private firms de,·elop internship programs, which would allow firms co rrain ~ind then hire chcse berrcr-cr:iincd individuab.

Peccrs abo lamented chc continued use of "telephone boorh" archaeology (pre\'alent in chc '70s and '80s), which produces a locofarcifacrs bur lircle informacion on past Ii fcways. I Ic advocated the continued and expanded use of large !; lock exca\'ations, \.\'hich can illuminacc use of a landscape and provide a much more detailed piccurc of how people li,·ed.

Peters is ~1 l so an advocate of in,·olving loca l communities in archaeological 'itudics. I le c ited che Freedman's Cerncrer) Project. conducted b~ his firm. as a good example ofrhc benefits ofha,·ing the community invoked. J\lthough tht:

SCA H"wsletter 4 1(2) ..----------lllliiliiiiliiiiiiiii_.iiiiiii _______ ~ projecr. which invol"cd the rcmo,·al and reburial of a late I 9'h co earl} 2()•h· ccnrun free black ccmcrcn. to allo\\' for the expansion of a roadway: was :u fir:.t at odds" ith the local communir,. vear' of litigation led to a :.erclcmenr tha'c Jllowed for scienti fie -.tud\ of the burials. In the end, Gco-:\iarinc rccei,·ed an award for public outreach. They also produced a lc~\-tcchnicalthan-usual technical report. which wa:, •lcccssible co the communir\ in'' hich the project rook place.' I 'he ·F recd man's Cemete~ report w:1~ unu-.ual in that it began with a hist0r\ of the comm unit\ moving inro die te~hnica l dat:1 later. · . Peters suggests tha L we stri vc m generate reports which would appcal rn a broaderaudienec, not just t0 fc llow archaeologists.

Peters rhcn gave an ovcn1iew of some of the more intcresring .. iwi. rhac have reccncly been invcsrigarcd in

Kathy Puseman at SAA Meeting Austm.

rl exas. including the wreck of the La Belle. The Texas Historical Commi.,sion has completed cxcarnrion of tht: "reek and produced a beautiful book full of gorgcom color phoros and illusrracions ticled "From a \\'arc~ Gr:H c: The Di-.co,·cn· and Excarncion of la Salle'!> Shipwreck. La Bt.:llc.:." La Belle, the riagship of French t:'\plorer Robe re Cl\ clier. Sic.:ur de la Salle. :.ank in :\ larngorda B:l\ (located betwccn Gah C\tOn and Corpu!> Chri:,ri) in J 686. . Archaeologist'> for the Commi.,.,ion decided rhat the besrcourse of Jction, given the dark water in" hich the ship rests. was w build a cofferdam around the" reek and t:ll.Cavare on dr\ land. This was the first rime -;uch a large 'hip had been exca,·aced ~1sing a dl")-land cofferdam - and chc lir!>r rime it lrnd ever been attempted in the L'S. t\ very expensive undcrrnking, che cxcarncion was completed with rhe u">e of$ I. 75 mi ll ion in gm ernmenc fund'>. wirh marching funds pro\'ided by privr1ee donors. Over one million arci facts were recovered, including a rare. large fragment of che ship's sai ls. Currently, the ' Lcxas 11 istorical Commission is conduccing excavations ac Fort Sai nt f ,ouis. For more informacion on the Le1 l ~cllc and Fort Sai nt Louis, and many other ' lexas archaeological :mes, check o ut the ''Texas Beyond 11 is to I")': The Virtual J use um ofTexas Cu ltural I lcricage" web:.ice at \\'\\ \\.texasbc)ondhi:.to[).nec. E.,rnblished in 2001, the sire is dedicated to educating the public on th<.: archacology and hisrorv ofTcxas. Conrributions co the \\Cb'iitc ha,·c bc<.:n incorporated i~ro .,e,·eral culcural resource mici~~ltion plans in the scare.

:\lark \I itchell ,gave the ne:\C prc:,enmcion. on the '>rate of Jrchaeology in Colorado. Colorndo\ unmarked burial law ha<> been modified -.uch char recO\ ered rcmain:, arc arnilable for stud\ for onl) 45 da)., - dcl\\ n from 365 da\ '· \ ba.,e realignment (re~d "expan-.ion .. ) at Fort C,ir.,on \Pin yon Cam on \Ian ell\ er Sire threatens -;evcral culrnral resourc~-.. inclt1tiin~ the '>tare's largest and lease documented collccrion of rock arr, the San ca Fe Trail, a large number of 1860\ home\Cl:ad-., and late prehisroric archirccrural .,ires. The militar) would like co expand the Pinvon Canyon :-. lancuver Sitc from 235,000 acre<; co 653.000 acres. ·i~he expan~ion would introdut·c Ii\ c lire and curwil public acccs!> ro

8

thesc area'> l'he Defense Base Closure and Realignment ,\ct of 1990 exempcs base realignments from NE P \ '>t.:rutim. ,\!though the real ignmenr would C\Cntll;tll) he '>Ubject ro Section 106 . • \ l irchcll bc.:licn:s that ic will bc too lace, the damage" ill ha,·e been done, and the mil1tan "ill O\\ n the land. Efforts arc currenrl\' u11ue1 '' "' Ill ">Hip Ll11:: 111iliLa1 ~ f1u111 rnki11g L11c:: la11u · ch rough cm1nenr domain. The Colorado Council of Profes.,ional Archacologi'>t~ will be enlisting the aid of other i.rncc., · eouncib. '><>the SCA membership ~hould expect :1 call ro arms in chc near fururc.

T he P rofc'>'>ional Archacologiscs of 1-.:ansas. in conjunction wich chc Kansas Sratc Historical Socicrv ha'> produced a' er) '>lick brochure enritled "Getting ch~ Archaeological Green Lighc for Your Projects: A Basic Gu ide to Complying with Laws Regarding Archaeological Sites." The brochure, designed for conrrncrors, e ngineer:,, government agencies. and individu;ib who :ire pcrhaps dealing with Federal compliance for rhe first rime, answers such basic qucMions a ... What is the h1w? \\'ho pays for che work? I lcl\\ much will thi-; cost? \\'hat happens if I don't folio" the proc<.:ss' I le}\\ long docs the process take? and 11°'' docs the proces'> benefit me? The answers stress the imporr:1ncc of dealing" ith rhe:,e issues head on, carh· on. and hone-.ch. Thc goal of chc brochure i~ co allc' iate chc uncerrainc' and fear man) de' clopers feel" hen dealing" ich culcural re-;ources.

The Council of \ffiliaced Sociccies held rheir annual bm1nc .. -. mccting on Thur!>day e\'cning. Susan Edward-. of the '-.e,·ada \rchacological As:.ociacion i:, retiring a-. chairpcr-.on ofthc council, and ~farccl Kornfield of Wyoming'' J'> elected to .. uccced her. Susan had organi1<.:d a C :ouncil of ,\ffiliaced Societies poster .'><.:s-.ion for chc 2007 SAA

(conrinued page 181

----------------··••iiiiiiiiiiii~ SCA Newsletter 41(2)

T he 41" Annual ~lee::tinp; of the Society for California Archaeology \\'JS held at the Doubletree H otel in San Jose o n M arch 22-ZS. These meccings pro,·ed ro

be an engaging ama lgam of research, public outreach, reporrs o n field investigations and position statements on a number of copies germane to heritage preser;ation and the Native American communiry. \Ve estimacc that ar least 735 people, including scudencs, arrendcd and parricipated in the academic. professional. and festi' e suice of activit ies that were planned. By most accounts and rumo rs, these meetings ran smoothly and were boch informative and enjoyable. Primary responsibi lity for chis year's success must be given ro Jennifer Farquhar who served as Local t\rrangemencs Chair. and Mark I lylkcma who was rhc Program Chair. While many incredible volunrccrs contributed and we will rrv ro acknowledge '>Orne of them, Jennifer and:\ lark Jurifully plan ned rhe e,·cnrnnd sol\'cd a mu lricude of problems co brin,e; che \\'hole affair w fruirwn.

l -nder:;cori ng the i m po rm nee of ru bl ic ou rrcach ro rhe SC.\. chc mccrings began on Thursday afrernoon '' ith a workshop on "Public Outreach and Education·· and ended on Sunday\\ trh a ,·cry wcll-anentlctl public e\'Cnt appropriately called 'Public Archaeology Day!" Boch of chese cvencs were engim:eretl <llld coordinatcd b\ Liz Cle.:' enger of the Presidio Archaeolog) I ,ab. anc.I Da\ id ( :ohcn of che Archaeology Rcsc;irch F•1cilicy, l C Berke ley. fhe energy and enrhu:-.iasm of the Sunday afcernoon archaeolog) extravaganza was acrnall) qu!Ce amazing afrer three davs of meering;s-scorc 2 poinrs foryourh!

The major kickoff C\ enc uf che rnc;ecing was chc Plenal') St:s~ i on on Thursday c\ cnin,e; and thi-; roo was open co che rublic. :-.lark I I~ lkem:.i a'isemblcd an inreresringarray of :;peakers w :-hare chcir knowledge of archaeological aml hi">c<meal research 111 rhc vkiniC\· ol' rhc meeting -;ice in a session mlcJ. "'Right Oursidc che Door is a Timeless Gifc ro rhe Public.·· \frcr an opcnin,g mess~1ge by Stace Hiscoric Prescrv:.icion Officer.:\ Iii ford\\ ay ne Don:.ildson, chc

audience was created co engaging cal ks on che evolving landscape and geomorphology, ritu:tlized violencc. and che complex hiscorical roots of San Jose by Jack Meyer. Randy \Vibe::rg, and C harlene Duval. Parcicu la rly moving was Connie Young Yu 's personal ce~timonial of che "Chinese American Experience in San Jo e" which she prescnced a long with coauthor Rebecca Allen.

Continuing a crend in recent years, attendance and forma l icwolvemenc by Naci,·e Americans in several different sessions was ar ;111 a ll rime high.· l'hree differenr symposia dealt with issues of significance to nati\'e peoples, p:micularly C Rl\.J and heritage prese::rvation. First. on Frida~ <lfcernoon Beverly Orciz assembled a panel re::prescncing mu lei pie interests (legal, political, Native American, fcdernl agency, and academic) to address '>ome critical problems and weaknesses in chc l:Jws prorecttn.~ culrura l resources. This session emerged, in pare, due co the case of idenci fying and publicizing precise locational information on archaeological s ites u">ing modern technologies. Second, in a two-part symposium on Saturda) and Sun<la). Janet Eidsncs<, (longt ime:: Chai r of the SCA !'-.ati,·e .\merican Programs Commiuce) along with host~ Cas<;andra I lcnshcr. Gabriel Gorbet, ~lclany Johnson, Gregg Casrro, and \~llemin Lopez assembled a cadre of strong ,-oices who spokc m rhc consider:Hion of California Indian values and concerns in CRi\ f policy and practice:.. J\nd rhirc.I. on Saturday afternoon, Trish Fernandez and Donn Grenda. who constirncc the Archaeology Comm i tccc of the Stace I I isrnnc Resource~ Com mission, coo rd i na rec.I a series of position puper" by profcssion;1ls on ":1ffcccing change in California archae::ology." 'I 'he papers," hich appeared in ,'\c11 -.\lcrccr 41 (I), were geared rowards improving a wide range of common praccice'i in archaeology and integrating >:ativc American pcrsrccci,·es.

\\'c also \\'anr ro mention the continut:d p.ircic1pation nf a rc lrneologisro; from r'\.kxico 's l nsticuro Nacional de Ancropologia c I liscoria ( I N t\H) furrher escabli:-.hing the

9

tradition of cro'><>-border interaction~. The\ contributed co the Sacurday '>)'tnposium entitled "Potential Directions for Undersrnnding Baja California Prehistory" organized by Don Laylander of ASf\ I Affiliates, Inc. and Julia Bendimez Patterson of I AH . The Bureau of Land Managemenc. and parcicularly Ken Wilson, have significantly contributed to the strengthening of chis international relationsh ip over the years.

Sile nt Auc ion

One of the lighter and more enjoyable events ac rhe meeting chis year was che Silent Auction which was held at the Children·~ Discovery ~luseum of San Jose on Friday C\ ening. It wa~ amazingly successful. \\'ich over 48,000 square feet of hands on exhibits, dozen'> of rooms, two

10

Conference Planning Committee 4151 Annual Meeting

Society for California Archaeology

Program Chair MarkHylkema

Local Arrangements C hair Jennifer Farquhar

Silent Action Coordinator Stella D'Oro

Volunteer Coordinator Kelly Long

Registration Desk Coordinator Donna Gillette

Tour Coordinator Linda Hylkema

Bookroom/Exhibit Coordinator

Audio-Visual Coordinator

Banquet Coordinator

LynnCompas

Kerry EIJis

Jennifer Farquhar

theaters/stages, outdoor patio~. and a dance floor, che venue wa-; the perfect back drop co reconnect with old friend'> and C\ en make a fe" ne\\ one'>! The c;cll-ouc crO\\ d (460+ anendees) enjoyed a varier' of beer and wine selecciom a<, well as delicious fare prepared b) Oa"is's Catering of San Jose. The jazz Birds (featuring SCA member Cher Pecer-;on} delighted che crowd" ith harmonic~ and jazz rhythms from 1930s and 40s. Afterthe live music, Funky O.J. Hannah (a.k.:.i. I lanna Hicok of Alb ion Environmental. Inc.) offered up mon: modern tunes in rhe" ighc Club" sec up in chc museum's cheater.

Thanks co the highest bidder'>, the auction netted around $4,500. Ticket sales brought in nearly $14.000.00 (460 ticket\ @$30.00 each)! Thanks co all" ho helped make chis happen; rhe proceeds will help unden' rice SCA programs chroughouc rhe remainder of che year. A big thank you goes co Stella D'Oro of Albion En\'ironmencal Inc. for organizing chis vear\ Silent Auction evenc. I ler an·rni\ing energy and flair for entertaining in scyle made for a memorable evening.

Awards Ba nquet

The banqueron Sacurda) nigln ac che Doubletree f)fO\ ided an occa<;ion for rhe .200 plu'> attendees to enjoy a plea.,ant and quite palatable dinner" hile honoring rhe achic' emcnts of -;ome nornble colleagues and friend'>. I nter'>per5ed some\\ here bern cen the ... a lad and che entrec. there was a healthy serving of ~l\\ ard~. Initially. all were reminded ofche nvo award~ c.:onfcrrcd earlier in che Plcnar\ Ses~ion: the Helen C. Smith .\,·oc.:acional Society Achievement Award w~ls given co che San ca Clam Archaeological Society, and the Thomas E King A" ard for E'cellence in Cultural Rc-.mm:e \l anagement ,,-a'> gi\'en co each or tht: 1.2 In formation C.cncer\ of the California 111,corical Re~ource~ I nformauon Sy '>tem. I mmed1ace P:i-.t

2007 Awardees: (top) SCA 2006·2007 Treasurer Ted Jones. (bottom) 2007 Annual Meeting Silent Auction Coordinator Stella D'Oro

President Shelly Davis King then presented the fark Raymond Harrington Award for Conservation Archaeology co a representative member of The Eleven Auronomous Bands of die Pit River Tribe. They recently won a significant case challenging the val idity of geothermal lease extensions for Calpine without an EIS. Another Past SCA President. Ken Wilson. then announced and presented rhe Ca li forn ia Indian Herirage Preservarion Award ro Dwight Dutschke for his long-sranding service in rhe Office of Historic Preservation.

David Hursr Thomas left a field project o n the case coasr and actended the banquet so that he cou ld present the Marcin A. BaumhoffSpecial Achievement Award co his long-time friend and colleague, Hoberr L. Berringer. Thomas engaged rhe audience with stories of field days past and lauded Becringer's research acumen and his work in the White l\lounra ins. Presidcnc Frank Bayham rhen conferred the 2007 LifcrimeAchievemenr Award on his colleague and mentor at Chico Seate University, Keith L Johnson. lo additio n ro being a -W+ year member of the SCA, Johnson was one of the cofounders of the anthropology department at C hico and infl uenced the career and tie Id training of many nascent archaeologisrs over the years.

Kent Lightfoot then warmed up the crowd of 200 (who by this rime were indulging in chocolate dessert) w ith his inrroduccion for che keynote spea ker, Timothy R. Paukerac. of the Universiry of Illinois, l'rbana-Champaign. Paukerat's keynote address, "Talk about Politics and Religion! How Ancient Cahokia 'Civilized' £~1stern orrh America," was intriguing and provided an empiric<tlly grounded historical reconstrucrion of events leading t0 Cahokia's asccndance.

Annual Meeting Team

This year's P rogram Chair (J\lark H y lkema) and Local i\rrangcmencs Chair (Jennifer Farquhar) would like to acknowledge several outstanding individua ls who were insrrumcnrnl in making rhc mcccing a huge succe~s. As pre' iously menc1oned, See l la D'Oro worked cirelessly planning, organizing, and hosnng the Silent Auction. Nancy Farrell assisted with Si Jene Auction donations, and Cher Peter'>on and Hannah Hicok provided enrercainmenr for rhc t:\'enr. Once again. Lynn Compass expercly managed exhibirors and vendors in this year's spacious book room. The registration desk was in the capable hands of Donna Gillert.

2007 Annual Meeting Sponsors

Annual Meeting Underwriters Albion Environmental. Lnc. Archaeological Conservancy ASM Affiliate~ Center for Archaeological Research at Davis (CARD) Coyote & Fox Enterprises Daniel and Sannie Osborn Discovery Works. Inc. Far Western Anthropological Research Group. Inc. Ke ith Johnson Mary and Adrian Praetzcllis Maturango Museum North Coast Resource Management Past Forward. Inc. Presidio Trust RECON Environmental. Inc. Robert Hoover Scientific Resource Surveys Statistical Research. Inc. SWCA Environmental ConsulLants The Cotsen institute of Archaeology, UCLA William Self Associates. Inc.

Silent A uctio11 Donors Pacific Legacy, Inc. Past Forward. Inc. Presidio Archaeology Lab Society for California Archaeology Business Office Stephen Home SWCA Environmental ConsuhanL~

Native American Scholarship Fund Do11ors Blue Lake Rancheria Elk Valley Rancheria Qwest Telecommunications (reported last newsleuer) Susan Oilar

l Student Paper Award Donor

_ Karin Anderson

11

SCA Newsletter 4 1(2) Aliiiiiliiiiiliil••••---------------~=-=

12

2007 SCAAnnual Meeting Volunteers

Adrienne Leta Guest Kathleen Crane Amanda Rankin Kathleen Lindahl Barry Olson. Jr. Katie Glover Beatrice Cox Kelly Long Bryan Much Kerry Ellis Carolyn Harvey Laura Holland Clinton Blount Linda Pollock Corrine Schulga Lindsay Hartman Cristina Gonzalez MaryGerbic David L Cunis Megan Dunning Dawn Jungemann Melanie Beasley Ellen Albertoni Naomi Scher Gabriel Gorbet Natalie Lawson Gregg Castro NinaDelu Gregory A. Greene Pat Mikkelsen Heidi Koenig PhilomeneSmith Jason Davis Ryan Gross Jodie K. Richards Shirley Drye Jorge Aguilar Soraya Mustain Jose Alvarez Stefanie Bautista Joseph Baumann Stephanie King Josh Patterson Susan Scott Karen Smith Terri Fulton Kari S. Sprengeler Wesley Wills

2007 SCA Annual Meeting Award Presentations

Each year at the Annual Meeting the Society for California Archaeology presents of awards to individuals who have distinguished themselves documenting. researching, or preserving California's unique cultural heritage. The 2007 award recipients are listed below.

Lifetime Achievement Award Keirh L. Johnson

Martin A. Baumboff Specia l Achievement Awa rd Robert L. Betringer

Mar k Raymond Harrington Award for Conservation Archaeology

The Eleven Awono111011s Bands of 1he Pir River Tribe

Thomas F. King Award for Excellence in Culhtral Resource Management

lnformauon Centers of rhe Califomit1 Historical Resource !nve/lfory Sysrem

California Indian Heritage Preservation Award Dwighr Durschke

Helen C. Smith Avocational Society Achievement Awar d Sa111a Clara Co1111ry Arclweolugical Society

J ames A. Bennyhoff MemoriaJ Fund Award Do1111a Gilleffe

Annual Meeting Student Paper Award

Tsim D. Sc/111eid(lr, U. C. Berkeley Adrian R Wlritake1: University of Ca/ifomia. Dal'is

SCA Native Amer ican Programs Committee California Indian Schola rships

Melany Johnson Maid11 (11110/JiliaredJ

Joh11 Vale11 -;,.11ela Chai1; San Fernando Band of Mission Indians

Donna Yok11111 Vice-Chair. San Fernando Band of Mission !11dians

Jim Brown Ill Tribal Ad111inisrra1or & Membe1: Elem Indian Colony/Elem Pomo Trib(•

Harrier Rhoades Me111be1: Sherwood Valley Band of ?01110: Chair. Ca/Fire Na1i1·e American Adl'i.\'Ory Board

Student paper award winner Adrian R. Whitaker with his cerificate at the 2007 Annual Meeting banquet.

Opposite page, images from the Annual Meeting Public Day. clockwise from top left: Chris and Beth Padon at the CASSP booth; Sannie Osborn holds down the Presidio booth; Michelle Jerman helps students at the zooarchaeology activity area; a young participant tries her hand with mano and metate; Heather Blind points out the characteristics of a cow mandible; children participate in the practice dig.

She wa'> a'>'>istcd b) a host of volunteers, each working diligcnth ro process chis year\ record number of registrant~. Speaking of' olunteers, Kelh Long exhibited her exceptional organizational skill., orchc.,trating a large group of recruit<> for the event (page 1.2). The audio-visual portion of the meeting was expercly managed b) Kerr) Ellis, who did an cxcraord inary job ensuring chac a ll technological aspeccs of che meeting went offwichouc a hitch. Also during che mc;c;ting, John Ellison and aomi Scher provided support scccing up and dismantling poscc;r ses~ion displays. A sincere chank you also goe:- to Linda I ly lkcma and Rebecca Allen for

chcir cfforrs in planning chc I l iscorical \Yalking1our of San ca Clara l lni\'Cr'>iry. \\'hilc the cour was c,·encually canceled. we'd like expre\'l our appreciacion for their hard'' ork and commicmcnr co chc SC.\.

