APRIL 29, 1949

THE NATIONAL ACADEMYOF SCIENCES':0

ABSTRACTS OF PAPERSPRESENTED AT THE

1949 ANNUAL. MEETING

TECHNICAL PAPERS

BOOK REVIEW~S

NEWVS, AND NOTES

IL4

COMPLETE TABLE OF CONTENTS ON PAGE 3VOLUME 109, NUMBER 2835

ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

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Wing vibration, nimbly controlled, keepsthe humming bird in flight, enables it to feedwithout alighting.

Electric vibration is the essence of tele-phone transmission. Voice, music, pictures,teletype - no matter what type of signal -the story is told by the frequency and strengthof not one, but many vibrations.

Learning how to control electric vibrationsto pin-point accuracy has been one of thebasic jobs of Bell Laboratories scientists intheir development of the "carrier" art whichenables the sending of many more conversa-tions over existing wires. Among their inven-

tions have been oscillators, modulators,filters, coaxials, wave-guides, and radio lenses.

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GENERAIL ELECTRICI people say-D. E. CHAMBERSExecutive Engineer, Research Laboratory

INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION: I have oftenthought that the role played by our technicalpotential in international competition waspowerfully illustrated on the Pacific Islandsby the comparison there of the bulldozer inthe hands of the American forces and the handshovel in the hands of the Japanese. It isessential that we keep such comparisons asmuch as possible in our favor in the future,and to this end we must see to it that ourtechnical knowledge is always at least as, goodas that of any other nation, for the time factorwill be so very short in the future.We must be sure that our facilities are al-

ways at least as up-to-date as those of anyother nation. For example, if oxygen can beused substantially to increase the output ofsteel furnaces, we must be sure that, if pos-sible, we are the first to achieve this result.We must be sure that we have plant for the

quantity production of the items for peace orof modern war. Whether we have this plantdepends upon the peacetime buying power ofour people-and this depends upon our peoplehaving a relatively high standard of living.We have an increasing need for conserving

our natural resources through increasing theefficiency of our machines and through thefinding of substitutes for our scarce materials.American industry has already demonstratedits eagerness and its ability to satisfy this need.For example 50 per cent more kilowatt-hourscan be produced per pound of coal than wasthe case in 1923, and many new syntheticmaterials such as nylon and artificial rubberhave been and will be produced to conserveour national resources and to help free us fromdependence upon foreign sources.

U.S. Military Academy,West Point, New York,

January 25, 1949.*

J. J. HUETHERManager, Central Station DivisionsGAS TURBINES: There is now in operationon a locomotive a 5000-horsepower, single.shaft, simple-cycle, combustion gas turbine,designed to burn bunker C oil ... The prob.able success of this unit led to the building of

a 3500-kw combustion-gas-turbine generatingpower plant ...A second unit-a 5000-kw high-efficiency

powerblanthas been designed and will beassembled for test within the next few months.This unit ... has an over-all efficiency of 28per cent at the generator terminals, contrastedwith 17 per cent efficiency of the simpler 3500-kw unit...The 5000-kw high-efficiency plant with a

fuel rate of approximately 12,500 Btu per kw-hour will ask no quarter from any steam plantof equivalent size and will compare favorablywith many larger steam plants in operationtoday . . .

In this range of capacities, the combustiongas turbine seems to have a definite place asa base-load plant. A second application is infirming up service at the end of a line or in anoutlying load center. A third application is asa standby plant ... It should not be inferred,however, that the combustion gas turbine isrecommended as a rotating or spinning stand-by plant. Its high no-load losses rule it outfor this application.For a fourth application, the compact size

and the quick starting ability of the simple-cycle 3500-kw unit would seem to offer anideal opportunity for portable power plantswith railway car mounting for quick transpor-tation to areas which have been wiped out byfloods or hurricanes or other catastrophes-or as an emergency shaft to pick up the loadin case of a breakage in a transmission line orfailure of an existing unit ...The stage has now been reached where time

and experience are of greater importance thanadditional orders or development of new de-signs. The engineers, therefore, are in a con-dition of restrained enthusiasm, working hardto complete the units now on order and toobtain all characteristics through engineeringtests, followed by practical operating experi-ence, to determine such things as mainte-nance, life, and performance in service.

National Assn. of Purchasing Agents,Chicago,

February 7, 1949

GENERALS ELECTRIC

2 SCIENCE April 29, 1949, Vol. 109

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SCIEN C E | Arthur C. BevaVol. 109 No. 2835 Friday, April 29, 1949 Malcolm H. Soi

X F. A. Moi

The National Academy of Scienos:Abstracts of Papers Presented atthe 1949 Annual Meeting..... 435

Technical PapersIsolation of Pituitary Follicle-Stimulating Hor-mone (FSII):Chloh lIao Li, Miriam E. Simpson, andHerbert Ml. Evans .......... ........................ 445

Preliminary Report on the Cireumpolar Distri-bution of Neoechinorhynchus rutili (Acantho-cephala) in Fresh Water Fishes:Harley J. Van Cleave and James E. Lynch 446

A Photographic Technique for the Detection ofPresumiiptive Biochemical Mutants:Rosa Meyersbnrg, Seymowr Pomper, and

Victor Cutter, Jr 446

Sentential and Propositional Generalizations ofSalivary Conditioning to Verbal Stimuli:Gregory Razran ........ .......................... 447

The Purification of Phenol for Paper PartitionChromatography:0. Janet Draper and Arthur L. Pollard ............ 448

A Method. of Automatic Dehydration for Histo-logical Technique:Arthur K. Saiki and Robert R. Kling ............ 449

Book ReviewsThe chemistry and technology of enzymes:Henry Tauber.Reviewed by Malcolm H. Soule 450

Elementary statistical analysis: S. S. Wilks.Reviewed by Thomas N. E. Greville .................. 450

Introduction to physics: Harley Howe.ReviewedbyWalter M. Nielsen .............................. 450

News and Notes ... ... 450

Science, a weekly journal founded in 1880. is publishedeach Friday by the American Association for the Advance-ment of acienceat the Business Press. 10 McGovern Ave..Lancaster. I'a. Editorial and Advertising Offices. 1515 Massa-chusetts ,A e.. N.AV.. Washington 5. D. C. Telephone. Execu-tive 6060. ('able address. SC3IMAG. Washington. D. C.Entered as secotdl-class matter at the Post Otlice at Lancaster,Pa., Januaristy 13. 1948, under the Act of March 3. 1879.Acceptance for ualling at the Fspecial rate postage providedfor in :hle AXct of February 28. 1925. embodied in Paragraph 4,Sec. 538. PI.. and It.. authorized January 13. 1948.

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AAS EDITORIAL BOARDrme eupire July 51, 19 9)3n Edward U. Condon

H. Bentley Glassule Everett S. Wallis

George A. BaitsellEditor-in-ChiefBeth Wilson

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April 29, 1949, Vol. 109

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