II. The Composer, Patron, and II. The Composer, Patron, and Public in the Classical PeriodPublic in the Classical Period

Journal EntryJournal EntryWhat do you think of when you think What do you think of when you think “Classical”?“Classical”?

Haydn, Mozart & BeethovenHaydn, Mozart & Beethoven

HaydnHaydn Content to spend Content to spend

most of his life most of his life serving a serving a wealthy wealthy aristocratic aristocratic family, family, considered a considered a skilled servantskilled servant

Haydn, Mozart & BeethovenHaydn, Mozart & Beethoven MozartMozart

Born 24 years after Born 24 years after HaydnHaydn

Could not bear being Could not bear being treated as a servant, treated as a servant, left his court position left his court position and went to Vienna to and went to Vienna to try his luck as a try his luck as a freelance musician.freelance musician.

Successful and Successful and popular for a while, popular for a while, popularity declined, popularity declined, died in debtdied in debt

Haydn, Mozart & BeethovenHaydn, Mozart & Beethoven

BeethovenBeethoven Only a few years Only a few years

after Mozart’s after Mozart’s death, Beethoven death, Beethoven was able to work was able to work as an independent as an independent musician in Viennamusician in Vienna

1818thth Century Middle Class Century Middle Class As 18As 18thth century advanced, more people made century advanced, more people made

more moneymore money Merchants, doctors, government officials could Merchants, doctors, government officials could

afford larger homes, finer clothes and better foodafford larger homes, finer clothes and better food Prospering middle class wanted more than Prospering middle class wanted more than

material goods such as theater, literature, and material goods such as theater, literature, and musicmusic

Middle class had great influence on music; palace Middle class had great influence on music; palace concerts were usually closed to the public so they concerts were usually closed to the public so they organized public concerts with an admission organized public concerts with an admission price.price.

1818thth Century Middle Class Century Middle Class

Not only did they want music in public, Not only did they want music in public, but they also wanted it at homebut they also wanted it at home They felt their sons and daughters deserved They felt their sons and daughters deserved

music lessons as much as children of music lessons as much as children of aristocrats did.aristocrats did.

If middle class children played instruments well If middle class children played instruments well enough, they might be invited to palaces and enough, they might be invited to palaces and eventually marry into aristocracy.eventually marry into aristocracy.

Demand for printed music, instruments, and Demand for printed music, instruments, and music lessons had vastly increasedmusic lessons had vastly increased

Composing for the Middle Composing for the Middle ClassClass

Composers of this time took middle Composers of this time took middle class tastes into accountclass tastes into account Wrote pieces easier for amateurs to playWrote pieces easier for amateurs to play Turned from serious to comic operaTurned from serious to comic opera

Turned from heroic and mythological plots Turned from heroic and mythological plots that the nobility enjoyed, and used middle that the nobility enjoyed, and used middle class subjects and folk-like tunes.class subjects and folk-like tunes.

Some comic operas even poked fun at Some comic operas even poked fun at nobilitynobility

Dance moves became less elegant and Dance moves became less elegant and courtly, more vigorous and rusticcourtly, more vigorous and rustic

Composing for the Middle Composing for the Middle ClassClass

Serious composition was flavored Serious composition was flavored by folk and popular musicby folk and popular music

Composers sometimes used Composers sometimes used familiar tunes as themes for familiar tunes as themes for symphonies and variationssymphonies and variations

ViennaVienna (1800 population (1800 population c250,000)c250,000)

One of the NEW music centers of Europe One of the NEW music centers of Europe at this timeat this time

Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven all active Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven all active there (not born there, however, they there (not born there, however, they were drawn there to study)were drawn there to study)

Haydn and Mozart became close friends Haydn and Mozart became close friends and influenced each other’s musical and influenced each other’s musical stylestyle (Beethoven traveled to Vienna at 16 to play (Beethoven traveled to Vienna at 16 to play

for Mozart, at 22 he returned to study with for Mozart, at 22 he returned to study with Haydn)Haydn)

ViennaVienna Seat of the “Holy Roman empire”Seat of the “Holy Roman empire”

(Reached across modern Austria, (Reached across modern Austria, Germany, Italy, Hungary, and Czech Germany, Italy, Hungary, and Czech Republic)Republic)

Cultural and commercial center with Cultural and commercial center with a cosmopolitan charactera cosmopolitan character

44thth largest city in Europe at this time largest city in Europe at this time

Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Empire

AustriaAustria

ViennaVienna Aristocrats from all over the Aristocrats from all over the

empire would spend winters empire would spend winters there, sometimes bringing their there, sometimes bringing their private orchestras with them.private orchestras with them.

Good orchestra was symbol of Good orchestra was symbol of prestige prestige

Much of nobility were excellent Much of nobility were excellent musiciansmusicians

ViennaVienna

Much music was heard in Much music was heard in private private concertsconcerts

Aristocrats and wealthy Aristocrats and wealthy commoners commoners played alongsideplayed alongside professional musiciansprofessional musicians

Nobility often hired servants who Nobility often hired servants who could double as musicianscould double as musicians

Outdoor musicOutdoor music Light and popularLight and popular

Small street bands of wind and string Small street bands of wind and string players for garden parties or under players for garden parties or under windows of people likely to throw down windows of people likely to throw down money.money.

Haydn and MozartHaydn and Mozart both wrote music for both wrote music for this called this called divertimentosdivertimentos or or serenadesserenades..

GROUP PRESENTATIONSGROUP PRESENTATIONSJohann Christian BachJohann Christian Bach Antonio SalieriAntonio SalieriDominique FlyteDominique Flyte Claire ChandlerClaire ChandlerNick CabanNick Caban Ryan KaminskyRyan KaminskyKalyn MooreKalyn Moore Anna StamerAnna Stamer

Christoph William GluckChristoph William Gluck PergolesiPergolesiEmma BrownEmma Brown Aaron BrunnworthAaron BrunnworthTaimoor AzizTaimoor Aziz Chris PearsonChris PearsonBilal AzizBilal Aziz Jacob BurnsJacob BurnsSami GreytakSami Greytak Phil KosydorPhil Kosydor

Muzio ClementiMuzio Clementi C.P.E. BachC.P.E. BachAlec CampAlec Camp Julian HarveyJulian HarveyBlake NoudBlake Noud Nate NovakNate NovakAndrew DrakeAndrew Drake Kieryn BeyerlKieryn Beyerl