Finally, we would like co thank the staff of che Prc.,idio Archaeology Lab :ind The l 1C Berkeley Archaeological Research Facility for their cfforcs in producing the wildly '>ucccssful Public Day evcnc held on Sunday afternoon (pictured below; see also page 4-t, chis Newslem:r).

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SCA Newsletter 41(2) .-------------------------

Announcements

Long-Time SCA Member Ron May Honored Archaeology

Sa' c Our I Jeri cage Organi1.ation (SOHO) honored Ron \ la) wich a People In Prcservacion . \ ward on \ h1y 19, 2007 a) a pare of I l iscory Presen acion ~ l onch. They conferred the award in chc acional Register NT C Ch~1pc l (former Naval Training Cencer) during an evening

News and Announcements

ceremony. layor Jerf) Sander~ and che Cit) Council of San Diego furcher honored Ron wich Special Commendacions and a P roclamacion. The award commemorated Ron's 27-years service as director of archaeology, museum, and educational programs at th<.: 18th century Spanish Forc Guijarros s ite and associaced 19th cencury Am<.:rican whalingscacion, Chinese fishinp; camp, and 20th cenrnry U.S. Army Fore Rosecrans.

Jn receiving che award, Ron explained how a confluence of hiscorical forces dre" him into the project in 1980. Ac thac cime, he also donated his cimc as vice presidenc ofche Society for California Archaeology and <,erved wich Gary Breschini and Trudy 1 la\'ersrac in bacclingAsscmbly Bill 952 in Sacramenro. Ron had ju'c rccurn<.:d from an SC.\ Executive Board meeting in s~m Jo'>C \\ hcrc che Board de\cloped a phm to generate public interest in archaeology projects and u:.e our lobbyists. ' I erne & I l ou~con, to dt:ll\ er pcrcincnc news copy ro key lcgi.,laror"> in commiccce~ holding hearings on AB 95Z. That bill propo~cd crn.,ing the.: "ord'> "archaeology" or .. history .. from the California Ell\ iron mental Qualiry Acc. \\'ith chat mi~sion in mind, Ron joined force..," ith the San Diego I l iscorical Socict), E Clampu:. \ 'icu:.. Peninsular Chamber of Commerce. San Diq~o Cannonecr..,, Cabrillo His tori ca l Socict). Ca~a de E'>p:ina, and thc l T.S. Na\') co drum up public ~upporc for an archacology tc-;t of chc ruins of the 1796- 1 HJ:'i Spanish fore on Balla~t Poinc. The project blossomed, bloomed, and sno\\'hallcd for the fol lowing rwcncy-~e,·en years.

SOI 10 recogni1.ctl Hon for organi1.ing and carrying our thc Fore Guijarros Proj<.:cc at '\; ~1\'a l Basc Point Loma in his spare time, as he" orked full -cime for the.: C:ouncy of San Diego a.., their \ta ff :irchacologi'>t until retiring in 1998. Through the 199(1-,, hc ... upen·i.,ed team ... or\ oluncccr., [()complete :J compuceri/cU cacalo11: of ''Pl1'0\.imately 100.000 artifacts and '>pccimcm in 400 .1rchi' al ho\.C\. and worked'' irh the '\a,·y co find mone~ ro con' ere an undcr~round ho.,p1cal morgue into a humidity/tcmper:1rnrc-concrolled collection ~coragc area. \\·orkin,e: "eekend'> and C\ ening .... computer cacaloguing of the arcifacc... "a.., complcrcd in ZOO.'i. and Ron\ team then turned to publi ... hing a \erie'> of key papcr'> on the 1796 Spani-.h fore art·hiteccure. "h1ch Scch \lallio-.. Ph.D .. Dt:partmen t of t\nrh ropolog\. S.in I )icgo Seate l. ni\ cr">ity. publi-.hcd a'> Pan .1 of the nc\\ "ian I )1ego Scare Ckca.,ional \rchaeolog\ P:1per., '\. u mbcr One ("''".SO. \ P.cclu) in 2006.

T he Fore Gu11arros Project assumed a life ofirs own over the ycar~. a~ hundred'> of students and citizens of all wa lks of life vi~iccu and consu ltccl the collections fo r papers, scholarly research and public intercsc. Volu nteers conci nue co earalog the 16,000 phocograph ic images, and cond uc t public tours of the 1898- 1960 U.S. Army Fore Rosecrans bu ildings, in spice of che facr rhat somcone at che avy surreptitiously wirhdrew the acional Rcgbter papers in 2005.

Historical Archaeology Reports Available Th:1d ,\ /.\?Jn 8111.:n.:n

The California Dcparunenc ofTransporration is making a\·ailable ac no co-.t copie\ of ~cn:ral clam reco,·cry reporcs on major hi'>torical archacolog) projects completed in rhc pa~r decade. t\ rciclc., on all of the~c projccts ha,·e pre,·iou~I~ appe.irec.J in the !-ii IA .'-..et1 ,/ccrcrand also in most ca.,es in the journ:1I /li,wrical. \rc:h:1colog'!. Each volume/sec is bric fl~ c.Jescribed bclcl\\ Ir you \\011ld like co receive any ofche e publications. plea'>c cmail your reque:.t \\ ich your mailing address to <Thad_ Van_ [email protected]'» and indicate, where appropri:1te, if you want a CD or hard copy.

Crprcss Fn:cll':/\ Hloc:k ' li.:c:hnical Rcporrs (71'olumc sec on a sin~/c: C'/))--l)ct,1iled i nformacion on over 120 assemblage~ associated \\' ich :-.pecific houscholus in Oakland, California. t\ wide \'arieC) or groups i~ rcprcscnted. from unskilled working-cla!>S households co upper-middle-class familics, immigrants from numerou' councries, and nati\ c-born ,,·hite' and .\frican t\mcrica1h. The re~ults are presented in :l standard formac ro faciliratc com pari-;ons. Encitlecl Block , I i::chnical lkport \: 11 i\Wric:al , \rclwcu/010. 1-880 c~ [>fC.\\

/kpl:iccmc:nc P micctClOO I ). the.: authorship ,·arie'> b~ ,·olumc.

/ln 'hon.: Fn:c11 11 Comprchcmii c Rcporr {\piral hound h;I{(/ cop' .111cl ( :/ ))-~c\ en a-.,cmblage'> a~sociatecl "ith a di' cr .. e group of hm...,ehold' from ~.1n F ranci-.co. California. ' ll:chnic1l detaih arc !HC'>Cntcd in a format '>imilar ro the (\pre-.-. report. hue clw. 'olumc abo include.., 1ncerpretation">. 1-.nmlcd ,<.ifo'-80 n.1, \hon: \ 1:ic./11cc C.,cirn1ic: Rccmfir Prr>JCCC\:

Rt.:porr on ( :1111,rr11cru111 \ lo111wm1~. Geo:1rc:hac:olo;...""). ;rnc/ '/ ~-chmc1/ :111cl lnrcrJ1rc:ci1 c ,c.;wdh:., for l focoric:1I . \rch.11.:0/11~'

cJir1.:d h\ \l .1r" Pracrtclll'> (100-t).

------------------··••lliiilll•lliiiiiiila.. SCA Newsletter 41(2)

General Freeway Comprehensive Report (CD)----'] 'h rec assembla~es associaccd with emergin.e; middle class Jewish households and an Irish ho usehold headed by a woman from San Francisco, California. Technical demi ls arc pr<::s<::ntcc.l in a format s imilar to the Cypress report and interpretations arc also provided. Entirled Rcporcon '/(:chnical and Jnccrprccii ·c Swdies For l /iscoric<il Archaeologr: General Frccll'a~· l~cplaccmcnc Pro jeer by f\ I ichclle St. C lair and f\ larjorie Dobkin (2006).

Los Ange/cs Aqucducr Construction Camp (perfect bound hard copr)-Resu lts o f darn recovery ar the Alabama G ares camp occupied in 19 12-1913 by nearly 150 workers. Entirled Building the Los Angeles Aqueduct: Archaeological Dara Reco11crr <IC the Afabama Gares Construction Camp by Thad f\. 1. Van Bucr<::n, J ud ith Man·in, Sunshine Psota, and l'vlichael Sroyka ( 1999).

Wiyot Tribe Requests ''Tuluwat Barbed" Reclassification

As representat ive of the \\'i yor Tribe. I have been consulting\\ ith local archacologisrs on the designation of specific diagnostic projecti le points known as "Gunther Barbed" and "Gunther Variants." The term "Gunther" derives from white settler Roberc Guncher who purchased che land known as "Indian Island" in 1860: later archaeologica l investigation by L.L. Loud ofrhe la rge shell mound and vi llage ofTuluwat at the north end of che island yielded che distinctive projectile point series known as "Gunther."

The island was recenrly renamed Indian Is land b) the C ity of Eureka: Tuluwat (CA-H Uf\I-67) is designated as a Nationa l H isroric Landmark, and che property is now owned by chc W iyocTribe. 'JUluwat is s ignific,1 nt both for archat:ological data and as a traditional cultural property. At this rime, the WiyorTribe reques ts that the projectile poinr designarion be changed from "G unther" tO "Ti.iluwat" to uceurately identify its geographic and cultural origins.

Attached is Resolutio n::: 06-19 o f r11e \Viyoc Tribal Counc il, appron:d October 23. 2006. Please feel free co forn ard this requesc ro <1pprnpriate agencies and inscicucions. ~ly contact information is listed below.

Helene Rouvier Cultural Director/THPO Wiyot Tribe

Request for Information: Coyote Hills Regional Park

If you or .,omcom: you kno" has done ex ca ,·at ion o r analy~i., related to 1\b-13. Ahi-14. Ala-328. or Ala-329 in Coyote Hills Rq~ional Park in Fremonr, please contact park naturalise Be' crl~ Ortiz ac [email protected], (5 I 0)

795-9385. In add it ion ro documenting work at the s ites, she would like ro put rogecher a day-lon,g panel discussion or conference highlighting m:ijor findings. s ite interpretation, and reminiscences of the cxcavarions.

UCSB Offers GPR Class On August 6 - LO, 2007. LTC Santa Barbara is offering the

shore-course 'Ground Penetraring Radar -Theory and Applicacions ·. wich the emphasis on use of GP R ccchnology as a geophysical rool for arch~1eologists. The short-course is a joinr projecr bcrwcen UCSB's Department of Anrhopology and LTCSB Extended Learning Services.

The second. third and fourth days of the short course will be field days on Santa C ruz Island.

Santa Cruz Island is located in Santa Barbara County and located 20 mi les (33.9 km) from the mainland. Santa Cruz is California's largest offshore is land. Jr is approximacely 24 miles long and up to s ix miles wide (32 km by 9 km) rorn ling 96 sq uare mile:. (249 kmZ). f\fany historic buildings dor che

RESOLUTIOlf HO: 06·19

WiyotTribe

Ruotatlon oft.be WIYOT TJUBAL COUllCU.

DATll APPROVED: Oct obu 23. 2006

SUBJECT: Cb&Ds• of o.n>haeoloclcal c.lual.llcattou or -0....t.ber BuMd" to "TUlawatllubed "

Wbereu: Th• W1yot Tnbc, 15 d (cdcr-..Uy recognu.cd lndtan Tnbc: CURJblc for aU ngh•~ 1Uld pnvtl<'jtCb alf<>Tdcd to rccugnl7..ed Tribc:ft. <Uld.

Wbe.reaa: The WJVO'l Tnbal Coun ctl 1s the jtO''cnung body,,, the Wiyut T·ribc: under the nulhonl) of the Cotuctitution of th~ W1vu t Tnbc. and

Wbeuu: Thi." WWOl Tnl>al Council IS rto:tpon~obl~ ror t.hc 1mplcmC!ntaaon or all Tnbal programs, and the pro1ecwin o( all the Tnbc:"s rcsourco and the true dep1cuon nf the history or the Tnbc: and.

Wbereu: The MC-he-nJogicnl classafieaoon and typoloto• known a11 '"Gunther Ro.rbed'" ct("n\ cs from lhc d1sco\•cn• uf J L'utam typr ,,, proJttu.lc pomt on what wa.s Lhe.n known a.:o "Gunther lalll.lld'" Wlt.h l.oud'a JQ 11 cxcu,·ottona at Tu1uwat ICA HUM..07) S:•n<.c thlC' 1s.Jond 1s na longtt owned ur named tn dcff".n:n~ to Rohfon Oum her. lhc pro1ec11lr pnmf ~""°" sht1uld reflect n more cultural!\ scms1uvc lCrmtnology Therefore:. local 1Ul;htteologia1-" 1trr !!UR,gcsung n-ruu:DJ.ng "'Ounlh~r Barbnr a-c -rtJluwH.1 Barbfi!"' amd.

Wb.en:u : The rcnanun't WllJ udvunrc lhc Vls•b1lny and aCC\lracy of Nortll C-0-ds\ areh~4~0lo~. 1U1d t\.l~ rc0e<:t5 poMtlVC ~~nKUltUUOO wtlh tnbaJ tntere"IA The chnng.r wiU Rhm prnrootc the "1gn1ficancr or Tu1uwnt o n a nat1onnl rti.nd mtrrnauonaJ) acole

JfOW Tl:IE:R.ltFOU BB IT RESOLVED that the l'nbal Councd hcrcb\ offers u :-.. auppor1 and lend~ HS rui.m-... t l"' th<" r-cruwung of pr'OJcaa.fr: poml!\ kno~ u~ '"Ountht'r Bnrbc:d'" to Lhc more accurati: '"'T'uluwat Sattw-tr

BE tT 1'VR1'1D?R RESOLVED that th1~ rra.oh11,Qn !lhfill rc:mwn in c:Ottt unuJ r-c1tetnc.!rd tw a.cuon of thC' Tnbal <.:uuncal

f. R T ! F I L I\ T ·1-0-1'

Thls t" to l.c:nuv thJt Rc:soiuuon • Oft l\f '"-•t- .. µproH·d u1" rcguhu-ly Khedulcd mrx-IJJlfit of thC' TablC' Bluff RrKerv<tttun Tnbal t.:ouncd on Octolxr 23. l006, nt wh,ch •• quorum "-AS prCM"l'll and thftt ihts. Rr,....,lu 1um wu~ hdoptcd bv a \'Ot(' of lllH. ~JYO\\ L Abstcor10n"\ rhl~ Rcsc.>hHmn h••-8 uut l>t>i!!n rl!!flit':'mciNI o r Amf'nded IO ttn\I

15

SCA Hewslettel' 41(2) .Miiiiiiillll--------------------'-landscape of Santa Cruz and m irror mies of ics inhabicants. Adobe ranch houses, barns, blacksmith and saddle shops, wineries, and a chapel al l acccsc co che many uses ofSanca Cruz in che 1800s and 1900s. Christi Ranch, where the class will be camping, is a cluster of old ranch bui ld ings, chc oldesc of which was built somccime in che 1850s.

Dara acquired from che field trip co San ca Cruz Is land wi ll be processed and analyzed. T he fifth and lase clay of chc shore course w ill present image processing and display techniques using che San ca Cruz lslantl data, as well as data from ocher archaeological sites around the world. Several gucsc speaker are p lanned.

If you wou ld like more informacion, or a hard copy of che UCSB Summer GP R Shore Course brochure, p lease send an email co <[email protected]>, and one wil l be sent to you promptly. Enrollment dead li ne is J uly 2007. For more information visic chc course web sicc:

hccp:ljwww. u nex. ucsb.ed u/courses/gpr/

Chumash Wind Caves Need Assistance The Coalition co Save H usa hkiw-Ch umash Wind Caves is

working co preserve ch is ancien c sacred area located in che Los Padres acional Forcsr. T he Husahkiw-Chumash Wind Caves include several mu lei-pigmented cave pai nrings, winter and summer solscice rocks, a nd much more. This area has been under rhe bombardmenr of che Winchester Canyon Gun C lub, which we are suggcscing gee relocacecl co a nonculcura llY scnsirivc sire, and cle<tn up chc coxic wasce remaining. Our coalicion is in che process of appealing che 20 year perm it granted, after eight years and no EIR. We arc looking for a sample of a successful appeals, as wel l as a pro bono accorncy. If you can help o r refer m<:: co som<::on<:: who can, it would be greatly apprcciaccd. Tan cay.

Monique Sonoquie, 805-403-6744 [email protected]

Online Resources

New Publication on Archeological Resource Damage Assessment

/\rcheologic,1/ Resource Damage Assessmcnc: Legal H:1sisanc'1\ lerhods. by t\ larti n E. l\ lcAlliscer, is nowon linc as Tech n ica 1 Brief .;r20(hrro:Uwww.cr.nps.gov/archcology/pubs/ techbr/cchZO.hpn). The publication explains che archcological resource dam<1gc assessment process, including irs le~al basis. procedures for field damage assessment, value and cost dctermi nations, and re pore prcparacion. The brief is inrcndcd for archeologists involved in Archaeological Resource Protection Ace invcsrigarions ro help rhcm fully underscand che assessment process. how w carry it out correctly, and how rhc crcdibilicy of tlamagc assessments affcccs chc prosecution ofcases and rhe imposicion ofcrimin;il or civil penalties ..

16

New Technical Brief on Archeological Site Stewardship Programs

"Developing and lmplcmcncing Archeological Site Stewardship Programs," by Sophia Kelly. is now on li ne as Tech nical Brief#22 (htcp://www.cr.nps.gov/archeologv/pubs/ tech B r/cch22.h cm). Archeological site stewa rdship programs can be a valuable com poncn r of proceccion plans for archeological resou rces on borh public and p rivace lands. This technical brief explores chc necessary componencs of successful developmenc and implemcncacion of an archcological sice ~tewardship program.

Meetings

Inaugural Keeler Conference and Eastside Datasharing Meeting, Co-sponsored by Caltrans District 09, August 3 - 5, 2007 J\fark Basgall and Tom /\/ills. Co-Chairs

In che cradicion of the Kelso Conference on Archaeolo~· ofche Ca li fornia Dcsercs, we arc ina uguracinga new meeting that examines chc nacurc of past human acti\'icics wichin chc I nyo-f\lono region and Eastern Sierca - chc Keeler Conference. The idea is co esrnblish an informal forum for discussing new data, emerging ideas, and persistent concerns relating co environments and people in chis imporcanc pare of' California anti che western Great Basin. El1\·isioncd as an annual e \·enc, the Keeler Conference will provide an incimace concexc wichin which co argue and discuss topics of inceresc co regional researchers. land managers, and members ofche local Nacivc American communicy. Larger conferences seldom provide much opporcuni cy co publ icly debate the nuances of somecimes quite complex issues. and chis event w ill hopefu lly fill t hac void.

As wich ics Kelso counterpart, full conference parciciparion is required-meaning chat all atcendees muse presenrn paper as auchor or co-auchor. Wear<:: limiting accua l presencacions rhis firsr year co 15-minuces w ensu re there is adequace time for discussion-wh ich is chc whole poinc. Papers w il l be sequencctl buc not given specific cimc sloes as some contributions may e licit more discussion chan ochers. Opcmns for copies are nearly infi nite given che rich research possibilicies of the Inyo-Mono region. buc we ask everyone to

focus on rhc general Eascern Sierra and thi:. part of the planec. Omaha is nice. bur talk about it .somewhere e lse.

General Agenda Friday. August 3rd 2:00 PM Arrive And Set Up Camp (Tents. Trucks. etc.), Big Springs Campground

i\ lap and direccions co rhc campgrountl are arcach<;J. Thi» is a dry campground so bring whac you need. If you choose.: noc co camp. i\ lammoch Lakes has plency of hoccls/rnorcl~ and

J

~---..;,,_------lliii-liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiia.. SCA HewsleU er 41(2)

is abouc IS minuccs away from the campground. There will be a social ac che campground afcer camp is sec.

Saturday, August 4th 9:00 AM~:OO PM Data-sharing Presentations

Presentacions will be held ac the Ci\ITRANS District 09 Office in Bishop (500 South J\ lain Street, across from Jack- lnThc-Box ar south end ofwwn). Plan to travel from campground ro Bishop around 8:00 am. P resentations may include papers, slideshows, Powerpoint, posters, ecc. Audiovi-.ual equipment will be prm ided or bring your own. \\'e will return to Big Springs Campground ar-1:00 pm.

Sunday, August 5th Half-day Field Trip

\\'e \\ill plan a field excur-.ion to one or more significant :.ice~ in rhe area on Sunday morning for those who are interested (9:00 am to noon). after'' hich we ·11 break camp and hc•td for home. Please ore: Due co faci licy size, fie ld trip mrendance will be limited to -10 parricipants, so please RS\ 'P early- no later than Jul) 30rh - co Tom .Mills 760-872-2-12-1, or [email protected]. T his will ensure rhar rhc presenrnrion schedule and program can be assembled in rime for rhe August 3rd kickoff. Fir~t Come. Fir'>t Se1Ted!!!

2007 Pecos Conference to be Held at Pecos National Historical Park

\\'c in\'itc you to the 2007 Pecos Conference robe held at Pecos ational H isrorical Park. e\1 ~l exico. August 9-12. 2007. This year the conference i~ ~ponsorcd by Pecos 1'arional l liscorical Park.'' ith inrnlu:1ble assisrance from the i\ I u:,cum oflndian Ans and Culrure/Laboratory of ,\nthropology; Tntermounrain Regional Officc/Sanra Fe <' :Hional Park Ser\' ice): Peco'>-1.a'> \ ega'> Ranger District ( l ') Fore'>t St:I"\ ice): Scare I Iisroric Pre.,en·arion Di\ ision (Office ofCulrural .\ffairs->lC\\ .\ le:-..ico): and the School for \d1·anced Research.

!'here arc n1 o way::. to register for rhi:. year's conference: On-line Registrarion & Paymenr Link and traditional paper regi.,tr~trion ( doc or pdf ).

For additional information and Peco'> Conference update'>. log on ro http://"\\''·"''anct.org or http:// "" \\.'-\\ .mcr.org/2007 _peco-._conferencc/index.hrml.

Call for Papers, ]FAA The Journal of Forensic i\nrhropolog) and Archaeologv ...

refereed journal publi~hing papers of significance co chi-. growinp; discipline, seek:. original n;.,earch, case report'>, cdirori:1ls. and field ,·ignencs (3 to~ page'>) for the Fall and \\'inrer 2007 i..;<;ues.

Onh orie:mal contribution-.'' Ill bt: considered. ~o paper-. ,ho11ld be under comiderarion b' ;llH>ther publication. In .1ddmon. '>uhmi.,-.ion i., nor :t g11.1ranree of publication: final .1<:cepr.1nce of paper-. i' dcpendenr on the recommendation.,

of peer re\'iewers (in the case of research papers) and ar rhc discretion of che editorial board for non-research contributions. ~ lanuscripts not accepted by J FAA'' ill be returned co rhe auchor., "ho may chen submit them else" here for publication.

E lectronic submi:,.,ion is srrongly preferred. Send) our paper, includi ng any phoros, rabies, and oche r supporting graphics, along with a eO\'er lcrrer including the names and :iffiliations of all contributors as well as full conrncr information for rhc corrc<>ponding author, ro jfoa@)\\ eccw:1ccrscienrific.com. \\'e ''ill ackno'' ledge receipt wirhin one business da\.

Detailed guidelines for authors are available on the Journal website at'''' \1.swect\\ arer-scienrilic.com.

Digital lase r imaging technology is nor only vcr) cool, bur iris also much fa~ter and more accurate than hand dra\\'ing for :uchirecrural fcarure'> found at archaeological site:.. This face is made Ob\ iou' in \/c.~:.J \ crde: A CyArk ca~c Swcl~' the lacc-..t ,·ideo feature on our nonprofit screaming-media \\cb sice, The Archaeology Channel<film:Jl. www.archaeologych;111ncl.org). The complex \\orld I lcritagc sire of i\fcsa \'erdc i'> a good challenge for C) Ark. a Kac) ra Family Foundacion project rhar is preserving rhe world's mosr n1lued cultural heritage sires in rhrec-dimensional digital fo rm. Ancestra l Pucbloun~ at l\lcsa Verde built cliff ti\\ cllings in AD 1200-1300. A fie ld team in 2005 visitt:d one site there, Spruce Tree House, to test Cy Ark·., advanced documcncarion techniques. This video show~ how C) Ark is pre~erving the sire in digiral imager) through laser scanning and the mo-..r accurate 30 modcb p<w.ibk mda).

Producer~ of archJcolog\ television show-. often struAAlc tO balance the scientific nature of archaeological 1nfonm1cion '' irh rhe need ro attract <I popular audience . . \rchat:ologists somcrimes arc disappoinred '' ith the results. but seldom ha\e rhe chance ro CXJHess rhcm).elve<> in a \'cry public way. \\'c have decided co gi\'e voice to a couple of irreverent ardrncologi'it -l '\ ' cri ric~ in Radical J\rchaeolog) 'I (;le, i.,ion Parody. the lacest \ tdeo feature on our nonprofit 'itre<tm111.e:-111edia \\'eb site. The \rcha<.:olog) Channel (.b!m;il "W\\.archaeolog' chjl!10cl.org). Thi'> film is a pa rod\ of rhe 'Cf\ popular celc' i'ion 'cric'>. Digging for the Trurh. \\ h1l·h i, broadcast b~ the I Ji.,con LhJnnel. The ep1 .. odt: parodied.., :\ I) seer: of rhe Ana'><lll. In tlm. lighr-hearred commcntaf\. 13radlc) Garrecc and \dJm Fi-.h hie;hlighccerr:un 'upcrlidal aspt:cts of the cclc\ 1-..ion production and quc-..non m. aurhcnriciry and aurhoriraci\ ene~s. In rhe proce~~ of pokin_g fun, the) alluut: to i:.'>ue-. of concern ~mrounding the presencation of archaeological kllO\\ led.ge through Che'[\ Jc of modern da\ popular cclc\ i'>ion.

These and ocher program .. arc cl\:ailable on T \(' for' our t1'e and cnjo) mcnc. \\ e urge' ou to :,upporr rhi-. puhl1t '>el"\·iec b) pamc1paring 1n our \kmbcrship C.b!m;il \\ '' \\.archacolog' 1.:hanncl.org/mcmhcr.html) and

SCA Newsletter 41(2) ...llliiii••-------------------- --LI nderwricing (h ttp:ljwww.archaeologychannel.org/ sponsor.shcml) programs. Only wirh your help can we continue and enhance our nonprofir public-educarion and visicor-supponed programming. We also welcome new conrenr parmers as we reach out to the world communiry.

Richard M. Pettigrew, Ph.D., RPA President and Executive Director Archaeological Legacy Institute htto llwww arcbaeo/ogvchannel. org

SAA li11ison Report {cont 'd from p11ge 8}

meeting. ' inc scares participated by presenring posrers abour rheir sociecy's acrivities, programs, and evencs. Through rhe posters, I learned that many of the sociecies offer field schools, public oucreach programs, and avocational craining. The posters were very well received and a biannual Counci l of Affi liated Societies poscer session was proposed.

\Nandering rhe book room, 1 learned of che Florida Public Archaeology ecwork (www.flpublicarchaeologv.org), a relatively new enciry esrab lished in 2004 by legislation, as part of the Florida Hiscorical Resources Acc. Administered by rhc Universiry ofWcsr Florida. in conjunction wich the Florida Deparrmenr of Scace, Division of Historical Resources. rhe necwork is designed ro cond ucr public outreach. provide assista nce ro local governments, and supporr rhe Florida Division of Hiscorical Resources. The erwork is composed of eighr regional centers, :;caffed by professional archaeologists hired to promore public involvemenr, rhrough education and parriciparion, in proteccingand preserving Florida's cultural resources.

ext year's meeting will be in Vancouver, British Columbia. The 2009 meeting wi ll rake place in Aclanca, 20 I 0 wil l be in St. L ouis, and Sacra men co has been ser co host the 2011 meeting.

From the President {cont'd from p11ge 3}

generated enthusiasm for developing draft legislation; Bev is seeking individuals informed in rhe ways of writing legislation chat might assist in a working group. Th()Se who wish to assisr in a working group are invited co conracr Bev ar <[email protected]>. The conrents of the workshop, and an earlier one held in October at che California Indian Conference, will be published in rhc Proceedings.

18

Pase President Shell) Davis-King's energy and dedicarion amaze me. Shelly has volunteered rn help rhe Society gain some concrol over rhe its conse rvation easemenrs, an issue that has gained a greater sense of urgency because of recent changes in IRS reporting requirements. Shelly is also completing the latest revision of the Executive Board Manual. The Manual is che single mosr imporranc guide for running our Sociery and needs regular revision as the Sociery responds to external changes.

CAAMP (Committee for Advanced Annual Meeting Planning), chaired by· fom Origer, has been working diligently on ourycar p lans for our Annual Meeting evenrs. The 2008 Burbank Meering!; contract has been signed but the 2009 Modcsco and 2010 Riverside conrracts are stil l being negotiated. Our team for the 2008 Burbank Annual Meeting assembled ar San Jose and absorbed the wealth of advice and wisdom from chis year's team (Jennifer Farquhar and Mark Hylkema). Dustin McKenzie, SAl C, has volunreered for the Program Chair posicion. Marr Deslauriers. CSU Norrhridge, has taken on rhe challenge of Local Arrangements. I am hoping chat rhis will be the year when a comprehensive manual for advanced meering planning and for running rhc annual meetings will become a reality; l will be working with Dustin, Ma cc. Jennifer. Mark. Tom Origer. and Shelly Davis-King to get chis long-needed job done.

The Sociery is "owned" by its members. It runs ch rough the combined efforcs of its many dedicated volunreers. Volunteers give freely of chcir rime as members of che Executive Board. as members of cask forces. as liaisons co other organizarions, as editors and office admin istrators, as workers at the Annual Meeting, as commiteee chairs and members, and in many orher ways. Right now there arc vacancies in certain committee chair and liaison positions. Also. several committee chairs have indicated an inceresc in scepping; down after several years of service co the Society. So there is no shorcage of opportuni ties to step up and serve the SCA. If you are interested, check our rhe commircee, liaison, and task force organ izarion chart on the SCA Committees and Liaisons page of our website for descriprions of the vacancies. Call me di reedy if you are interested.

I have only just scarred to learn the ropes but even in this shore whi le I have seen the efforts of a number of individuals and organizacions. The Socie ty owes irs appreciation co outgoing Board members Shelly D:ivis-King, Andy York, and Ted Jones, whose efforcs have helped co grow the organization and its programs, co continue placing us on a sound financial foot ing. and co internationalize the SCA's scope. Mark Allen, Jennifer Perry, and Leigh Jordan arc stepping in as new Board members. At rhe top of my appreciation list is Greg White who, among ocher things, runs the Business Office, edits the I ewslecccr, is the insriwcional memory and trainer for novice Board members. and helps make the Annual Meetings a success. There also have been changes in committee cha ir and liai-;on assignments. Alrhough this is not a complete lisr, Don Layla nder has raken over as webmastcr, Sharon Waechter now manages all phases of the Proceedings. Amy Huberland is rhc In formation Center Liaison, and Cassandra He nsher has stepped in as co-chair of the Native American Programs Committee. The Society benefits from institutional support from many organizations and, although I am noc aware of chem all yet. Origer and Associaces, the Bureau of Land Management, Discovcn Works. Albion Environmental, and Far \Vcstcrn have :ill come to my attenrion.

-;.;.. __________________ llliiiiiiiiiiiiiili.,,. SCA Newsletter 41(2)

It bears repeating that Archaeology Month has moved co October to better tit with the scholastic year and co better meer rhe needs of teachers. This change has meant that two posters are in production at the same rime. The poster for this year will be made available free of charge at rhe dara sharing meerings and from rhe Business Office for rhc price of posrage. The poster for next year will be unveiled at the Annual Meeting in Burbank and is under rhe watchful edicorial eye of if ark Allen.

The Dara Sharing meetings have been scheduled. The Northern Ca lifornia meeting will be held on Saturday

lovembcr 3 but the venue has nor been determined as of chis writing. The Southern California meeting will convene Saturday and Sunday Occober 20-21 in Borrego Springs and rhe Executive Board will meet on Friday the I 9'h. Southern California VP Jennifer Perry is completing local arrangements and is developing some plans for field trips on Sunday. Contact Jennifer Perry and Northern VP Mike

ewland to get your paper on the agenda or if you have questions. We are hoping for a good rumour-see you there!

The 8'h Binacional Symposium is scheduled for ovember. In a ll likelihood the Symposium will convene in

Tecate. Mexico. As before, the Symposium will offer an opporwnity to consider cross-border research and cul rura l issues in the areas of archaeology, hiscory, and ethnography. SCA continues co be a co-sponsor of chis Symposium with BLM and l nsticuco Nacional de Antropologia e H iscoria (1 AH).

The California Archaeological Site Steward Program (CASSP) is duiving. The Society, through the efforts of Ken \Vi Ison and associates at the BLM and rhc US Forest Service, has managed tO secure an OH\' grant for the 07-08 period. Basic training for new sire stewards this fall is planned for E l Cenrro (BLJ\I), Ocorillo \Veils (California Seate Parks). the Angeles National Forest (US Forest Service) and ar an as yet unc.ferermined venue in J\1exico (I 1AI1). Several advanced training sessions are in rhe discussion stages. The fa ll .\/ewslecccrwill highlight CASSP. in its eighth year and now a mature SCA program. Frank Bayham, Cassandra Hensher, and T visited the recenr certified archaeological surveyor training course offered at the Redding R:incheria by rhe California Indian Forest and Fire J\Janagemcnr Counci l (ClFFJ\IC), rhe BL\J, and others. It is trul y gratifying rn sec so many ourside rhe ranks of professional archaeology with an inreresr in preserving cu ltural heritage.

Our Bmird's central rnsk this year anti next will be re,·ising the Srrarc,gic Plan. One cannot fail co notice that SCA has change<l and co nor rccogni1,c rhesc changes is w deny reality. There arc now over I ,JOO membl:rs, more than double rhc membership of just a fc,, years ago. This rapid growth ~trains our traditional al I-volunteer opernrion. The opernrion~ of the Business Office are made more complex and the work ofrhe Commim.:es, Liaisons. and Task Forces arc made all rhc more challenging. \nd SC\ is no longer ju~r about archaeolo.io· wichin the Smee of California- it 1~ .1bo11t rhc sweep of hiscoric preservation a-. ir 1s no\\' pracric1;:<l in California. it i~ about comniuniric'> of intcrc'>r bc' ond archaeologiMs. and iris

no longer geographicall y limited to Alta California. So one focus of our examination of rhc Strategic Plan is ro think abom rhc SCA's .Mission Srarement-and perhaps co craft a rc,·ised version fo r consideration by rhe membership. Bue we will also be re-th inking Board roles, rhe mix of Committees and Liaisons. SCA Programs, and the scope. operation, fund ing, <tnd sraffing of the Business Office.

le is an honor co serve as your President. l intend robe diligent in meeting the duties and obligations of rhc position. I will eominue co develop our parmerships ""ith our key institutional supporters including the California State Parks, rhe PS, BLi\J and rhe Forest Service. CASSP can expect my vigorous support during the next year and so can Frank Bayham as he tends to the issue of professional standards. I will be working c losely with rhis year's Executive Board on the Srraregic Plan. J\ lay chis be an interesting year.

-Scephen Horne

Opinion 1md Comment

Message from the 2007 Annual Meeting Program Chair

( 've been told chat i r is customary for rhe ou rgoi ng SCA Annual Meeting Program Chair to write a brief synopsis of the meeting and high light the experience. Well-for my pare-I found it co have been excruciatingly difficult co manage rhe volume of papers, post<::rs and panelists while scheduling presentations so as co avoid double, triple and even quadruple bookings for che more prolific in our organization. You'd think rhat with a lasr name like mine I wou ld be very cautious about correctly spelling complex names. and indeed worked co gee 'em all straight. but missed a few. Also. despite besr inrenrions, in cases where multiple authors •i<lded up like credits at the end of a full-length movie, I invariably missed a ft:w citations. Forgi\'e me; I had pretty much losr my mind by then ... On the ocher hand, I found myself in a position to

network wirh so many wonderful people and have come to

rruly appreciate the vast resource char our collective membership represents. Thank) ou all so very much for your support and eonracrs.

The position of Program Chair allow~ for an opportunity to infuse a lot ofcreati,·e input into our organization. I was very lrnppy to sec thl' emphasis on publi<: archaeology. . acive J\mem:an values. rnmping-up archaeological ethics, and sessions orienn:d cowards guiding graduate stuuent5 in our field~. Take a minute ro re\ icw rhc 2007 annual meeting program and rellect on rhe spectrum of presenrarions char were offered in San Jose.

Some 0/ativc American mernbcr~/gut:srs were upser over the selection of rhc Andrew 11 ill 18-1-6 pa1nring of ,\li<>sion Santa Clara as chc program cm·er art. They felt rhac. gi\'en the turmoil and dcvasracion '' roughr by rhc mission S)SU:rn. that the paintin~ ~ymboli1.cd the ad' enc of great oppression w rht:ir rcspecti\ e cu lcure:o.. \I y ~ipo logics for an) <liscornforc-1

19

SCA N ewsletter 41(2) Aiiiiiiiiiil•------------------

failed co see chat coming. Ironicall y, while working for Calrrans on che real ig nment of rhe El Camino Real my own archaeological investigations at the third location of that mission resulted in deferringconsrrucrion impacts to its remnants and rhe neoph yte cemetery con rain ing an historic escimare of 6,000 acive American graves. Consequen tly, char p lace is cu rrenrly preserved instead of having been desrroyed, a nd if anyone knows rhe legacy of che mission and its relarionship co che local native people, I do. Nonetheless. rl1is episode of California's culrural legacy has differenc meanings ro differenc people, and is acrua lly an imporrant component of whac we do as archaeologiscs ( preservarion and recordacion). As memorials, p laces like fission Sama C lara or if you will, places like Manzana r or even Auschwicz, have a purpose and co remove or censor images from those places does a great disservice co chose people affected by chem.

Well, chat's al l for now. Remember co he kind co my successor, Dustin McKenzie who will chair next year's meeting.

Mark Hylkema 2007 Annual Meeting Program Chair

SB 18 Not Just for Federally-Recognized Tribes

As often happens when a bill is promu lgated, some folks go our and cry co "educace" groups on what che bill means. Ic has come to my attention thac ac lease one SCA member is making presentations co professional and agency entities regard ing SB 18, the sacred places and plann ing bill.

The facr chat such presenracions arc occurring is nor a problem in irself; however, chc problem is rhar incorrect information on imporrant aspects of rhe b ill appears robe being disseminated which doesn't help anyone.

SB 18, by irs plain terms, deals nocjustwich federa lly recognized Californ ia tribes, bur also wirh non federally recognized California tribes as long as those entities o r persons arc included in chc Native American He ricage Commission's contact lisr.

Ha,·ing represented a bill sponsor, and having been intimately invoh·ed in the negotiations on rhe bill, 1 can tell you char rhis was a key aspect of the bill. In pare, given che sad hisrory ofrribes and creaties in Californ ia. recounted in the recent Ca li fornia Resea rch Bureau Publication "Early California Laws and Policies Re lated ro California Indians," ir W<lS nor the inrcncion ro di sen franchi se any qualifying entity.

'l'he Governor's Office of Planning & Rcsearl·h has been cond uccing no-cosc ed ucacional SB 18 trainings rh roughouc the State since 2005. These sessions present accurate and helpful information, and l would encourn,gc people to <mend a -;ession near you or to con race OPR and •lsk rhac •l session be ~chcduled in your area.

20

SB 18 is an imporrant piece of lcgislacion. le is cricical for it co be implemented accuracely.

Sincerely yours,

Courtney Ann Coyle, Attorney at Law SCA member, La Jolla, CA

"Blazing Blue Badges" (to misquote Captain Marlinspike from Tin Tin) , Cabrillo Students at the SCA Annual Conference, March 22-25, 2007

The -W'" Annual Meeting of the Society for California Archaeology in was the largest I have ever seen in my -W years of anendance, wirh well over 250 presencers and almosc 800 people attending over the three days. The SCA membersh ip has now grown to over 1,300 wich student membersh ips making up 27 percent of the total.

Students from t he Cabri llo College Archaeological Technology Program (CCKl'P) have been attending the Annual Meering for over 15 years wirh chcir clipboards and notebooks in full display. The srudencs have puc in many volunreer hours a~ a way of parcicipating in the conference. f\.lany of the SCA members have been very kind co them in their need co meet and inrerview ac lease five archaeologiscs during the conference and seek our advice from chose more sen io r to t hem.

Cabri llo College was well represented in 2007 by rwenryfive currcnc Archaeological Technology Program srudencs and clucc facu lty members. Charr Simpson Sm ich, Sara Ginn and myself. Al l of the Cabrillo A.T. P. students are current SCA members. 'Ten of che srudencs were ass is red wirh their coses by the Cabrillo College Student Senate. ine ofCharr's students prcscnced posters about cheir Fal l 2006 Special Stud ies research in a poster sessio n organized by Charr which was wel l ;mended and resulted in cxecl lcnr feedback for the students.

All che srudenrs accended presentations. che Business meeting, rhc reception, the lccrure afrer the banquet, took carefu l notes, anti were expected to rum in their wricrcn work pose-conference. Swdents were able co choose amongst rhc many sessions based on their inrercscs. 1-lowever, Sunday morning's first session, which dcalc with obtaining jobs. was required as was a second session on how to move on inro furchcr educational choices or gee inrn graduarc school.

One of chc req u i rcnH.:nts for our students was w prepare resumes prinrro che conference, and (as mentioned abo\·e) co introduce chemselvcs co five or more archaeologists w talk about opporcu n icies in archaeology.· l'h is year, we cried somech ing new to assist current studcnrs in their cask of inrerviewing. Nor only were b lue badges (Cabrillo College ATP), made for them buc there were abo blue b3dgcs made for past students. ( C11brillo College ATP, Alumni). ,1\.,., \\ c <::xpccccd, ha\ ing the blue b.1dgcs proved useful co our

- --------------••liiiiiiiiiiiiiil .. SCA Newsleffff 41(2)

current -.mdencs; but surprising!). chc blue badges became -.oughc afccr '>emus indicator:. b) former scudenrs. \\'e handed ouc ahouc SS co pasc scudcnc;., "ho rcli..,hed che idea of

-t. Gave chem che opporcuniry co learn how to critique paper and poscer presenrncions:

i<.kncif) ing chemseh·es as Cabrillo College ATP Alumni. \\'ich ZS currenr and 55 Alumni. blue badge wearers ended up comprising almost ten perccnc of a// chc conference participants.

S. Helped them co network'' ich archacologisc<, and especially co necwork wich pasc Cabrillo Alumni" ho arc working in che field or going on in academia [or both], and;

The swdencs mec wich us ch<.: end of the conference for a feed hack session which was vcr) positi\ c. i\11 the srndenrs felt rhe conference was useful to chem in a number of way'>:

6. Provided a sense of how highly che Cabrillo Program is cvaluaced "ichin California Archaeology anti whac chac can mean ro cheir furn re ernploymcnr or cducacion.

I. (;a,c cht:m t:xperit:nce "Hh a profcv .. ional meecing. meeting -.essions. po:.cer ~es-.iom. ccc.:

.\II of che-.e po-.ich c-. far ouc \\ eighed rhc cime, enc.;ri.," and cosr co rhe faculcy ofbrin~ing !>tlldencs co chi'> conference. and we ccrcainl) plan co acrcnd "ich our srudcnt'> aS?;ain nC\.t )C<lr. ,

\llo" ed them co hear abouc che '' idc range of way~ of <.loing archat:ology including chc.; concerns ofNaci,·e Californians;

Rob Edwards, Chair, Gabri/lo College Archaeolog1cal Technology Program

3. Allowed (accuallr forced) chem co mccr and gee an impression of "real" archacologiscs;

o+ INTih.(;ST

2007 Pecos Conference Website http://www.swanet.org/2007 _ pecos_conference/ index.html

SAA Archaeology Month Poster Contest Winners http ://saa.org/pu b I ic/resou rces/ Arch Mon th f orp u bl i c. h 1111 l

Domain of the Caveman; Oregon Caves National Monument http ://www.cr.nps.gov/history/onlinc_books/orca/h rs/index.htm

Route 66 Corridor National Historic Context Study http://\nrn.cr.nps.gov/rt66/HislSig/ComplctcContext.pdf

Environment of Mesa Verde, Colorado, Wetherill Mesa Studies http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/archeology/7b/i ndex.htm

Secret of the Big Trees: Yosemite, Sequoia and General Grant National Parks http://\\ ww. c r. n ps.gov/h is to ry/ on Ii ne_books/h un ti ngton/i ndex. htm

NPS Archeological Peer Review for Public Archeology Projects and Programs http://\\ ,,,,_cr.nps .go\/archeolog~/pubs/tcchBr/tch 21.htm

Stockton: Discovering the City Beneath Your Feet h ttp://W\\" .stocktongo,. com/Disco\'erSt ockton/

Crystal Cave in Sequoia National Park (1946) http:/ /www.er.nps.gov/h is tor~/ on Ii ne_ boo ks/~e ki/c rystal_ cave\indc:-... h tm

Spider Bites: The Most Common Culprit hu p ://dermatology. cdl 1 b .o rg/00 J' ol ~ n urn .Uccn1crfold/ph idi ppus. ht m I

21

SCA Newsletter 41(2) ..-------------------------~

New Publications Denise]affke

This series offers an annotated bibliography of recently published and some unpublished literature pertinenc tO

currenr debates and methods in Californian archaeology. If you have any news or ideas abouc how this section can berter fie the needs of its audience feel free to e-mail the author: [email protected]. Please limit contributions ro chose that can be easily accessed by all members of the SCA and have appeared within the last five years.

Arnold. Jeanne E. 2007 Credit Where Credit is Due: The Hiscory of the

Chumash Oceangoing Plank Canoe. American Antiquity 72(2): 196-209.

The Chumash plank canoe (comol) of southern Ca li fornia has been a sou rce of much discussion in recenc years. Questions regarding the technologica l origins and dace of regular manufacture and use have been the principle clements of debate. In this article, Arnold presents 1) archaeological C\'idence of canoe making and maincenance; 2) the current temporal estimate for the origin of the Chumash plank canoe; 3) the development of the watercraft as a "Complex · Jechnological System;" and 4) impacts of the romol on Chumash sociopolitical evolut ion.

Although several sets of cools and materials were used in the construction of the comol watercraft, redwood (non-local material) and aspha ltum, (insoluble bonding agcnc used as caulk) arc provided as principal archaeological signarures. The dace of origin for the Chumash plank canoe, based on the initial regular appearance of large, aggressive fish species

including swordfish, striped marlin, albacore. yellowfin rnna. blucfin runa, b lue ~hark and shortfin mako in the archaeologica l record. is estimated tO A.O. 500-600. The energetic cost of comol construction (500 person-days of highly skilled labor) poincs to the sociopol itica\ complexity of the Chumash in chat only highly ranked e lites cou ld afford tO own and manage such a significant and costly piece of equipment.

Lightfoot, Kent G. 2005 Indians. Missionaries, and Merchancs: The Lc~acrof

Colonial Encouncers on the California Frontiers. University o f California Press, Berkeley.

ln his award winning book, Lightfoot conducts a cross-culcural comparison of central and southern Ca li fornia coast hunter and gatherer communities during the early 19'h century co assess the different responses ro missionary and mercantile colonial systems. The Franciscan missions and Colony Ross represent two very differcm systems in which some coastal indigenous peoplt: were directly incegrated into the colonial infrastructure for economic gain. Research and analysis of ethnohisrory, ethnography, native texts, and archaeologica l findings provide che background co undersrand complex relationships and native responses ro colonia l regimes.

Seven dimensions of colonial encounters are examined in this comparison and include enculruration programs, native relocation programs, social mobilicy. labor practices, interechnic unions, demographic parameters and chronology of colonial encounters. These facrors produced d ivergent outcomes for India n survivors in rhe Hispanic and Russian frontiers.

Lightfoot's goal of the comparative analys is was nor only co consider the social and economic relationships between native peoples and colonists but, more importantly, co crack the consequences of European colonization following the transfer of missions and closure of Colony Ross. These circumstances. along with late 19'" and early 20'" cenrury ethnographic research, conrribuced co the development of anthropological constructs of "authenticity" which. in turn, innuenced how federal Indian agents would later classify descendant Indian communities. In the early 1900s, some prominent anthropologists contended that the majoriry of coastal California native groups had become largely extincc. Today, many of these groups remain "unacknowledged'' by the federa l government and lack access to federal programs, funding, and land allocacion.

Society for California Archaeology Annual Meetings, 2008-2010

April 17- 20, 2008: Hilton Burbank Airport and Convention Center, Burbank.

March 12- 15, 2009: Modesto (tentative).

March 17-20, 2010: Riverside {tentative).

Watch www.SCAHome.org for details.

.=....;= '----';...;-.. ____________________ ..._ SCA N ewsletteT 41(2)

Documenting Colonial California

• Methodologies for Documenting Colo11ia/ California: Case Studies from El Presidio de San Francisco.

• The Tamal-Hf1ye Archaeological Project: Cross-Cultural E11cou11ters i11 Sixtee11th-Ce11tury Northern California.

• Assessing a11d Protecting Resources Along the J uan Bautista de A11za National Historic Trail.

• Mission San Juan Bautista: Zooarcltaeological Jnvestiga1io11s at a California Mission.

• New Sources for Early J9'h Century California History: The Russian Naval Archives in St. Petersburg.

• Making Pathways Through Traditions: An Update on the Kashaya Pomo Jnterpretive Trail Project.

• Archaeology Public Day @the 2007 Annual Meeting.

Above (see article. Page 42): Volunteers Darren Modzelewski, Emily Darko, and Susan Penacho (from /eh to right} assist with surface collect1on along the North Wall of the Fon Ross stockade during the summer of 2006. Photographer. Frank Zeccola.

SCA Newsletter 41( 2) ..-iiiiiiiiiiiliillii••---------------- -

Methods for Documenting Colonial California: Case Studies from El Presidio de San Francisco Li/ S. Clet·engcr /iric Rrandan Blind 8annic Kcncon Osborn l'rc:rnlio Archaeology Lab Pn.:.'>idio 'Ii-use email: :1rchaeology@prc<>idiocn1:.t. go1 phone: (-115) 561-5055

E I Presidio de San Franci~co is the corner, cone archaeological sitc in the larges t urban n,1cional park in che count'). the Golden G:1e<.: :\'acional Recreation

\rea. Originally El Pre~ic.lio wa:. a remote milit<H\ 'crclement. the ~ire of rhe norrhcrnmosr Spanish ourposr in Alea Ca lifornia. The colonises who ro1111ded E l Presidio walkeu O\ crland from Sonora, l\1cxico on <1 mission to expand rhe Sp.ini'>h empire. El Presidio became the admini-.trati\c cenrer of a large colon ia I district -.tretehing from the northern n:aches of rh<.: San Francisco Ba~. ca,cward inro rhe Central \'allc) of California and sourh a long che Pacific coast co l\ loncerey Bay. It was responsible for tht: defense of six mi-. ... ions, rn·o civil communitie~. military and mi ... -.ion ranches. :igriculcural ourposrs. and land-granc ranchm.

The original g<irrison of El Pre~idio mca~ured 92 'ara'i (approximately 250 feer) on each side. le contained rhe quarccrs and officcs of the fore commander, a chapel, "arehou5es. a guardhouse. and jail. By 1792 che original con-.cruccion hac.1 been replaced. The nc\\ comcruccion included chree defen-.i' e walls, a rebuilt chapel. warehouse and commandant\ quarter<;, an<.:\\ guard-houl>e,jail, and a

second warehou~e. ,\fter years of rehabilicacion and calk of relocation, there was another major reconsrruction efforr around 1815. • rhis rebuilding ""as undertaken in response co major earthquakes, the R11:.:.ian presence 60 miles norch ac Fore Ro-.-,, and chc burgeoning populauon \desire for bectcr li\'ing condinon~.

During chc lexican era the P residio garrison wa~ moved north, and although a small dccachmcnr of arrillerymcn \\ere left co man rhe pose, the P residio was effecci\'ely abandoned and parriall~ ruined" hen chc C.S. Arm) arri,·ed in 1846. For a rime, the: Army reused chc adobe Mruccurcs of El Prc-.id10, until major expansion:, of the pose occurred during the Ci\'il \ Var, Ind ian \Var:;, and Spanish American \\'ar. The r<.:mnanr~ of rhc original Spani'th forrificarion "ere graduall) renw,·ed or cm <.:red o,·cr and forgorcen as rhe l .S. i\rmy expanued che Presidio. The only excepcion 1s the Pre"dio Officer.,· Club. che lase remaining adobe building from the Spanish era. The Officers· Club still stands coday, bur che original adobc is covered b) layers of U.S. Army modi ticncions boch in., idc and out.

Archaeological work on chc site of El Presidio bcgan in earnest 1n 1993 a<, the l .S .. \rm) \\as preparing to permancncly leave rhc pose. Workers m:1dc rhe startling d isco\•cry of a sec of substantia l stone fou ndarions, u nc<I rthe<l near the Ci' ii \\'ar-era Fun-,con Avenue Officers' Quarrer'>. 1b archaeologi.,cs began co follow che excenc of chese foundation,, the' re\ealcd an expan-.in: fortified ~rruccure measuring approximaccl) 500 feec on edge. The foundation ofche El P residio de San Francisco had bcen re-di.,cm·ercd.

1 n the decade-. folio\\ ing chi!> disco' cr), a number of archaeolog1cal project'> ha' e focused on the main quadran~le of El Prc,tdio as \\el l a\ ocher satellitt: '>ectlemcncs '>U<.h •t'> the .\lexican-era serrlcmenr ac El Polfn Springs. Re<;earch JC El

Figure 1: Presidio Archaeology Lab volunteers excavate El Presidio de San Francisco. Presidio itself has covered rlirec era\ of occupation (Spanish. \ lcxican. and l fnired ~cate'>l .• 1lrhough mo-.t projects han: foeu-,ed on the Spanish colonial era.

The mcrhods U'>cd in these project'> <,pan from rradicional archaeological cxca,·acion w mort: a\'anc-garde cechniques c;uch a-. laser '>C<inni ng. \\'e arc primaril) focu~ed on documcncmg and re-.earching the archaeolog) •lnd histol') of El Prc'>idio: however. wirh rhe long and mulciinsticucional hiscor~ of archaeological exploration of chc -.ice," c arc ofrt:n '>1mulraneow.h documcncing our <ILtion-, and che hi.,ror. of research on rhe 'ire. The scccion., bclo\\ ourlinc 111:1n) of the merhoth that lw\'c bcen employed a\ \\C doc:umenc El J>rc.,id io.

Excavation

hir 1110-.r ofrhe fifteen ye:ir., -.ince the ~icc of El l'res1uio " ·a-. rcdt'ic:overcd. e\ca' :ttion h,1, been rhe main mechod of

-------------------········· SCA News.letter 4 1(2)

recording the archaeological sire. Numerous excavation projects have been u ndenaken by the Presidio Trust (Figure 1), 1 acional Park Service, U.S. Army, and private and academic parrners, including Barbara Voss (Stanford University) and Rob Edwards and Charr Simpson-Smith (Cabrillo College)- bur on ly two percent of the overa ll site has been excavated to date. The Presidio's chapel, Officers' Club adobe, and apartments and middens in the eastern wing have been most extensively documenred. Artifacts and fcarures recovered through excavation arc plcnriful, numbering in the hundreds of thousands. These assemblages and our exc<wation notes provide the primary means of documenting the sire, as well as providing objects for further study and analysis. Additionally, as pare of excavations, we have had several conservation assessmenrs of various areas of the El Presidio. These assessments have been reported on previously in the SCA and SHA newsletter:..

Archival Research

Doeumenrs daring from the Spanish, J\lexican and United Stares· occupations of the Presidio have been found in locations as varied as the Archii·o General de fa f\ iaci6n in J\lexico City, and the Golden Gate National Recreation Area's Park Archives. Particular a[(ention has been paid to the translation of Spanish records, with efforts focused on rhe mcmorias r faccuras, or requisirions and invoices, from 1:-:1 Presidio de San Francisco. These lisrs of suppl ies requt:sted and recei,·ecJ from San Blas, t\Jexico provide an inrercsring counterpart co artifact assemblages recO\·ered archaeologically, filling our some of rhe missing picrurc while simulcaneousl) forcing us ro quesrion our assumptions about "frontier life" at the Presidio. Additional documents from rhc colonial era rt:cord information abour the physical and built environmenr at the Presidio. the military campaigns and ta!>ks of the Presidia! soldiers, and rhe quality of life at the garrison. Leo Barker (National Park Scf\ ice) and Veronica Dado (1 arional Hiscorical lnsriture ohhe Philippines), ha\'e been insrrumenca l in archi,·al research carried our ro dare. The Presidio Archaeology Lab sraff looks forward to collaborarion wirh Glenn Farris and the Fon Ross Inrcrprerivc Association (see arricle rhis issue) in the translation of Russian Naval Archives that will further our 1111dersranding of El Presidio from rhe perspecti,·c of our colonial neighbors.

Alcksandra \'adinska (US/ICO~JOS inrern from Bulgaria ) also did extensive research on adobe construction method~ and b11ildings in \I ra California. l lcr study culminated in a rendering of El Presidio':, 1792 construction <Figure 2).

Zooarchaeology

A host of speciali~c analy!>cs has been used to explore; rhc research potemi:il of arti facr assi.;mbla.e;c'> and orhcr -;ample~ rcco' crcd during excn\'ation . Because a 'iignificanr pore ion o f chc arrifaccs from El Presidio arc fauna I. zooarcl1acological analysis i'> one ofche most important ofthe:-.c :.cicncific discipline~ . ( :her\ I Smich-1.inmcr ( l '( · Berk.elev ) and ' I 'homas \\ akc (( :m-;cn lmtirutc. l 'CL,\ ) ha' e l;oth conducted e'>rcn;;i' c 700<trchacological re\earch on El Prc~idio collccnon '> .. \dd icion.tl .111a h .., i.., of fau n.il remain-; from a

large midden deposit outside ofche north quadrangle wal l is currenrl y being conducred by Sarah Kansa (Alexandria Archive l nscirure).

The most concenrraced fauna! assemblages have come from middens, although smaller samples of materials have been recovered from room floors, hearths, and arcifacr scatters across the sire. Analyses of the recovered assemblages have provided a rich body of data for understanding dicrnry practices. Cattle provided the majority of meat eaten (Figure 3 ). Bones of domesticarcd fow l. cspeciallv chicken. are plentiful. Midden de posies formed during the first dt:cades of the settlement's lfr;rory also have significant remains of wild species. Ocer and rabbit remains arc the mosr common but coyott:, wolf, gray fox. grizzly bear. and bobcar have also been idenrified. \\'ild birds include quail, ducks. geese. :ind murre. Fish remains consist enti rel y of near-shore species such as surfperch. pileperch. herring, and lingcod. Sea mammals have on ly been found in very sma ll numbers and inc lude whale. sea otter, and seal. Despite the abundance of local shell fish and the conrriburion ic made cc11'\acive diets, shell has nor bet:n found in significant quantiries at the '>ite.

Archaeobotany

\ 'i rginia Popper (Com:n lnsrittttc, liCLA) has analvzed flotacion samples from hearths., middens, and living sp;1ccs thac ha\'e yielded information about the management and use of plants. including cu lci,•ation and Ji et (Figure 4 ). Combined wirh 1.ooarchaeological darn, we arc able to piece cogethcr <l

picrure of food resources an1ilable co colonist:. li\'ing at chc Presidio that includes locally a\'ailable domesticated and wild '>pecics, as well as documenta ry e\'idt:ncc of foodstuff'> shipped to che Presidio from San Bhls and the larger Spanish empire. Archaeobotanica l ana lysis works at multiple scalt:s, from intimate practices of human health and hygiene rn broader changes in the ecosystem. Broad patterns of change in the botanical landscape have been :.tudied bv Liam Reid' (l TC Berkeley) who arn1lyzcd sediment cores ta.ken from on~ ofrhc lase remaining lakes in San Francisco, 1\lounrain Lake in the Presidio. The pollen record caprurcd in the lake sedimenrs pro"ided a 2,000-year chronology and clemonscrated pronounced changes w the plant palette occurring during the colonial period as timber was felled and grazing herds dramatically altered rhc cco!>y~tem.

Micromorpho logy

t\licromorpholog) has been employed in '>e,·eral cxcavarions. where it has been u~cd to scud; the :.ource. composition, and formation of archaeological matcri;.1!...., .,uch a~ adobe. and fcaturc:-. ~uch as clay floors. le has been particuhirl) u~cful in area~ of El Presidio \\'here the archaeological record i~ undear at the macroscopic lcn:I. or \\'here it conflicts wirh the documenrnrv record. For e'\amplc. che hisroric record o;;cemed co indicate char the Pn::.id10 Officers' Cl 11 b had gone ch rough mu lei pie pi.; rind~ of c.:011!-.truccion , de mo lition. and rcpair during rhc ~pan1 :.h e ra. \ct rhi" was not :-.uppon cd Ii \ macroarcifaccs a nd fearun.:" found during cxca' ~mon I 'or inst<lllce. the ~trata beneath rhc C"\tantcla\ tloor o f thc.: O fticu-; Cl uh\\:l' .. ,cemingh de' 11J

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of arcifaccs. i\s a result, Pau l Goldberg (Boscon U nivcrsicy) rcco,·cred block ~ample, from che floor and '>ubstrata and created chin ~ecrion<; our of che resin-impregnaced b lock. J\ l icro:.copic :in:ily'>i'> of chi'> floor '>ection :.upporced our visual assessment that there "ere no artifact!> beneath chc floor confounding rhe hisroric incerprerarion char this was the sire of SC\ era! rccon-.rrucrion ....

E rica Simmon-. (Sr.rnford l 1ni' er'>ity) conducrcd a comparative srud)' of adobe frorn the Officer:.' Club and a lacer \lcxican-era :.ice ar rhe J> rc:.idio rhac had been burned in a ti re. r lcr work used macro-.copic gcoarchaeological tech n ique-. in combination " irh micromorphology (Figure 5) to demonstrate significant differcnccs in rhc composition and texture of adobe of the t'' o site'>.

Dendrochronology

De nd rochronolog) has been used ro he lp refi ne ou r u nde rscand i ng o f the chronology o f construccion ac E l Presidio. Adobe b uil d ings arc d i fti cul t w dare directly. b ur o ne of cht: cen tral q uesrions in our research ac che adobe Officers' C lu b i'> the vintage of the b ui lding. Since the results of excavation " ere inconclusive as co whether che extant building is the original 1776 adobe, or a lacer 1792 or 18 15 reconsrrut·cion, "c hoped w u:.e dendrochrono logy as anocher mc:in<> of appro:iching chi'> quc'>tion. S:implc~ "ere ca ken from a number of" ood beam'> in che adobe, from both Spanish-and l 1.S . . \ rm) -era component'> of the archiceccure. ~I ick \\'orthingcon <Oxford Dendrochronolog) Labornrory) anal) Led cl1e\e '>arnples, measuring them :ind comparing chem co each other anti to kno'' n trec-nng chronologies . . -\ beam :iccached co a pre-exi'>ting rafter and used to repair the roof wa\ dared co the" inter of 1847. indicating that the extant roof pre-dace'> l .S. Arn1) occupation of the Pre:.idio. The remainder of the -;ample'> taken. including one from an original 1' ig:1 (or cro-.s-beam) embedded in the adobe (Figure 6) d id not date. lore work i' needed co develop the c hro nology in che lhy Arca. 'l'hcsc samples will hopefu lly bolster the sequence of the cen tral coast, inert:asing nor only our un dersta nding o f El Presid io bur poce nciall y ocher colonial Cali forn i:i s ice:- :is we ll.

Neutron Activation Analysis of Earthenwares

Earthen arcifacc-; from borh \I ission San Francisco de Asfs (Oolorc'>) ;:ind E l P rc.,idio dt: San Francio;co (Figure 7) \\'Cre :.ubjecced rn in,rrumenca l neutron ;1ctivacion analysis b~ Santa Clara L' ni' cr-;it) in parcner'>hip with the Smithsonian I nstirution. T he purpose of chi\ -,cudy \\'as co characterize rhe pa!>te of earchcn\\ ;trc-.. including g lued earthcn\\'arcs and majolica<>, ;rnd abo characteri1e the chemic:il measurement:. of colonial roof tile'> .and brick'>. \ naly'>i'> of fragments of arch1rccrural c:irrhenware-. and fragments of plain ceramics showed s1milamic'> 111 their geochemical signatures bcrn cen the rn o locacion-.. This can be indic;trive of eicher cradc or Jack of \'an:ince 111 rhc ,gcolog' of the region from which mareria1'. wen.: excracced for production. Lead-gla,r,ed

Figure 5 (right). Adobe Ihm-section from the Presidio Officers' Club.

Figure 3: Cheryl Smith-Lintner.

Figure 4 A botanical sample from the Presidio.

SCA N e w sletter 4 1(2) ...------------------------ - -

Figure 6: A viga cross-section from the Presidio Officers' Club.

Figure 7: A variety of earthenwares from El Presidio.

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ceramics appear w ha,·e originated in both .i\lcxico and California based on cheirchemic::il groups. \\'bile the fe'>' pieces of majolica thar were sampled all appear co derive from Puebla, .i\lexico. The researchers concluded that urilirarian pone~ wa:-. made on-site, other vessels were su pplied to ncarb) pueblos and missions, and much ofrhc lead-glazed pottery was imported from a single producrion center in J\lexieo. Additional pieces of El Presidio pottery are being analyzed in rhin-secrion using a petrographic microscope by Sarah Ginn ( lTC Sanra Cruz) who is also looking at rhci r con->trucrion techniques.

Remote Sensing, GPR, and Magnetometry

Several efforts have been made ro employ remotesensi ng techniques at the Presidio (URS Corp., San Francisco State U ni versity, I C Berkeley). Ground penetrating radar, soil resistivity. and magnctometry su rveys ha' e all been undcrwken over the years for the ca~tcrn and western room blocks. Correlating the planar resulrs of magneromccry with thc vertical s lices of ground penetrating radar can somerimcs enable the development of three dimcn->ional model~ of buried sire features illusrraring borh rhe fearurc's location and deprh. Howe\'er. using rhcsc high I~ sen::.iti\·e cools in an urban t:m·ironme::nt is cha llenging. \ 'ehicular traffic and buried uriliries can often skC\\ rhe resu lrs orcreare such strong readings chat other more subtle fcarures ofrhe arch aeological site arc overpowered. H owe\ er, strong '>ignals suc.:h as those from scone foundations and !>ubsrnncial middens do rt:ad in rhe resulting visualizations and havc bccn o;uccessfully used co establish wall a lignmcnts. predict rhc location of refuse dt:posits. and rnrger excavations in co both C\ pes of fearun:: (Figure 8).

Harris Matrix Analysis

The I larris l\laui:-., a cool for schematical ly rcprcsenring archaeological stratigraphy, was developed by British •m:haeologist Edw.1rd Harris and has been used co document '>itc-i around the \\Orld. Ar El Presidio, rhe Harris)\ latrix has proven a useful tool for understanding rhe complex stratigraphic rclatwn1>hip1> of multiple phases of construction. occupation. and U\C of the sire.' l\picalh. Harris l\Jarriccs record information uncovered during physical investigations of ~randing ~crucwres or duri ng exea,•arion. Ar the sire of che Officers' Club we ha\'C also attempted to dc\•elop a I larri., t\larrix which incorporates data from the documentary record (F ig ure 9). Relev.inc accounts of the building's h 1srory m.:re scanned for information abour con::.truction. alteration. or demolition c\ent~ \\ hich could be ineorporarcd inw the marri:-.. The resul t i:-. a scric:-. of matrices based on borh physical and tCXtUal C\ idence \\ hich re lics 011 a high lt:Yel of derail to sehemarilally represent the ~traci .grnphic life-hisco~·

of this srrucrure. These matricc:s complemcnc others produced during rhe course nf earl ier C\.cavarion project'> ar El Presidio. With the aid of a frccwarc produce called Stratif~ , we are now dc,·eloping a unified master sire marri" for all nf E l Presidio incorporating all of the project-specific matrices.

Figure B {left): Pershing Square electromagnetic conductiVtty map.

-----------------·••li•••iiiiiiil~ SCA N ewsletter 41(2)

J

GIS

Over the course of20 years, four institmions have collected El Presidio mapping data. GIS is being emp loyed w create a "geo-database'' of the archaeological site. inregracing these various sources of digital data (Figure l 0). Hand-drawn maps are being incorporated through a painstaking proces:, of digitization. !\ lapping allows us w documenr two main things: archaeological feacures revealed duringexcavarion, such as build ing foundations, and rhe acru~tl location of the excnvariuns themsch·es. In addirion, the gco-darnbasc is designed ro incorporate the inpuc of dara rnblcs. such as arrifacr i1n-enrories. and o,·erlays of extant buildings, utilities and aeria l photos. Because of the narure of archaeological projects at E l Presidio-lasting multiple year" and run by numerous institutions-recording all of this data in a manner that is easy to review is crucial w our continued management of the site. Digital modeling (such as 3-D rcndi cions of extant and destroyed \rrucru res, poi nc p rovcnienccd artifact models, and sire "fly rhroughs") based on the gco-databa~e data further inform sire management, and have the added benefit of inccrprt:cive val uc.

Figure 10 (right): G/S specialist Hans Barnaal.

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Figure 9: Harris Matrix analysis of the Presidio Officers' Club matrix.

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SCA Newsletter 41(2) ...-------------------------=

Figure 11: Ben Wood filming in the Presidio Officers' Club.

Photography and Videography

Visual documentation of archaeology at El Presidio also sen-es the dual purposes of site management and public interprecarion (Figure 11 ). Stills, s lides. digital phocography, and vidcography arc all used co record El Presidio, from aspects of archaeological method to field discoveries. Current efforts emphasize the incorporation of digirnl stills into tht: geo-darabast: described above. Working with a relatively lowccch setup (a ladder and a quality digital camera), Elizabeth Lee ( llC Berkeley) cook rlan phocographs of excavation units which were then gco-rectificd in che database. adding a layer co lower-resolution surface aerial phocos and digitized drawings of the same units. This low-cost, easily-rcplicatable

Figure 12: HOD scan of the Presidio Officers' Club.

30

field set up resulted in high quality post-field G IS information.

ViJeo recordings about £1 Presidio have also bet:n 11~ed ro document rhe archat:ology and excavation history of rhe sire. Working wirh a varicry of panners (including local news media. Oregon Public Broadcasting System, a loca l arrisr, and UC Berkeley students) has created videos of evt:rything from news pieces ro personal narratives about fie ld experiences. During the summer of 2006. UC Berkeley students, under rhe guidance of Ruch Tringham, created video shorts about the Presidio's history. covering everything from El Presidio ro Army laundresses co the hisroric forest. Our work with Ben Wood (MIT), a media artist, led co dozens of hours of recorded raw footage ofa deconscruccion project, as well as short. time-lapsed mon rages. Video done this way becomes pan of the archival record of the project, bur also creates an accessible produce for engaging the public in the archaeological process.

High Definition Documentation (Laser Scanning)

H igh definition survey has been used to document El Presidio through the creation of 30 models. In conjunction with UC Berkeley, Cy ARK, and Silicon Valley Land Survey, we have completed landscape-scale documencation of rhe entire Main Pose/ El Presidio quadrangle area as well as highresolurion in rcrior scanning of the adobe Officers' Club (Figu re 12). The process of high-definition documenracion uti lizes laser-scanning technology co create point clouds from capcurcd dara. These clouds are high ly accurate 30 models, which can then be overlain with digital photographs to create phororea listic models that have research, interpretive, and conservation value.

A UC Berkeley summer school course being raught in the summcrof2007 will train students to incorporate such digirnl documentation in co sire management planning. The course, caught by Ruth Tringham and t\lichael Ashley. wi ll cu lminate in rhe development of a sire management plan for Fort Winfield Scc>tt, a U.S. Army-era inscallacion ac the Presid io.

Looking to the Future: New Strategies for Documenting the Pase

A .... we continue co investigate the sire of El Prcs1d10, our research questions arc informed in pare b\ the ch~mging palette of methods used ro dm:umcnc the past. ' foward~ chc.;;c ends, we hope ro cmplm a number of nc\\ or highh specialiLcd technique" to examine the history of El Pre~idio in the near future. including lipid analysis, archacocnromology, archacoparasicology. and 3 l) object imaging. The expertise pn)\ idt:d through

--==:;....;;--=--------------·······-~ SCA News/elf"' 4 1(2)

our partnerships(\\ ich Alexandria Archi\c I nscituce, CyARK, Culcural Herirage lnccrnacional and UC Berkeley) will allow us w collect, arch he, and disseminate our findings using che latest and mosc appropriate technology.

Se lected References

Barker. Leo R. 2007 Text-Based Reali()·: \ laterial Culture ac El P residio de

San Franci-.co. Paper presenced m che z4•h Annual i\l eecing of che California i\ I ission Studies Associacion, San Francisco.

Blind. Eric B. ZOCH The Presidio Officer<;' Club: A Struccural Hiscory

l ' ndcrThree Flag•,, H ypertext on file. Presidio Tru-.c, San Francisco. C.tlifornia.

Blind. Eric and Li;; Cle,cnger 2006 El P residio de San Francisco Officers' Club Projccr.

Sociery for llisroric:al Archacolog} cwslcrcer 39( I ):40- 1.

Cle' engcr, Liz ' . 2006 D econ-;cruccing chc Presidio Officer"' Club. Paper

prcsenced ar the 391h Annual i\ leering of che Socict\ for I l iscorical Archaeology, Sacramcnco.

Crosby, Anthony, Sannie K. Osborn, \'ance Bene~. Leo Barker, t\ legan W ilkinson, and Eric Blind 2004 Prelimimlr) Condicion Asse<>smcnc: Building 50,

P residio of San Francisco, California. Soc:icf} for California \ rdw:ology ,Ycwslc:cccr )8( I ):25-8.

Dado, \ 'cronica 2004 E l Presidio de San Francisco SpJni.,h Colonial

Documcnrncion Translation Projecc. i\ lanuscripr on fi le, Presidio Trust, San Francisco. C.1lifornia.

Goldberg, Paul 2005 Thin Section Ob.,en·acions of Sample:. Collected from

Officers' Club. Prc.,idio. California. Submicced to the PrcsidioTru'>t b) rhe Department oL\rchaeolog). Boscon l niver\it). i\ lanuscript on tile, Prcsidiolht'>t. San Francisco, California.

Lee, E lizabeth A. 2006 Oigiral OocumcnCJcion and e\\ I ntcrprerations: T he

I ncorporacion of Rectified Digital P hotographs in co rhc DocumencJtion and lnterpreration of<,;arnlhoyiik, Turke~ and El Pre.,idio de San Franci'>co. l ·npublished senior honor\ che'>i'>, Dcpamnenr of Anrhropolog). llniversit) ofCt1lifornia. Bcrkelc).

Osborn, Sannic K. 2006 Chiles and Chocolates. Paper prescnced at the-tOch

Annual J\lcetin~ of che Societ) for California . \rchacolo~. \ encura.

Popper, \ "irginia S. 2001 Appendix 11 : i\ lacroboranic:tl .. \nah'i' of Soil Samples

from El Presidio cJc San Franci:.co. San Francisco Cou nty. California. In Final Report: F11nsron Avenue Archaeological Rc'>carch Projecr. Prc~idio of San

Franci'>CO. 2000, edited by \ my Ramsay and Barbara \'o.,~. Submicced co rhc Pre'>idio Trust and :-:arional Park Sen·icc by the Archaeological Re:.carch Faciliry, University of California, Berkeley. Man uscripc on file, P residio· frust. San F rancisco, Californ ia.

Reidy, L iam 2001 E' idcnce of EnYironmencal Change over the la'>C 2000

ye:tr'> at \louncain Lake, in rhc northern San Francisco Peninsula, Californ1a. l 'npubli'>hed ~ la4'rcr\ thesi'>, Oeparcm<.:nc of Gcographv, l ' niver~it) of California. Berke le).

Simmons, Erica K. 2006 i\ GeoarclrneologicJI Anal) sis of Adobe from che

Pre-.1dio, San Franci.,co. l'npubli.,hed -,cnior honor'> chesi'>. <itanford Archaeolo1-,n. Center. Sranford l ni' er'>it). Sranford.

Simpson-Smith, Charr and Rob Edwards 1999 San Francisco Spani<ih Colonial Presidio Field and

L aboratory Report for 1996, 1997, and 1998 with Srrnrigraphic Discu~<iion. Submitted co chc Prc!.idio Tru-.t and Nacional PJrk "ien ice by Cabrillo College. \lanu:.cript on file, Pre.\ldio Tru-,c, San Franc1\co. California.

Skowronek. Ru.,sell K., Ronald L. Bishop, .\ I. Jame' Blackman, Shuryn Riggins. and Emily Johnson 2005 i\ I ission San Francisco de /\sb (PM K) and the P residio

of San Francisco (P;'\ I E): Re pore on Ncurron \ ccivacion Analysi'> of Earchware'>. ~ lanmcript on file. Sanra Clara Uni' er-. it) and Smich.;;onian 1 mcicucion.

Smich-Linmer, Che~·I .\. 2007 Becoming Californio: Archaeology of Communities,

t\nimab, and ldcncicy in Colonial California. l lnpublished Ph.D. disserrncion, Dcparcmeni of Anthropology, l l nivcr~ity of California, Berkeley.

U RS Grciner \\'oodward Clyde 1999 ,\rchaeological Ground Trurhmg of a Ground

Penetrating Radar Scud) ac the Presidio de S,rn Francisco. Submicccd to the l .S. Army Corp'> of Engineers. Sacramento J)i,cric.:t. i\ lanuscripr on file, Presidio Trusc. San Francisco. California.

\'oss. Barbara L. 1002 The \rchacolo~ of El P rc-.idio de San Frnnt·i.,co:

Culture Contact, Gender, and Ethnicit) in a Spana~hColonial \lilira~· Communit). llnpubli<;hed Ph.D. di,.,crcation, O eparrment ol"Anchropolog,, l ni,cr~icy

or California. BcrkclC)'.

Wake, ThomJ'i A. 1996 Appendix A. l: Fauna! Bone. In Archaeological

Di'>CO\ ci> and lm ·c.,cigacion of the H isroric Pre.,idio de San Francisco Archaeological Sice, cdiced h) lhrbarJ \ o<;' and Vance Bence. Submitted co chc ll.S. ,\rmy Corp:. of Engineer,, SacramcntO Di.,rrict by \\'oodward Clyde Consultants, Oakland, California. J\ lan11,c:r ipt on file. Prc~idio Trust. S<rn Frnncisco, California.

31

SCA H f!Wsletfff 41(2) ..-1111iiiilmi11-1iiiiii111------------------

The Tamil-Huye Archaeological Project: Cross-Cultural Encounters in SixteenthCentury Northern California \fotthcw A Ru.~sc/I I )qx1rrmcnc of. \ nchropolo,t,r, f n11·crsiry ofCaliforniu. Hcrkclc.', and .C,11Jm1crf.{cd Rc.<;ources C:c:nrcr '\.';1cinnal P:1rk Scn' icc /~m.1il: m;m/Jc:11_russell@l><.:rkele~.ccl11

T he ' fam:ll-1-l uye \rchacologi(:al Project i., examining a cro~s-c 11 I tura I encounre rand processes of change and concinuity in '>ixteench-cc..:ncury norrhern

Ltl1fornia. The ~cudy i., im e'>tigating 1595 interaccions bern een Sp;ini'>h \'Oyager' from che '>hipwreckcd \I.mi la g•l lk:on San . \gw;cfn and California Indians in Tamdl I h'.iye. the Coast l\ l iwok name for che area chat include' prei.enr-day I )rakes B,n in Point Re'e" '\!ational Seashore. ~lore ,pec1ficalh·. '' e arc Cr) ing co under'>tand how the Coa..,t 2\ l iwok incorporated European and .\!>ian maccnal culcure "tlrnged from the sh ip\\ reek inro their daily Ii' ci.. The projt:cc is using a holistic approach {Lighcfo<H ct al. 1998), incorporncing mmeum collections and original field record'> from c'\Ca\ atiom conducted at Poinc Rc\e~ from the I 940s-l 96(h. ethnohiscoric and ethnographic sm;rc1.:'i, a~ '' ell a'i nati\ coral cradirion!>- an hiscorical anthropological approach that will Jllow Europeans and Coa.,t ~ l iwok incerJction., •lftcr San \~11Hfn \''reek w be int1.:rprcted in the widest po.,.,ible

(.on text hce Lightfoot ZOOS).

introduced objeu,. So while chc project fies comforrnbly within che brgcr chemc of colonialism in California, ic i'> e'amining ho\\ nucerial culcure affecc'> culcural change and conrinuicy from a -; lighcl) d1fferenc per'>pecti\e, b) focusing on ho" the Coa'>t \Ii" ok acti\ cly selected maceri<lb for sa lv;ige from a dh cr~e range of goods, racher th:in '>electing objects'' hose"" 1ilabilit) "'""mediated by early traders and coloni'>C'>.

· l'he cross-cultural encounccr began when che Spanish f\lanil;i galleon '>•in /\[;usrfn, carrying'' diverse cargo of Chi new trade gooJ., including porcelain. -.ilk. and ocher lt1'UI"\ icem'>. ''rec ked in TJm•ll-Hiiye in '\. o\ ember l 59S ''hi le.en-route from che Philippines co ,\ lexico. The\ e'>~el anchored in the bay co re-provision and to a<>semblc a sma ll launch forcoa~tal exploration. hut wa'> dri,·cn ashore during a '>torm after it:. Jrrl\ JI. For more than a month. both before and after Lhe ''reek. anti'' hi le completing the launch in'' hich the) \l'ould e\ en wall) rewrn co i\ lexic:o, the Spanish ere\\ incc.:ractcd '' ith the indigenou'> Coasc ~ I iwok population. The ~uni' ing Spani.m!... succc.:.,.,fully continued their VO) age co ~Jc ..... co, but abandoned San \ eu-;rfn and its cargo. From the Coa-,c ~liwok per-.pecti\e. chi-. \\as likely jusc the beginning ofch1.:ir interaction with rhe ship\\ reek itself, as sma ll-scale coll1.:ccing, oppomini'>tic '>Jln1ge. or pO'>'>ibly sy:.temacic e'\.ploitation probabl) continued for 'ome time. The monthlong inceraccion he tween Spani~h sailor-. and Coa~t \I i\\C1k h11nrer-gachcrer~ represents one of the earliest documented cont:lct'> bern een Europeans and indigenous people'> on the northcrn Californ1~1 coast. and chc last recorded contact for more than 150 'car.. uncil the ~pani:.h permanencl) colonized

,\rcifaccs from 8an 1\~11Hfn h<l\"e been rccO\ 1.:red from\\ holh-nati\ c u1ncc:'\Cs in contcmpornr) Coast \lmok!)ite., ~1ro11nd Poinc Re,·es .... o '' c know tlun local Coast\ I iwok group-, in ·1amul- l l(1y1.: acti\ ch

Figure 1: Archaeologists from University of California, Berkeley excavating CA-MRN· 232 on the bluff above Estero de Llmantour m 1949. now part of Point Reyes National Seashore. Photo courtesy of the Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum of Anthropology and the Regents of the University of California (File # Ms079).

'·' h aged objcu' from the ''"P'' reek. Tlw. project i ... tcscing '' hecher r1.:u'>c and ret·oncc:-;:ruali/at10n of these object\ h' indigcnou'> commun1t1e'> re.,ulccd in eh.1ngc'> to Co,i...t \Ii\\ ok cultural practice,, both locall) in negotiating ... m:ial relation'>. and idcmitic'>. <llH.l r1.:gionalh. if object'> '' cre incorporated 1nco I.trgc.:r uadc network .... Tht'> quc ... cion ,., c'pcciall) intc..:rc..:.,ting, b1.:t·a11'>e nati\c U'>C ofincrnduccd material tulrnrc ocu1rred outside.: the norm.ti (.·ontc'(t in'' h1ch 1nd1gcnou ... people obt.tincd E11ropean goolh char i..,, trade\\ ich c.:'plorers and through long-t<.:rm colon1al entanglement'>. lbchc.:r. be) onu the lnlll•il c'\ch.rnge'> clue wok pJ.1(.·c '' nh the ( .t1a'>t \ l j,, ok. che ~pJn1'h ''ere nor p1c.,cnc co .,truccure u'e of

~----------------········· .... SCA Newsletter 4 1(2 )

the region in the mideighceenth century.

°PLATE t

I •

I"'

" •

University of Ca lifornia archat:ologists excavated seven Coasr Miwok vi llage and midden sires surrounding modern-day Drakes Bay from 1940 to 1951(Figure 1) (H eizer 1942: Meighan 1950: ~leighan and Heizer 1952). Their primary interest, however, was co locate artifacts from San Aguscfn to provide a chronomerric marker for refining the area's cultu re history (Heizer 1942:9). Although researchers found nearly 20% ofarrifaccs recovered from sires were European and Asian in origin (Meighan 1950:29), they thought che Coast Miwok reused the porcelain ceramics as Europeans would have, for serving food and storage. Lacer. researchers from San

Figure 2: Artifacts from CA-Mrn-308, now in Point Reyes National Seashore, excavated by Adan E. Treganza and San Francisco State College in 1959. Photo courtesy of the Phoebe Apperson Hearst Museum of Anthropology and the Regents of the University of California (Ms283).

Francisco Srnn; Colkge and ochers inscirncions excavated a[ Poinc Reyes from the mid-1950s co the early-I 970s, and uncovered an additional se,·en sites with materia l from San A~ustfn (Figure 2). Unlike che Berkeley archaeologists, they were primaril y interes[ed in finding evidence of Sir Francis Drake's possible 1579 landfall, and again addressed indigenous reuse of foreign objects in a cursory way (\"on der Porten 1963:13).

In contrast ro d1ese hiscorical and culrure-hiscorical approaches, Lightfoot and Simmons (I 998) examined prorohisroric culcural encounters in California from a more nuanced perspective, and offer a d ifferent interpretation of Coast J\liwok reuse of objects from San A~usrfn. They suggest thar because of the context that struccu red the Coast

1iwok ·.,first encounter wich Europeans, which likely occurred during che Kuksu ceremony, they may han: collected porcelain sherds and iron spikes hccausc they were \'alued as symbols of previous encounters with Europeans and as objects that signified unknm\ n worlds (Lighrfoot and Simmons 1998: 160)-this is a hypothesis chc projec[ will examine.

The presenc research is: ( 1) drawing on theories of culwrc contact in which materia l culture has an active role in cre<tting ne" cultural practices: (2) de,·eloping models. based on previous research for how Coast Mi wok hunter-gatherers incorporaced introduced material culture from S:rn AguMfn into their daily practice, and:(:;) comparing these models ro expcctt:d archaeological outcomes. The t\\ o primary models

can be broadly dclincaccd a~ a ucilic;11ia11. u1 JJI:tl{Tllilcic, model and a non-ucilirnrian, or symbolic. model-although we envision rhesc model!> as two end5 of a spectrum, and chat an objecc's accual use and meaning may fall anywhere along chis continuum. or indeed may intersect it at mul[iplc points.

The utilitarian, or pragmatic, model suggests chac incroduced arcifaccs \\'ere primari ly used for functional purposes (Heizer 19--1-2; lcighan 1950; i\leighan and Heizer 1952: \ 'on tier Porren 1963, J 972). Porcelain vessels were used as containers for food and scorage, and were discarded as they broke. Iron spikes were not themselves used, but were incidentally deposited as timbers were used for fue l or in shcl[Cr construccion. 1 n addicion, che incroduccd macerial cu lture may ha,·e been used as raw materials for traditional ind igenous arcifacr classes, such as scrapers, beads, and pendants.

The non-utilitarian. or symbolic.: model, suggcscs thac arri faces were primarily usc.;d a:. symbols of other world:. or deceaseu anccscors (Lightfoot and Simmon~ 1998). Introduced objects wou ld lrnvc inherent meaning by [hemscl\'eS, and there mighr be no preference for whole \'Crsus broken ceramic vessels. In chis case, foreign objcccs were incorporaccu into practice in ways consiscenc with Coast i\I iwok "orld' iews, but rcpn.:sentcd new ways of practice and rook on fundamcncall~ new kinds of meaning~.

The ' ll11m\l-l ll'1yc ,\rchacolo,e;ical Projecc is focu~in g on colk<.:cions cur~1ccd at the Phoebe 1

\. J lcar~ t \I u-;c.:um of

3.1

SCA N ewslette r 4 1 (2) ..----------------------- -

Anthropology ar lf.C. Be rke ley and ar Point Reyes National Seashore. Sampl ing and analysis are being conducted at multiple scales. and ha\·e b<.:gun by sruclying each of rhe torn I sire assemblages in rhe 'lama I Hliyc area chat contain artifocrs from Sun A,gustfn. Analysis is evaluating the context and spacial :issociation:- ofborh inrroduced and indigenou~ objects ro itlenrify parrerns associatetl with particular acti ,·icics and determine how artifacts were used in daily practice. ext, the project i!> narrowing the focus to examine in demi I jusr the introduced material culture w determine if Coast Mi\\ ok individuals selected particu la r ceram ic vessel forms or designs more frequently than others and co dcrermin<.: if salvage and 5elecrion of particular ob jeers were dictar<.:d by cultura l \'alues (Wi lkie 2000; Wilkie and Farnsworth 1999, ZOOS). Demi led analyses of European and Asia n <trtifacrs •Nill also address rhc quesrion of Coast Mi wok reuse by looking for evidence of modification and functional reuse, including use as raw materia ls for traditional artifact t) pcs such as scrapers. beads. and pendants. Later re;:search will mm·e ourw<1rd ro examine regional and pan-regional sites ro dercrmine if loca l Coast i\ l i\\'ok groups from Tarn<ll Huvc exchanged the introduced material culrure with ocher Coast j\ I iwok g roups or p:111-n.:gional Ca lifornia Indian groups. In chis wa), each level of data collection will contribute co the project's research questions hierarchically by focusi ng on individual arrifacts. sire assemblages. local s ires. regional s ires. ~ind finally panrcgio nal sires.

This project will contribute to understand ing how native popu lations adopted introduced material culture in situations of cross culcurn l e ngagement, •Ind '>hc>uld be of inrercsr to a "i<lc range of both prehistoric and historical archaeologists. The project will contribute a unique perspecrive rn our undersrandingofearly inrercultural encounters berwcen indigenous populations and Europeans. By exam ining the material consequences of coa:mil hunter-gatherer contact with European voyagers, thc project will address rhe synergistic effects of ea rly cross-cu ltural e ncounrers. an<l wi ll add ro a snwll but growing body of maritime archaeology literature contrihuring ro research concerns fundamenta l co anrh ropologica l archaeology.

Acknowledgements Thanks to Kent Lightfoot; Pat Kirch; Laurie Wilkie; Rosemary Joyce; U.C. Berkeley, Department of Anthropology, Diebold Fellowship; Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology; Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria. Sacred Sites Protection Committee: Point Reyes National Seashore: Larry Murphy and the National Park Service, Submerged Resources Center; and my U.C. Berkeley California Archaeology Lab mates and cohort.

34

References Cited

I lciz.cr, R. E 1942 Archaeological Evidence ofSe;:bascian Rodriquez

Cermeno\ California Visit in 1595. California I I iscorica/ Socicf) Quam:rly ~()( 4 ): l-32.

Lightfoot. K. G. 2005 Indians, f\Jissionaries. and 1\h:rch;ints: The Legacy of

Cvlonicil l~ncouncc:rs on the C;i/ifornia Frontiers. l lniversit) ofCalifornia Press. Berkelc).

Lightfoot, K. G .. /\. t\ lartinez and A. i\ I. Schiff 1998 Daily Practice and i\ !accrial Culture in Pluralistic

Social Semngs: An Archaeological Srudy of Culture Change and Persistence from Fort Ross. California. American 1\nciquicr 63(2): 199-222.

Lig htfoot. K. G. and \V. S. S immons 1998 Cu lture Contact in Protohiscoric Cal ifornia: Social

Comexrs ofNarive aml European Encou nters. j ournal ofCulifornia ;111d Greac Basin Anrhropologr 20(2):138-170.

t\lcighan, C. \V. 1950 Excal'ations in Sixr<:cnch Ccnwry Shell mounds ac

Drakes Ba): ,\ larin Co11ncr. Lf niversiry of Ca li fornia Archaeolog ical Surve) No. 9. Papers on California Archaeology No. 9. Deparunenc of Amhropology, L l ni vcrsirv of California. Berkeley, CA.

t\ Jeighan, C. \V. and R. f. T lcizcr 1952 Arch;1eological Exploration ofSixreenth-Ccnrury

Indian i\lounds ar Drake's Bay. Californ ia flisroric:il Society Qu:1rcerlr 3 1(2):99-108.

\ 'on der Porten, E. P. 1963 Omkes B1ffShcflmoundArchaeology 1951-1962.

Drake Na\ igarors Guild, Point Reyes. CA.

1972 Drake and Cermeno in California: Sixteenth Cenrury C hinese Ceramics. l-1 isroric;if Archaeolog~· 6: 1-22.

\\'ilkic, L.A. 2000 Culrure Bo ught: Evidence ofCreolizarion in the

Consumer Goods of an Enslaved Bahamian Family. H isrorical /\rchac:ofo~~ 34(3):10-26.

Wilkie, L.A. and P. Farnsworth l 999 Trade and rhe consrru<.:rion of Bahamian identiry: t\

rnultiscalar exploration. lncernacional Journal of /-liscorical l\rchacolog~ · 3(4):283-320.

2005 Sampling ,\Jany Pocs: An Arclweolo~r Off\Jcmory And Trndition ·\ u \ 8 ;1/wmian Pfanracion. llniversiry Press of Florida. Gainesville.

Assessing and Protecting Resources Along the Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail Srnnley C. Bond, Ph.D.. Superintendent Juan Brnirista de; Anza J ational I liswric Trnil J 111 Jackson Screcr, Suire 700 Oakland, CA 94607 510-817-1-138

T he Congressionally-aurhorized J uan Baurisra de Anza National Historic Trail extends 1,200 m iles from

ogales, AZ tO San Francisco and around the East Bay. Add itionall y there arc anorhcr 640 miles of potentia l Anza trail in Sinaloa, Sonora, and Baja California, ~1Jcxico. (Figure I) The ational Park Service does nor own anv rrail land, except char which passes through established parks, but administers the rrail through a system of partnerships and cooperative agreements wirh federa l, tr ibal, scare. and local agencies; non-profir groups; and privarc landowners

The Anza Trai l roday passes through both rural and urban areas. Urban sires include Tucson, Los Angeles. San Jose, San Francisco. and Oakland. The 2000 census shows well over 27,000,000 people living in the 19 counties that contain the Anza Trail. This area includes 28 congressional districts and four United Scates senate districts. Urban areas offer rhe Anza Trail a unique paradox. While urban and suburban cities and rowns have sign ificancly altered the landscape sinceAnza's rime. they offer specific concentrations of people where Anza Trail sraff can more economically promote the J\nza message. Often. rhese urban groups are the very ones that most need the potential recreational opporrunities that the Anza Trail can offer.

The goals of the Anza Trail pro jeer are to establish a continuous driving and mu lti-use recreation trail route based on rhe hist0ric corridor. assist communities in preserving related historic sires along the Anza Trail route, and use interpretive and educational programs tO cell the Anza Expedition story. There arc five broad tra il rhemes that guide Anza Trail interpretive and educational programs: (I) commemorate rhc Anza Expedition Route, the success of the expedition. and the 1776 settlement of San Francisco: (2) celebrate the di\'c::rsiry of the soldiers and seeders of the Ariza Expedition; (3) highlight the role played by Native American groups along rhe trail co make the expedition a success: (4)

exan1inc rhc consequences of European serrlemenr on local Indian groups. and: (5) examine the cn,·ironmenral consequences of European scnlcmcnr.

Historic Background

Juan Bautista de t\n,t,a "as born in 1736 at lhc prc~iuio of Fronceras. Sonora. t\ lcxico. (Figure 2) Hi., father had <>en ed Spain in chis region for rhe greater parr of his life and was killed in an Indian battle just before ,\nz,1 's fourch birthda). !\nz.a spcnc hi~ fir1'r 2S years ofmilirnr~ ~en ice in Sonora. During thi:; time. he wa<; ~1 crivc in de fending rhe frontier of

Figure 1: Anza Expedition Route from Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico to San Francisco, California. Courtesy of the NPS.

ew Spain against various hostile Indian rrib~~fffmtt>W?J the Apaches and Seris. By 1772, the Spanish viceroy recognized the need ro develop an overland route to California for more consisrenr supplies and to place a presidio ar San Francisco Bay tO block Russian and British advances down the coast. Viceroy Antonio Bucarel i charged Anza with rhis cask, recruiring settlers, an<l establishing a presidia at San Francisco Bay. In 177-tAnza and <l few soluiers reconnoitered ;in overland route. and in 1775-1776 cook approximately 300 soldiers. senlers. missionaric~. cowboys, and rhcir families

Figure 2: Portrait of Anza fn the Palace of the Governors, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Courtesy of the New Mexico State Museum.

35

SCA He w sletlH 4 1( 2) ...-------------------------~

along'' ith abouc 1,000 head ofli\'csrock from Culiacan. \lc'\ico co the San Francisco Bav area (for ti<.: mil<. on the. \n.1.a E'\pedition '>CC Bolton 1917, 19JO; Garacc 1994; Guerrero 2006; Pouradc 1971 ). These soldiers, '>Crrlcs. Ii' csrock, and a.,sociaccd material gave Spanish sertlcmcncs in California che cririe•ll ma;;s necessarv for re la ti\ c ~clf-snfficicncy and their ulcimacc '>Urvival.

The An.1.a Expedi t ion recruits ... vcn.: main I) poor landless mesci,i;os from Sinaloa and Sonora. 1 lowevcr, th<.: group was '<.:ry di\ er'c and included criollos. penin,ularies, mulartos, and indio,. Perhaps as many as 30%- ofrhc rceruH., had some .\fncan ancc'>m. ~ lason ( 1998) has sho'' n that California ethnic cla'>'>ifict~tions changed O\ er rime and b) abouc 1800 :-ouch di.,cinccion~ ''ere dropped in fa, or of rcrm., such as Ca/ifornio and f.!Cnccs de razon. Since .\nt.<l recruited families. abour halfofthc expedition membcrs \\Crc children un<ler 16 and manv members were womcn. I c is a r1.:-;rnmenr co Anza 's ,kills as,; leader char only one cxpedicion member died, a '' onrnn due ro complicacions of c.:hildhirrh. Ch·eral l eight children\\ ere born during che expedition.

~om<.: hi ... mrian'> hal'e de::.cribed the Spani.,h sccrlemenc of C:aliforni.i a'> rhc Ji-,placement of local California lndiam b) hi'>panici1.ed Indian., from \ le'\ico (C.t'>tillo 1978:99-104: C:o ... ccllo ,ind I lornheck I 981 ). In man) re'>pect'> cl1Jc characc<.:rincion i'> crne. Se criers from \ lc'\1co, regardlc ... s of cchn1cir~. b<.:camc ~enrcs de rnron, ''hi le local California Indian' n:maim:d classified as Indians ( \la.,on 1998>. ,\Jrhough th<.: t\n.1.a Expcdicion mt~ a grcar opporcunit) for the expedition members. such opporrunirics \\ere had ar the cxpcn'>c ofrhc origin:.il settler~ of the land. chc local Indian group'>. From t111 indigcnou-; point of' ic\1. ~kxican inn1der'> di'>p<>'>'<.:">Cd and removed California l ndi,111.., from their ht.:rcd1carY c<.:rriconc'>.

Prior Research

C..,ign1ficant tntcr<.:~c in chc Spani'>h-\k,ican pcriod of c,1liforn1a -,1,;crkmcnc began in chc 187(h \\ irh th<.: efforts of 1 lubcrr l lm1e Bancrofc ro a:.:-.emble a coll<.:c:cion of m,111u'icfl(H' and oral hiscories tic\ orcd LO clwr period of C.iliforn1a hi.,tor\. This collcccion i'> hou-,ed coda~ ac rhc Bancroft L1br.ir,. l ' ni,crsic;. ofCalifornta, Berkie~. and conunuc'> w bc one ofchc mo'>t important collccrions of C..,pani'h colonial and \lcxican maceriah in ch<.: l. niced ~rate'>. Rc,earch 111 rh1' collccrion eontinm:'> co pro<luee imporcanc 111'1!.!ht' on rhc C..,pani.,h coloni::tl C'\periencc in "-orrh \merica he<.: for <.:'\•llnplc Beebe and Sl:nk'' It/ 2006). In 1917 1 lcrberc Bolton p11hli,h1.:d J cran<;(acion of a C..,p,tn1'>h-pcriod diary c I onr ), .11HI. 1 n I 9JO. a fi,·c-\ ol u me '><.:t on the \111.<1 c'p<.:dtcion-.. ·1 ocl;.1\ h1-;cori,1m., archacologi'>C'>, anti ocher rcw:1 rdll:r' l'Onri n ue w i ncrea'>c nu r k no\\ ledge of chi'> '<.:mtnal t.:\ <.:IH in the Spanish seccl<.:mcnc of( :al ifornia I( •U<.:rrcro 200<1; (i<intce: per~on:ll comm1tn1c:trion: Bro\\ n: p1.:r,oi1al communiGuion).

Current NPS Anza T rail P rojects

1 ·hre<.: ongoing or upcoming pmJCCt'> •tr<.: focu-.ing on chc ph\,ll.11 rc,m1rl<.:'> alnn_g th<.: ,\111.a frail route ;111cl "ill

56

conrribure ro the managemcnr of these significant cultural n.:~ourcc~. The fiVit project, funded in 2005. is rhe de' clopmcnt of an archaeolog1cal research design for locating Anza Expedition campsites and developing a model of'' hat rho~e sites might look like. The archaeological re.'>carch de:-.i.e;n for campsite locations is based on several '>Ct'> of data rhac can he lp pinpoint thc~c locations. One set is chc journals of Anza and Font. Borh of these men often gaYc written descriptions of the camr locations. In add ition. Font cook laricucle and longicuclc measurements for each camrsicc. \\'hilc these reading arc nor complete I) accurate due to I 8'i. ccntur\ technology. chc) do help narrO\\ down potential '>it<.: locacion'>. Bo Icon ( 1930) mad<.: C\\ o cxploracions along hi., h) poch<.:'>izcd rouce. and hi., darn arc important in undcrstandi ng che land~cape f1.:acurc'> of, \rizona and California ac char time. l nformarion on Nacive .\mcrican 'illagc sires and p re' ious archaeological sun·eys and 1.:xcavacions may a lso hold clue~ co campsite locarion". \\'ich chis information we hope to place campsices within a defined area. Wh ile manv sites ha\'c hccn destroyed ch rough urbani1.acion. chi~ design ma) offor a \\'a) ro work wich local , ,carc, and federal gon~rnm<.:nt'> and privacc land de\'(.: loper'> co prc.,cn c those areas of high ct1mpsicc poccncial char han! not he<.:n impacccd.

\n important part of chi., pro jeer i'> undcrscanding ''hat J

camp ma) ha' e looked like on chc ground and '' hac maccriab and fcarurcs ma~ poccnciall\' bt.: rccO\ crcd archacologicall). \\'ich JOO people and a large h<.:rd of livcscock chc camp'>ite could rnkc up a broad area. Ir ~e<.:tn'> likely char, as a militar) 11\l1n, J\1\1.•1 would h,1ve rhc C<l mp laid ouc i11 a milirnry p;mcrn. I lowc' er ch ere'' ere not enough rcncs for all of rhe e'\pedicion members. I Jo,, "ould che) disperse aero-;\ the land'>capc? There arc li-;cs of material chat chc expcdicion cook'' ich ch<.:m and chose ma\ h<.:lp 1n de' eloping a maccn,11 l'lilcurc pattern for a camp'>ite. 1 l<l\\ e\·cr \\ e do noc knm1 "h.n p<.:r-.onal iccms chc e:\pedirion m<.:mb<.:r'> broue;hc '' ich rh<.:m. Other facmr<>. sulh a' chc death of pack animab, ma~ hJ\ <.: l':lll'>ed rhc di\card of certain t\ pc., of objects . . \II of chc'>c factors may play crucial rolc'> in a final camp-;icc mod<.: I.

In 2007 the ~PS funded Lhc lirsr 'car of at\\ o-year hi.,coric r<.:~ourccs stu<l) along rhe \n.1.a Expedition route. Thcs<.: resources a rc broadh defined anJ 111dudc such clement'> a'> che l,tmp~ice l<ll'•ltlon' di'>cus.,cd ahm <.:. concempor.incou' "-•lti' c \mcnc.111 .. ire,, l'Oncemporaneou' h1,rom. \IC<.:'>. '>lte' .tnd f1.:murc' J'>'Oll<ICed '' 1ch e'\pcu1t10n members :rnd their ue'>ccnd;inr,. I· r:rnu'>Glll n11,<;10n'>. llllt11ral .111d n.1tural landscape,. :111d och<.:r '<.:t robe defined re"1url·1.:, .. nil\ 'rmh \\ill help ll'> work\\ irh fc<leral. cribal. -.care . • 111d

lcu.:;il gm l:rnment'> m proren rhc'>C important r<.:"ntrcl:,. D .1t;1

from rh1-; '>tud\ ''ill help c'\pand 011t 1nrcrpreri' c .ind cd11t:.Hional progr.1mm1ng. \ddir1onall). rhl'> report" di help llS id<.:nci I\ appropriate parrncr' ror cducarion:1l. inrcrpreti\ e. and pr<.:s<.:n acion .icm ici<.:,. The.: Principal Im c-;rigaror for rh<.: ;1rc:ha1.:olo,g1cal re,carch Je.,i!!n. c.1mp model. anti hi.,conc re">11rcc-. 'cud) " Dr. I ,cc I ).I\ 1-.. (:al 1 forn1a ~rnd IC"> I n'r' rur<.:. C..,an Fr;tnli,co ScJC<.: l ni\ cr'IC'

Thi\ year chc ,mon.11 (>;1rk C..,cr' llC 1' aho funding an ard1acolo.!!1cal -;un C\ of potl:IHl•ll \n1.a Lamp'>HC :;:;. rhc

-----------------····••iiiiiiiiia.. SCA Newsletter 41(2)

Cary Ranch site. The site is located at the head of the 1erwilli~er Valley through San Carlos Pass and closely matches the description in Anza 'sand Font's journals. This project will a llow us to begin testing some of rhc assumptions developed in the archaeological research design and cam model. Or. William Eckerr is the Principal investigator with assistance provided by the La Puerta Foundation.

Conclusion

The Anza Trail projects have assumed an active research role in defining and locaring significant cul rural resources a long rhc hiscoric expcd iri on corridor. The projccrs should assisr comm u niries along rhc Anza Trail wi rh prcscrvi ng rhcse imporranc resources and give Anza Trail ~raff new information to enhance educational and inrerpretive programs.

References Cited

Beebe. Rose Marie and Robert M. Senkewiez 2006 'Lestimonios: Early California 1 '/Jrough che Eyes of

\Vomcn. 1815-1848. Heyday Books, Berkley, CA.

Bolton, Herbert Eugene 1917 Fonc s Complete Diary: A Chronicle of the founding of

San Francisco. University of Ca li fornia Press, Berkley. J 930 Anza s California Expcdirions. Five \'olumcs.

University of Ca li fornia Press, Berkley.

Brown, Allen 2007 Personal Communication on publication of a new

rranslacion of the Foncjournal through the University of Oklahoma Press.

Castillo, Edward 0. 1978 ''The I mpacc of Euro-American Exploration and

Settlemenr" in H1111dbook ofi\'orch American Indian.5. \ 'olume 8, C;1lifomia. Edited by Robe re E Heizer. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.

Costello, Julia G. and David Hornbeck 1981 "Alta Cali fornia: An Overview" in Columbian

Consequences, \ olume 1, Archacologr and Hiscorical Pcrspcctilfeson chcSpanish Borderlands \\ esc. Edited by David Hurst Thomas. Smithsonian Insrirution Press. Washington, DC.

Gararc, Don 1994 Juan Baucisca de Anza Nacional Historic Trail. Western

Parks and ~lonumencs Association. Tucson, AZ.

Guerrero, Vlatlimir 2006 The AnZ<I Trail t111d che Seccling of California. [ Ieyday

Books. Berkley, CA.

Mason, William ,'vlarvin 1998 r/ 'he Census of 1790: A Demographic 1-fiscor~ · of

Colonial California. Ballena Press. t\lcn lo Park. CA.

Pourade. Richard E 1971 Anza Conquers chc Dc:sc:rc: The Anza t'xpcdicions

from f\,fexico c/1e California and che FoundingoFSan Frnnl'isco 177-1 co I 776. Copley Books, San Diego, CA

Mission San Juan Bautista: Zooarchaeological Investigations at a California Mission J\fichel/c C. Sc.Clair-Jerman. RPA. Senior Archaeologisr Jones & Srokes, JO Lombard Streer. Sec. -110 S;m Francisco, CA 94111 -11.5-296-95 71 [email protected]

T he Spanish penetration and settlemenc of Alea Ca li fornia created a ne" social and narural environment. Cali fornia mission sites represcnr

important opporcunitics ro study Nacive American life after the arriYal of rhe Spanish. In particular, scholars point to changes in ative American diet and subsisrencc rhar occu rred as a resulr of rhc colonizarion and conccnrrarion of native people at the missions. i\·ly masrer·s thesis (Sc. Clair 200.5) focused specifically on the zooarchaeological analysis offaunal remains from rhc Ncophy(I.; Housing Area and Courtyard of!\ lission San Juan Bautisrn to discern how aboriginal subsisrcnce pracrices were affected by rnissionization. A primarily huncer-gatherer diet char ccnrcred on wild game and planes was dramarically changed co one focused on domesticaccd animals and agriculture. The fauna! rcmai ns from both areas of[\ I ission San Juan Bau tis ta represenr the urilizario n of domesticated animals primarily for consumption by the popu lacion of the mission. From this, the importance of domcsricared animals co the funct ioning of rhc mission economy in borh food-r<..:hm:d and non-foodrelated use is inferred.

This study anempred w make a staremcnr about whar animals were utilized ar the mission for food and other productS. It looked for indicarions of certain butchery patterns. as wel l as determined the cxtenc co which indigenous animal species played a role as a food source. What was discovered was that domesticated animals, especiall y cattle, were relied upon heavily for consumprion (Figure 1 ). Carrie were also crirical ro the economic functioning of rhe mission for trade of hides and tallow. The founal analysis revea led that ribs were apparently the mosc utilized and butchered element presenc in rhc assemblages. Ir was concluded rhat ribs are one ofche c lemenrs noc discarded at rhe burchery site because they could not be easily stripped of their meat. Ribs wirh anachctl verrebrae were rransponcd as a larger unit back ro the mission where the~ were furrhcr processed or incorporated inro soup and srcw-based meals.

The fauna) rema ins from !\ I ission San Juan Baurisca did nor con rain large :imounrs of sh<..:ep remains, even rhough documcnrary evidence -;uggests their presence in greater or equal numbers to carrle. This srudy concluded chat rhe lack of sheep is directly rebted to rhe processing of rhe sheep for wool, nor food, as well a)) rh<..: likdihood rhar rhe sheep were kepr in pasrurc'> away from rhc mi~~ion. Tndirecrly, rhc importance of tlomcsric anim::tl'> at 1\ I ission San Juan Bauti))t:.J was infcrr<..:tl from the lack of wild animal remain)) in the

37

SCA Hewskttte' 41(2} .M••••••••----------------~

fauna I a"cmbl:lge<>. :\r borh rhc Court) JHl \re a .ind the ~coph' re I lousing .\rea, '' ild animal remain' make up lcs-, rhan one perccm of the t0tal as..,emhlage. \\'ild animals ma) h<l\ e been U'>Cd co supplement che diet.

The stud) of rn o d istincc area ... of~ I is:-. ion San Juan Bautista has allowed for in era-site comparison ac the mission, somerh1ng not attempted at man) Alta California mission sire:. pre\ '1011 ... fy. '\lrhough disrincc differences of rhe two sires \\ere c\pcctcd, \\'hat wa.:; fount.I \\ll'> that food -.election and aninul 11tili1.ation at both area'> '' , • .., ... mkingh ... 1milar. This ma\ indicate ch.It che :\ati\'e .\mcrican' re'>iding in the ~eoph) cc I lousing Area. as prc\ iou-.1~ '>uggesred by Farris ( 1991 ), wen.: rhe more acculrurarcd groups who had

0 50

Ii\ ed at the mission O\·cr a period of generation:-.. \\'hen ocher recm crcd arrifocc ... arc.: considt.:rcd from boch area-., we do c;cc glimp-.c' ofcradicional tech nolog\ of;--: ati\ e American.,. such ~1'> lirhic roob and <>hell bead~. bur rhere i'> aho progrc;v,ion or adaprnrion co nC\\ material t) pcs. as is evidenced by modified glass and ceramic picccs ac lhe c.:ophyrc I-lousing Arca. I ncra--;ice comparison at rhe mi-.-.ion cmphasi1,es how domc,tic animal use predominatc!'t missional) and '\;ni' e \mcrican realms of the m1"ion and further emphasizes rheir 1111porcancc.

In addirion rn the proccssc:-. and 11:..cs of domestic animab at ~I is~ion San Juan Baurista indicared. another interesting poinc i'> made from rhc faunal rcma111,. The dbcriburion of burn111g •H the '\coph) re I lou">mg \rc,1. hut more'-<> at rhe

<.ourr\,trd \rca ma) indicate t\10 di ... r111cc rnx111xHion periods ar chc 'ltc. The high <tmounc of burning on 1m1mm;1I remain., concencraccd in che to\\ er arca ofrhe Courryard Illa\ he reprc ... c.:ncati1 c of the burn inµ, ;tnd collap:-.e of rhc CO\\ er •tnd thc occupation of the arc:l b' 'qu.1crer' .1frcr rhe '>ceulari1:ac10n of che mi,.,ion. Thi'> prO\ idc-. an inrcre,nng gl11np<,e into a period not often '>tlld1ed by ml\~ion \t:hol;H\. Ir al ... o indic:ite., the

An•odaclyla

Att1odi1Clyla II

Gre111 Blue Heron

Caule

Calf

Squurel

Dog or Woll

Cai

Duck

c Turl\ey

0 >< ~ Deer

Shrep

Pig

R<lCCOOl1

Ral

Gopher

Cro.-.

Cl.1111 or O,sler

ln<J l.10llusl

D

11

~

p

p

J J==J

p

ti

p ~

p

p

]

~

continuing importance of tlome.,cic cattle to che .·\Ira California econorn) durin,g th!'> time.:.

lei~ important ro note ch.1c acculturation theoric<> of chc pa ... c do not work m the analy'i' of fauna I remains for chi., '>rudy. /\ccu lturanon i<> :-.ccn a-. an u-.ymmecrical procc<;' and thc re:-.ulc is usually absorption of onc culrurc into rhc orhcr. T he theories of acculrurntion rationalize that the proccs'> is carried our by one dominant society over a \\'eaker society. le

count

100 150 200 250 300 350 400

I

Figure 1: Number of lndenttf1able Specimens (NIS P)

0 Courtyard

0 Neophyte Housing

----==-=--=------miilliiiiilllllliiill•••llliilllli•llil••~ $CA N e wsletter 41(2)

35

30

25

-c: 20

::i 0 CJ

15 14

11

10 8

7

5

0 J!! Q) Q) tn Q) Q) Q) Q) ~ E ('O co J!! ~ co co co ::I ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .0 :::> a. .0 .0 <{ .0 .0 .0 .0 <l) ..... Ctl Q) Q) Q) Q) Q) Q) t 0

('O 0 t t t t t t <l) (/) (/)

Q) Q) Q) Q) Q) Q) > > > > > > > ro 0 ..... ro ro

\:) "(3 ('O 0 c 0 .0 .__

-~ ~ 0 .D E co :::>

Q) 0 :::> (/) (/) (.) .c ...J

f-

is brought about by direct concact bcrwecn che individuals of these societies. T lowever, the daca gencraced from chis study raise new questions abour adaptation, exchange, and inceracrion between ladve Americans and the Spanish in California. There is a negotiation of new society, in chis case brought about by the introducrion of domestic animals. This study demonstrates char while ic is undeniable char the domesticated animals were imporcanc to che mission economy, how arive Americans chose ro interact wirh chem both inside and outside rhe mission was negotiable. Historical. documentary. and archaeolo~ical evidence on non-Christian Na rive Americans societies living outside the mission. as well as archaeological evidence of the adapcarion of Spanish materials goods and retention of traditional practices by acive Americans living at the mission. arrest ro a society nor as black and white as acculturation thcor-:-

30 Figure 2: Distribution of Butchered Elements

0 Courtyard

0 Neophyte Housing

15

6

4 3

Q) tn ..... co tn co J!! tn >< tn Q) -0 2 ro .0 ::I c ::I :0 ::I c ::I ;Q ·5 iY E 5 Q) ..... ('O Q; Ctl

c -0 i= ro Q) -0 >. c .E Q) ('O E c E I .E LL. a::: a.. co c co 0 :::> .J::. :::> .....

I I ~ Q) c a.. Qi -= -0 c

tax on

suggests. This study hopes co raise further questions abour rhc role of domestic animals ac che Alta California missions, as well as related presidio, pueblo, rancho, and even protohisroric Narive American sires.

References Cited

Farris, Glenn J. 1991 Archaeological Testing in the Neophyte Family

I lousing Arca ar '1 ission Sanjuan Baurisrn, California. A report by rhc Resource Protection Division of the California Deparrmenr of Parks and Rccrcarion.

Sc. Clair. l\ I ichellc C. 2005 l\ I ission San Juan Baurisca: Zooarchaeological

T nvcscigmions ac a Ca lifornia t-. 1 ission. ;'\lasccr's Thcsi!>. College of William and l\br). Williamsburg, \ 'irginia .

.)9

SCA Newsletter 41( 2) Alliiilllill••••llil•lliil•-------------

New Sources for Early 19111 Century California History: The Russian aval Archives in St. Petersburg Glenn F:trri.\. Cal ifornia Stare P:trb

B c.:ginn ing in 1806 wirh rhc visit of ikola i Rezano\' aboard rhc.: Juno, Ca li fornia wa<. ' i'>itt.:d by a number of 'hips of rhe Russian miv). T he:.e ship~" ere mo<>rly in

one of rn o caregories: (I) round-rhc-" orld 'oyagcs of data collecrion and di~co,·cry, and; (2) ,hip ... 'enc ro rhe :'\orch Paci tic Ocean on picket du~ folio" ing T,ar . \ k-:ander I\ uk:/\c (decrc:e) of 182 I diccacing chc nec.:d ro control rhc m:w,j, c.: poaching of foreign ">hip~ in rhc "atc.:r., of Rus'iian . \ mcrica. \ lrhough formal rc.:porr., from the captain~ of a numbcr of these '>hips have been publi.,hed O\'er rhe years (e.g .. Ciolornin 1979; Kotzebue 182 1, I 830), rhc.: da) -ro-da\' journa b ofrhc o ffi cers and scie ntists ~1 board have remained brgdy unpubli !>hc.:d (ar lease in English). They are ruckcd cl\\ Cl) in the Ru'isian Na\'al Arch i\ e ... in St. Percr ... burg. The likelihood rhar rhesc.: journal<> of cducared 1rn:n could hold fa,c:inating nc" derails of life in Californi.1 in chc.: early 1800<> i<> hiJ?;h. The' alue of jourmils O\ cr the publi,hed repons is ch•H che) report c.la)-ro-da). real-rime chronicle., char ma) well d:irif) 'ariou ... hi-.roric e,·cncs of inrcrc\c ro h1 ... rorian-. and cthnohi ... roriam in California. Be)ond e\.pcc.:ccd commcnr:-. ,1bout the.: Rll:.'>ian scrrkmcnr'> (Fore Ro.,, and Bodega Ba)) in California during ch i:. rime. demi led informacion abouc rhc Spanish mi'>'> ions a nd p rcs id ios, parricularh in San F rancisco and l\ lonccrc.:y, a rc ancic ip•u cd bon u'>C'>.

\ 1,1dimirS. Sohob ). Chief \ rt·hn i.,c I ,yudmila

Sp1ridonm·a. and phorographer 1' inll 1' riuko\'. Th<.; ke\ accomplishment of chi., one.: week trip was to review the lind ing aids of chc • \rchi' c and to Lav ouc our expec:tauon!> of rhc re:.ulc~ of rhc col lahorarion.

W hereas a greac dea l of rhc.: d()(:umenrarion of the.: Rus'iianAmc.: rica n Com panv "a'> handc.:d over co rhc l ' nircd Scare'> ar che ti mc of rhe purLh:t'>C oL\laska

Dmitry Zavalishin

in 1867 and nO\\ re'>ide<t in rhc l '.S. :".;uional Archi,·e '>, the documcnrarion of rhc Ru... ... ian n;l\ ;1) \ isir~ remained in Ru'> ... ia. I bc.:lic' c chat. w1ch a fe\\ cxccprion'> (e.g .. Khlebnikov 1990. 1'.o ... cromicino\' in \ 'On \\'rnngdl 1980), rherc is a qualirnri'c diffcrcncc becwecn chc information on Cali fornia sec do\\ n b~ rhc.: mc.:rdrnnrs and civil ian '>C•1 ca pm in!> char came on Company shi ps and che oflicer-; and scicnrisrs who were on rhc naval craft.

In 2006 rhc.: Fon Ross I ntcrprcti\ c \ ,-;ociation Sealing the Deal m St. Petersburg

<I· RI\) "a" finall) awarded a granr b' th<.: "'\acional Endo" mcnc for the I lumanictc'>. T he granc pnn idccl fora mulci-ycar rc.: ... c.::irch projct·r to access the R11 ... .,ian t\.av,1 1 Archi\es. obtain promi<;ingdocumenr ... <1nd11din!.!jo11rnal,. maps, 'h 1 P'' log .... and ma) he C\ en dra" ing.,). ha' c rhc.:m rra n ... tacccl co Engti ... h. and horh acatc <111 c\.hibic and a puhlicarmn dcalin,g" ith chem. < 'onccl\ cd b) John \ l iddleron c1nd C\.ecutcd b) I •) n Kalani. chc gram ha' ... o for '>Upporrcd a rrip m Si. Pctc.:r:>burg for fi,·c member' of the r<.;:-.earch re11m (\ 1 .... S;ir:1 h S" cc<l lcr, I )r. J;1mc ... Gib ... on, Dr. Katherine \rndt. Dr. \lc\.ander Petro\".

;1ml rhc amhor) tn Ocmbcr 2006 ch;H 'ct rhc .,cage" irh inirial mecring'> "irh the.: Dircccor of the.: \rc:hi,·c (Or.

-10

- ------------------······ ... SCA Newsletter 41(2)

The m·ailable published accounrs of Russian naval visir'> have already pro" eel a rrca-,urc rrO\e for California erhnohi'>ml") and hi.,cor). Scarting \\ ith rhe drawings by von Langsdorff from 1806 (\on Lang.,dorff 1968) and moving on ro rhe descriprion:. made during rhc ,·j~irs of Ono von 1'otzebue in 1816 and 1824 ( 1821. 1830) along with seiencisrs and artists on his cxpcdi cionc; 11,oui'> Choris. :\delberc ,·on Chamis'><> ( 1986)1. ''e ha,·e im aluable doeumcncacion of the Indians at chc California mi-;sion., in rhe San Francisco Ba) area. For Bodega Ba) in 1818 rhcre arc the accouncs of\·a.,ilii Golovnin (1979), captain of the 1'amch:icka. along with the only cxcanc dra\\ in gs of Bodega l\ I iwok people in the earl) 19'h ccncury done b) :-.. t ikhail Tikhanm (Farris 1998). accompanied b) dcscriptions b) officers on the ship. I han:: separarcly pubJi.,hcu a brief acco11nr by Achille Schabelski. the interprerer on the naval s loop /\pol/on during his visit in 1822-23 (Farris 1993), and rhcre is rhc fascinating accounr written by D m itri %av.1lishin ( 197.)) of his visir co San Francisco in 1824. I lowevcr. a ll ofrhese were wrirren up several years afo.:r rhc vi<>ir and so tended more ro·ward impressions and gcncrali1.;1rion:. rnther than day-by-day accounts rhar one linds in journals. By con erase, rhe .. real rime" accounr provided b) '>Omcone like rhe naval lieuccnanr Edward lklcher in 1826 and 1827 (Farris ct al. 2004) shows the value of follcrn ing chc trip in its real chronology.

Dr. Sobole\. din.:cmr ofchc Ru-;,ian ,\rchi\'es. seated in a lecrer w FRL\ clue:

The archi\ e contain'> an cnormou'> number of document'> on all of the chircccn rnyagcs mentioned in your letter: rcporr'> of\'. \ I. GolO\ nin, '.\I.I~ Lazare,._ '.\ I. >:. \'asilyc'. 0. '\c. Kovebue. G.S. Shishmaryo,, L.A. I lagemcister, and S.P. 1'hru'>hche' to the Naval l\ I ini~rr) .... T here arc.: original journals kept during rhe voyages of\'.i\ I. Golcl\ nin and L .. \. Hagemeister. The journal kept b) F. Luckc ... abour rhc voyage ofrhe sloop 1'.'amc/wrka in 1817-19 i' of considerable scholarl) incerc..:s1 ... · l'hc archive houses more than 60,000 logbooks and journals of ships of che Russian navy, includ ing the.: logbooks of the.: sloops Ockrycie, Blagonamc:rc:nny, Apo/Ion, /,uc/oga, Kreizcr, Ryurik, and other:.. It is these logbook\ rhac con ca in unique infornrntion about occurrences aboard ship during chc Yoyagc ....

\\'c look forward co the likclihood of a number of cxccllcnr ne\\ -;our<.:c~ ro -;upplement ob~en er-;' comments about happening., in c..:arl~ 19'" cenrur\ California in rhe next couple of)ear'>.

References Cited

Chami'>'>O. J\ddberc 'on 1986 \ \''·'age .mmncl chc 11or/d 11 ich che RomanL01

E\ploring /~,pcclirion in chc }cars 1815-1818 in the Brit~ Rurik. Captain Occo \ on 1'uczcbuc. Translarcd and c..:ditcd b\ I Jenn Kratz. I lonolulu: l-ni\'ersi~ of l lawaii Pre'>'>.

Farri.,, Glenn j. 1993 \ 'i'>it of the Ru.,.,1an \\'arship Apollo co California in

1822- 18.23. (l'ranslaccd from the original French and annornccd b) Glenn Farris.) So11chern Californi11 Quam.:rl~ 75( 1):1-13.

1998 The Bodega ;\ l i\~ok ao; seen by l\ l ikhail TikhonoYich ' l'ikhano\ in 1818. Journal of California 11nd Grear 13a,,in Anchmpolog) 20 (I )2-12~

Farris. Glenn J., 1\ lauricc I lodgson. and Andrew C. F. David 2004 Thc Ca Ii f'orn i~1 Journa I of Lieu ten am Edward Belcher

aboard 11.1\ 1.S. Blossom in 1826 and 1827. Bolccfn. chc: .fourn:tl o/'chc: Cu/ifornia 1\fosion Scudies Association. .21 (I ):45-67.

GolO\ nin. \'~1silii \ I. 1979 , \ mum/ chc: \\ 'orld on chc Kamcharka. 1817-1819.

'Jhin.,Jarcd. \\ ith an lncroduction and '\ores. by Ella Lur) \\'j-,,, ell. I lonolulu: The I lawaiian 1-liscorical Socict) <tnd the l ' niYer'>iC) Prc:.s of Hawaii.

1'hlcbnik0\. Kirill 'I: 1990 Th(.· 1'hldmikm , \rc:hi1 c:. l 'npublishccl .fourn;t/ (I 800-

1837).md Tr:11 d '\ore~ (1820. 182!. and 18!-I ). Ed ired \\ ith incroduccion and notes b) Leonid Shur. Tran-.larcd b) John Bi .. k. \nchora~c: l ni\cr'iif) of Alaska Pre-.-..

Kor1.ebuc, Oreo' on 1821 I \ "') ;/~(.' or Di\C:<I\ er~ mco che South Sea and Bc:c:rinf{

I '>ic I Scmic:., for chc purpose ofc:xploring a iVorch-Eu~t pu,~.\:tf{t.:. unclcrwkc:n in chc ye: a rs 1815-1818. ac chc /~.\J>t:nsc of/ Ii.'> I lighncss ... Counc Romancw!Tin che S'hip l?urick. under che Comnwncl ofchc Licuccnunc in the Russian Imperial ,'\·a1•y. Ocw 1·011 Kocze::bue. 3 vols. London: I ,ongman, 11 urst, Recs, Orme and Brown.

1 8~() A Ne11 \ 'op1ge !?o11nd chc: \\ 'oriel. in che rears 1823. 2-1. 25:incl16. 2 voh. London: 11. Colburn and R. Bentle).

Langsdorff, Gcorg I lcinrich von 1968 \c1ragcs and 'fra1d\ in \arious Pares ofche \for/cl

cl11rinf{ rhc frar' IH03. /HO-I. !HOS. 1806 tind 1807. 2 'oh. Fac-.imilc cdirion, Ne'' York: Da Capo Pre~.,.

\\'ranµ;cll. Ferdinand' on 1980 UtMi;m \mcrica: Scati'>cical and Echnographic

/11form;1tion. Tran,Jated from rhc German by \la[) Sad<H1\k1. Edited b) Richard Pierce. Kingsron. Ontario: The I ,1mc-.cone Pre".

za, ali'>hin, Dmitr) 197 3 California in 1824. ' Jra1v,l:tccd and Annocared b' Jame-;

R. (;Jlwin . .','ourhc:m (.'a/ifornia Quarccrl~. SS(4). \\ intcr 1973.

41

SCA Newslettff 41(2) Aiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii-------- --'--'=

Making Pathways Through Traditions: An Update on the Kashaya Pomo Interpretive Trail Project Sara L. (; mu.;1 / c.: /

Ocpc. ofAmhropolom. l ·c Jkrkc.:lc.:) Email: gonLals:1@herkc:lc~.c:cJu

F ore Ro,., Smee 11 i'>coric Park i!) perchcd acop a coastal terrace in Sonoma Councy. approximately 90 mile!) north of San Francisco. \\'hilc chc main

occupant'> of che fore now consio;r of ..,chool-aged children reenacting life ar rhc former Ru!)sian-Amc;rican Company sccrlement, from 18 12- 1841 it was a mercancilc oucposr where che company's Russ ian , Creole, Nacive Alaskan and Nacive Californinn h1borcrs worked and li ved. Ofo.:n called California's first mulci-cthnic com mu nit) (Lightfoot er al. 1993: 16 1) and a globa l ,·illage (J>arkman 1996/1997), Seknic Ross as ir was origina l! ~ e~ill ed was cstablished within J\ lecini. rhe Kasha ya Pomo\ homel~rncl. ' l hd~1y. the park boasts an impres~i' c reconscrucced stockade and well-developed inrcrpreti,·e program char cducaces children and' isicors about California\ unique Ru!>sian hcrirnge.

The Kashaya Pomo Interpretive Trail Project

In n.:ccnc year ... archaeologi'>t'> at l 'C Berkele~ ha,·e rc;1mcd '' irh che 1-: a,ha~ a Pomo Tribe and Scare Parks in an cfforr to UC\ clop the Ka..,ha) a Pomo I ncerpreci,·c Trail. a walkable culcural herirngc trail thac fcacurc<; the hiscory of the re,gion ·s first inhahirnnt'>, the 1-:a.,haya Pomo. their interactions '' ich rhc Ru ... sian <;ctdemenc, and archaeological sites within che Scace 1 li.,mric Park. The plan for the m1il i!) di' ided into nrn loop'>. E;l\t ;1nu \ \'cM. ' I 'he Ea'>t I ,oop "ii I "ind around the recon'itructed \tockauc and fe;1rure archaeological sites a'>\ociaced "ich the mulci-erhnic communicics of Fore Ross. The \\'est Loop'' ill rake \'i\iror:-. outside che stockade walls and onto the coastal rerrnce. I )ere the trnil stops focus on che Kasha ya Pomo · l'ribc. ih deep hc;riragc \\ ichin the park. and the usc ofarehaeolog~. ora l cradition:-.. and oral hist0r) ro understand chi:. past.

l lndcr rhe co-direcror'>h ip of !-:enc Lightfoot (l lC lkrkclt:v) and Ori' Parri.,h ( I leam '.\lu~eum of ,\nch ropology), the projecc lw'>tctl a month-long field <;chool ar Fore Ro's in the \um mer of 2004 dc'>igncd co survey the proposed trail parhw;l\ and <:ollaborace "ith 1-:a~haya rribal cider'> and -.cholar-. on the de' elopmenc of the trail. \\'ich che help of a ream of undergr;1d11atc re'>earch apprcncice!>. we h;I \ c compiled the re., ult\ of chi'> tield\\ork into J working pl.in for rhe inccrpreti\ c rr;1il and I h,1\ c completed a t"ompanwn '' cbsice for chc .._a,ha\ a Pomo I ncerpreci,·e Trnil .111d the \\'c,t L oop (Figure I). The'' eb.,ite ha., been tJc,igncd to compliment the pin -.ieal trail." hich ha'> yet to

be con ... rrucred, b~ offering an .1ltcrn;1ti\ e p;1thwa~ for' isiror<., w lcarn abom Fort Reh\ and the i-:,1.,h.r~ a Pomo Tribe . . '\!." e continue m e"p;mtJ upon the wcb.,ice. we hope co offer a ninet~ of option., co ' i\I cor\ '>llch a'> dO\\ n loadable 'pod casts· and ,·idco' '><>char the' can enhant·c borh rhcir' ircual am! real

visics co chc park tnd chc incerpreci\·e crail. \\' ich this work complete, the projecc is turning ics acrencion co che developmenc of 1 he Ea~r Loop and invescigarion of che stockade's , orrh \\'all art:a.

The North Wall Project

As" e begin rhi-., nc\\ pha-.e of the project. Kent. Oti!>. and I "ill be hosting. 1 field \chool this summer co undertake new archaeological ill\ e'>rigation'> at CA-SON-190. The sire trinomial refers to boch the hi~roric Russian srockade and the hisroric multi-ethnic' illage "ich a ' ati\'e Californian component, located along: irs ' forrh \\'all. The sice was occupied during the Rus~ian Period ( 1812-184 l) and possibl) ar differenc poincs during the 1\ lexican (1841-1846) and American ( 1846- 1903) period". le is most recencly remembered a'> Lhe site of the old Ranger's house ar Fore Ross, which wa:-. destroyed through a concrolled burn. Existing archaeological and uocumenrnry information suggest char rhe site was the location of either •l ative Californian village inh.ibitcd bv laborers, or rhe residence of the colonv's Russian or Creole w;1rker.., and rheir Native Californian spo~1scs (Ballard 1997). t li ... wric illtmrarions of the colonv b' DuhaurCilly (in 1828) and \ o..me!>emkii (in 1841) depic~ sr~nding: architccturc in che '>C~ le of Rus~ian plank houses and enclosed ficltls.

Origin;ill). the 'ire wa~ named " Indian Site ~o. I" b~ Treg.uva and de-.,crihed a'>:

immcdiace to rhc cncire north 'rnll of the Fon. extending m the back ofrhc chapel and including rwo "hite cocrnge '> O\\ ned b~ \Ir. Call [Treganza 195-t: 18].

The site ha ... been archaeologically tested a number of rime'>. The majorit\ ol che!>c project'>" ere dcsigned to mitigate the impacc of the '>tockadc \multiple reconstructions and ocher con.,cruccicm rel.ired •lcti\ itie!>. De'> pi re thi!> heav~ disturbance, porrion... of the :.ice con rain intact cultural depo~ics char. ;1long with the pn::' iousl) unreported material exc•l\·acetl from rhc site, can be u~ed ro seccle sen:n1I unresolved is,.,ucs about the; s ite.: ~uch a!> ics occupational histor) and ui.e . • tnd re lationship w other residencia l space'> ac the colon). I nformacion from excavations also sug:~e:>ts chat rhese deposit~ arc pon::ntiall~ related co the scrucrures depicted in both \ 'ozen-;cn ... kii and Duhaur-Cilly's illuittrarion-;.

In 2006 "e conducted archaeological reconna1~'>ance along chc '-.orth \\all area dc~i.~ned co: (I l idencify rhe location of depm it'> related co che 'iite: (2) determine an appropn;Hc pa elm '" for the.: E.1 ... r Loop of the rrail. and; (3) tc'>t pre\ iou..,h 1dcnt1ficd dcpm1t\ pocencially related to the ... rrucmrc., de1m 1cd 111 hi'>toric illu .. rracion<. (see front'>piece co chi-. ~ecrnm. page.: l.)). \..,part ofthi'> work we created a nc" topograplrn: m.1p or the '>ICC ll'>lllg an Electronic Di!> ta nee \lctcr <ED\ I l. did a gcoph~ '>1cal sun e~ of the area U'>ing a ce\ium grad1omc tcr. and completed •Ill 1ncen<.i,·e 'it1rface '>line~ ;1ntl 1:ollcccu1n ot the.: ... icc. all tlc.,i~ned m pinpoinc area ... for further rc.,can:h. l n our upcom111g ficld season" e "ill u'>c rh1-. 1nformat1011 ro lurrhcr te~t rhe sire ch rough

"'""'===--~====iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii~ SCA N ewsletter 41(2)

bplore the heritage of the Kashaya Pomo tribe and the multi-ethnic colony of Fort Ross, a 19th century Russian American Company settlement on the Sonoma County coast.

Joumev along the Kashaya Pomo Interpretive Trail.

Dlscever the worlds and lives or the communities who called this place home.

learn the tools archaeologists use to excavate the past.

Immerse yourself in the rugged North Coast of California. Figure 1: Homepage for the Kashaya Pomo Interpretive Trail Website.

excavation. As in the development of the West Loop, we wi ll conduct this fieldwork in consultation with tribal members and with critical input from Reno Franklin, the Kashaya Pomo Tribal Historic Preservation Officer. Proceeding in this manner allows us co merge archaeological and ethnog raphic data for each s ire featured along the trai l and to incorporate the feedback we receive from tribal elders and members directly inrn the East Loop of the trail.

Conclusion

It is a hard practice. even for seasoned archaeologists. co imagine the things under our feet as they were in the past. For today's visitors to the Fort who only see an imposing reconstructed Russian stockade, it is important that we help them imagine the unseen features of Colony R oss. The rich visual, rcxrual and archaeologica l resources of die orth Wall area make it a prime candidate for imcrprctarion on the East Loop and an ideal space for furrher investigating the nature of Fort Ross's multi-ethnic communities and imer-cthnic households. For rhe North \Vall area we can thus use existing i I lustrations to su pplemem archaeological and eth noh isroric information to give visitors a tangible link to the communities and stories char arc connected through this place-something we are unable co do at ocher stops along the trail such as at the Nati,·e Ala~kan \ ' illage. Incorporating

this fieldwork directly into the era ii and website is also another important feature. as it allows us to present the results of our research directly to the public and in a format that is more widely accessible than a traditional site report.

References Cited Ballard, Hannah

J 997 Ethnicity and Chronology at Metini, Fon Ross Scace Historic Park, California. ln The Archaeology of Russian Colonialism in rhc orrh and Tropical Pacific, edited by P.R. Mills and A. Marrinez, pp. 116-140. Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers. Berkeley.

Lightfoot, Kent G . .'fom A.Wake and Ann r-.J. Schiff 1993 lative Responses to the Russian Mercantile Colony of

Fort Ross, Northern California. Journal of Field /\rchaeolof(y 20: 159-1 75.

Parkman, Breck ( 1996/1997) Fort and Sccrlemcnc: lnrerpreting the Past at

Fort Ross State Historic Park. California Hisrory75(4): 354-369.

Treganza.Adan E. 1954 Fore Hoss: A Seu cir in ArchacolOf0'. Reports of the

l l ni\ cr~ity of California 1\rchaeological Survey. vol. 23. Dept. of!\nthropoloi;y. CC-Berkeley.

43

SCA Newsletter 41(2) ..------------------------~=

Archaeology Public Day @

the 2007 Annual Meeting David Reed Cohen r\rchaeological Research Facility. Unii-crsiry of Californie1 at Berkeley dcohen@berkc::/c:)'. c:du

:ind

Liz 1\1. C/c1'cngcr Presidio Archaeology Lab, Presidio Trust /c/cl'[email protected]'

i\nned wich purpose and an army ofvolunceer~, the First (Annual) SCA Archaeology Public Day was a success. Our vision was co bring together participants from across chc srnte, from archaeology and related discipl ines, w engage with and educate chc public about Californ ia's past and people. At the heart of this ''as our de;;sire co make whac we do more accessible and exciting to an inrcrcsccd group of avid consumers of archaeological information, aka "the general pubic." By providing chem with ways co furrhcr their inrerescs and the ability co direcrly engage with the archaeological community, we create impommc ad\'ocatcs for our work oucside of our field.

The Public Day became a real it) through a parrnership between the public outreach programs of

44

Participating Organizations: California Archaeological Site Stewardship Program

Campbell Historical Museum and Ainsley House Foundation

Chinese Historical and C ultural Project

Discovery Museum of Sacramento

East Bay Regional Parks District - Coyote Hills

Folklorico Nacional Mexicano

History San Jose

Institute for Canine Forensics

Japanese American Museum of San Jose

Los Californianos

Muwekma Ohlone Tribe

National Park Service - Golden Gate National Recreation Area

National Park Service - Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail

Society of Primitive Technology

The Old Ways Workshop

Outside Educators

Paci fie Legacy

Phoenix Obsidian Designs

Questers

San Jo~e State University

Stanford University

UC Berkeley

URS

- ----------------········· ... SCA N e w sletter 41(2)

PC-Berke le)\ Archaeological Rc!)earch Facilit) and the Presidio Tn .... r\ .\rchaeolog) Lab. B) participating in similar e\ cnt'> our-,eh c-,, we have become aware of ocher organ11ations with similar public-ccnr<.:red goals that \\e were able co t.•all on co participate. Their n;.,pome~ were \'Cr)

enth ll'>i:.l'>Cic!

Wich Z.) organizations lined up co participate (see page 44). we rnrncd our accention to publicity to ensure a good curnouc for che C\ enc. Because.: ofrhe Cali fornia Scare Teaching Scandards char cm er California histor). we sent mailing-. co primal} -;choob in rhe area co re;l(.:h teachers anc.I -,cu<lcnt'>. \\'irh their focu~ on outdoor acti\ ities and an arch.1eolog) merit bac.lge. \\ e contacted local Boy & Girl St.·out troops. Posters and fl~ er-..\\ ere d1srributed b~ our \ olunrccr participants who abo ... hared their enthusiasm for rhe C\ cnr b) \\ cmJ-of-mouth achcrti'>i ng. \nd fi nail~, co round our our auc.liencc, the Public D<l) wa' li-..tetl in on line acti\ it) calt:ndars for famil ies in the Ba) 1\rea and in prinrcd evcnc' sections of local newspapers.

Tht: 1\rchacolog) Public Da' \\'''held on Sunday, l\larch 15, at tht: cnd of the 2007 t\nnual l\ kecing in San Jose. 0\ cr 350 mcmber' ofthc public am.:nc.lcd chc rn o-hour e\'ent. ~him of chose were children, mngtnf.: from coddle rs co high -.choolcr'>. \ho in anendance \\ crc tcachcr\, a Boy Scouc troop. and lot.·al familie~ . . \number of SC.\ members also dropped by chc C\'ent, inclutling I mmcdiate PaM President Frank Ba) ham and President Stcphcn I lornc.

\ 'isitcm. co chc event were incrodut.·ed co a" idc spectrum of archacologicai. cultural. and hi,torical insricutions. Public Da) C'.hibiror:. included mu~eum'>. uniYt:rsitics. governmcnc agcnt.·ic'>, dc .. cendanc communitic'>, technical speciali'>t'>, costumed interpreters. and dancer\. \!ember'> of the public \\ere able.: to meet and talk to descendant group:. including the \Im\ ck ma Ohlone, Los Californiano-.., the Chinese 11 i\torical and Cultural Project, and members of che Japane:.eAmcrican \I u'>cum of San Jo:.c. Art.·hacologists and other profc.,.,ional ~pecialists were also on hand. including a zooarchacologist, canine forensic !-.pcc:ialists. and educators and inccrprcci\'e specialises.

Booth' at rhc event rangcd frnm information tables to

hands-on activities. People coulc.I tr) their hand ac traditional technologic~ including knapping, ba-;kctr), and food preparation. Sc' era! stations taught archaeological methods. including e:xca\'ation. artifact idcntiticacion. and stratigraphic analy-.i .... I )cmonscrations showed C\ cf) thing from gra\'e dctcccion clogs ar work ro rhe in., •me.I <Hit'> of\'ictorian fa:.hion. In formational rabies presented archaeological and historical research and volunteer advocacy information.

\Vc would like co thank cvcryonc who contributed co chc success of the.: Archaeology Public D ay. including our exhibitors and event voluncccrs, the Annual l\lcccing Chairs, and chc SC1\ Board. If you have any questions or comment!), pica'<: fed free co contact us at:

<lclc\ [email protected] >or <dcohen@berkelc~.edu>.

- Th.mk \OU!

45

SCA Hewslettel' 41(2) ..-------------------~

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Professional training Cor I.he rnanagcmcn~ preservallon, and stewardship 1)f our cultural heritage. C ontlict Ritsollllwn and \egottat10n Tools for Cultural and .\'mural Resource ProJl!Cts(San Simeon) • .\liGPR.1 and ,·/Rf~.J: Applicauons and Reqummu.mts <Sacrament~') • Native Amencan Cullllral Property Law ( SeatUcJ • The Secretary of the lnterwr s Standards: Treatmenl Con.wdemtwns: G/S: Pracl1cal. lpp/ica1wnsfor Cultural Resource Pro.1ects 1Phoen1x) • Section 106: .in lntroductwn (San DtegoJ • plus more. Please contact us for a seminar schedule.

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The Archoeolooicol Conseruonc~ 0

f re· serving endc.ingered Jrchaeolog1c..1I sites thruughoul the countl!J (or 2-; _yc<irs.

\V <' rel_y on the archaeological and tnhal c ommunities to let us lnow or s1grnt1c<1nt

.1rch.1eolog1cal sites. Flease cont~Kt us 1( qou k.nc..)W of <1 Sil<." In need or preserv.:JtlOn ~

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Calendar of Events August 3-5, 2007. Inaugural Keeler Conference and Easrside

Dara-Sharing Meeting. Co-chaired by Mark Basgall and Tom Mills. Co-sponsored by Cal trans District 09. New meetings d1at examine rhc nature of past human acriviries within the Inyo-Mono region and Eastern Sierra. Attendees must presenr a paper as aurhor or co-aurhor. Camping ar rhe Big Springs Campground. P resenrarions ar Calrrans Disrricr 09 Office in Bishop. Field trip. Due to facility size attendance is limired ro 40 parricipanrs. RSVP early- no later than July 30'h co: Tom Mills - 760-872-2424 or [email protected].

September 14-16, 2007. 9rh Annual Conference ofrhe British Association for Biological Anrhropology and Osreoarchaeology (BA BAO) wi ll be held at the Departmenr of Archaeology, University of Reading. See call for papers at www.babaotemp.bham.ac.uk/ Call%20for%20papers%202007.doc; the deadline for absrract submission is 01 August 2007.

September 26-27, 2007. 9th arional Palaeopathology Congress www.uv.es/paleolab/Morel la2007.

October 6 -7, 2007 P roject Archaeology Workshop for ' lb1chers at the Presidio of San Francisco. Sponsored by the Archaeological Research Facil ity, University of California, Berkeley and the Presidio Trust. Space limited and registration required. Email: [email protected]· for mcm: in formation .

October 25, 2007 Thomas E King lecture and book signing 'Saving Places'] 'hac Alaccer: A Citizens Guide co chc J\'ational Historic Preservation Act. Sponsored by Left Coast Press and the Presidio Trust. Free, public invited Thursday 7pm Presidio of San Francisco Officers' Club. Email: [email protected] for more i nforrnation.

N ovember 7- 10, 2007. The 2007 'Jeering of the American Society for Ethnohistory. Hosting this evenr is the Department of Anrhropology at the University onulsa and the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. http://erhnohisrorv.org/ sections/meeci n gs/200 7 Lin dex. h cm I.

N ovembe r 28- December 2, 2007 - t06'h Annua l American Anthropological Association ]\Jeering. MarriocrWardman Park I lore I, V\lashingron. DC. lurp://www.aaanq.org/mtg!>/ mcgs.html.

November 29-D ecembe r 3, 2007. Society for l\larine Mammalogy I 7'h Biennial Conference on the Biology of J\ tarine J\ f ammals. Held at the Cape' J O\\'n Inrernacional Convention Cenrcr in Cape "To\\'n, Sourh Africa. Conference website TBA.

O cto ber 1-5, 2007. 8111 Annual I\ leering; of che f\<;ociacion de Anrropologia Biologica de l:.t Republica Argentina (AAB RA) \\' \\"\1.fp1) m. unlp.ed 11.ar/aabra/.

October 13-15, 2007. The Twenty-first Annual Indian Conference wi ll be held ar Dominican University. San Rafael, CA. Conract: Archur Ki1nc Scocc [email protected].

O ctober 19'\ 2007. The Sama Cruz Archaeological Society is sponsoring a lecture on rhe 2006 Excavation at che San Francisco Presidio. Sesnon House, 6500 Soqucl Drive, Apros, CA, 7:30 PM. Presented by che staff and students of rhe Cabrillo College Archaeologica l Technology Program.

November 29'\ 2007. i\AA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.

November 29-December 3, 2007. Society for Marine Mammalogy 17'h Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals. H eld ar chc Cape Town lncernarional Convention Center in Cape ' fown, South Africa. Conference website T BA.

January 3-6, 2008. Archaeological Institute of America Meeting held at che Hyau Regency in Chicago. F irsc call for papers. lmp//www.archaeological.org. Contact 1-kle n Evans- [email protected].

January 9-12, 2008. Societ) for Historical Archaeology Annual Meeting at the H yatt Regency Albuquerque in Albuquerque, J .1\ 1. Theme "The Public Benefi rs of H istorica I Archaeology." (h.wl;.// www.sha.org)

March 25-30, 2008. SAA Annual J\ leeting. \ "ancouver. British Columbia, Canada.

April 17-20, 2008. SCA Annual Meeting robe held at che H ii ton Burbank Airport and Convention Center, Burbank, Ca.

June 29-July 4 , 2008. World Archaeological Council 6 wi ll meet in Dublin. I reland film;LL www. world a rchaeologica Icon gress.org/si rc/wac6. ph p

October 2008. The Grear Basin Anthropologica l Conference wi ll be held in Portland, Oregon. For information conrracc: Or. Virginia Butler, Program Chair- [email protected]. Call for papers and information wi ll appear in Spring 2008.

November 19-23, 2008. AAA Annua l Meeting. San Francisco Hi Icon and 'Towers. San Francisco, Ca.

November 2008 . 2008 J\ lccring of the American Society for Erhnohisrory.

April 22-26, 2009. SAA Annual J\lecting. AcL1np. Ga.

Decembe r 2- 6, 2009. 1-\AA Annual A leering. Philadelphia l\larriott, Philadelphia. PA.

Ap ri l 14-18, 2010. SAA'~ 75'" Anniversary J\lcering. St. Lou is. ;\J i~souri.

47

Society for California Archaeology Business Office Department of Anthropology, CSU Chico Chico, CA 95929-0401

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