IGY 32 Constitution

7/29/2019 IGY 32 Constitution

1/6

CONSTITUTIONOF THE

COMMONWEALTH

OF ANTARCTICA

1994 (As Amended 2004)

International Geophysical Year (IGY) 32

(January 1, 2004 through July 1, 2005)

WE the People of the Commonwealth of Antarctica, in order to Establish International

Unity, Secure Justice, Promote Scientific Discovery and International Exploration do hereby ordain andestablish this Constitution of and for the International Commonwealth of Antarctica.

ARTICLE ONESection1.

Composition of the Legislative Council:

The powers conferred upon the Legislative Council by this Constitution and these Articles shall

be vested in a International Council composed Scientific Representatives and a Senate.

Section2.

House of Representatives

The House of Scientific (Academic) Representatives shall be composed of Members having

prominent academic standing who shall be chosen through universal internet elections every four years

by popular majority vote.

Electors of each State, member States of the United Nations, shall elect Representatives basedupon prominent academic achievement and standing without regards to race, religion, sex, or national

origins.

Each Representative shall be considered for the House based upon their contributions to science andtechnology of whatever kind.

Senate

The Senate shall be composed of Members having prominent political achievement and standing

without regards to race, religion, sex, or national origins.

Each Senator shall serve the Legislative Council for a period of Four Years and meet annually at aPolitical Convention meeting according to and in such manner as the United Nations shall direct, upon


2/6

recommendation of the House of Representatives.

Each Senator who shall serve in the Legislative Council shall be chosen through universal internet

elections every four years by popular majority vote.

Section3.

Enumeration of Representatives

Representatives shall be enumerated based upon the whole number of popular academic votes,shall serve the Commonwealth for Three Years and meet at an annual Convention of Scientists meeting

at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica and shall apportion taxes based upon said popular votes.

Section 4.

Procedures for Elections

The procedures for popular elections of Representatives and Senators shall be according to

rules and regulations promulgated by the Legislative Council. The Speaker and Other officers shall be

by appointment of the Senate or the President as the case may call for.

Section5.

Privileges and Duties

Each Representative and Senator shall be afforded immunity from arrest or detention when in

the course of the business of the Legislative Council and shall bear the duties and obligations of all

lawful citizens of this Commonwealth. Nothing in the laws of this Commonwealth shall provideimmunity from arrest or detention in any case of breach of the peace, felony or high misdemeanor

committed by any Representative or Senator.

Section6.

Bills, Laws, And Amendments

All Bills, Laws, and Amendments concerning the environment or safety of the Antarctic Convergence

passed by the Senate or House of Representatives, as the case may be shall be by two thirds vote; butno veto by the President shall be conclusive thereof unless by concurrence of both the Senate and

House of Representatives.

Section7.

Obligations and Duties of Legislative Council

The Obligations and Duties of the Legislative Council shall be binding upon all

Members thereof and nothing in any laws, statutes, treaties, codes or regulations of

any State shall impair or obstruct the obligations and duties of the Legislative Council.

The House of Representatives shall be charged with presentation of every bill, orrecommendation to the President, or the United Nations, as the case may be, upon a majority two thirds

vote of the Senate for passage of any bill into law or any environmental emergency resolution to be

presented to the UN Security Counsel as the case may require.


3/6

The Council shall have the power to promulgate all codes and statutes necessary and proper for

the citizenry of the Commonwealth; for establishing all courts of law as may be necessary to secure

Liberty and Justice, Freedom of Speech and Conscience of persons, property, papers and effects

pertaining to this Commonwealth or its respective citizenry.

To promote the progress of Humanitarian Aid and Welfare, International Development, Arts and

Sciences, Space Exploration and Discoveries by appropriate and necessary legislation.

To coin and circulate money and provide for the regulation of domestic and foreign electronic

commercial instruments. To establish set standards for commercial rates, weights, measures andcirculation of electronic commercial instruments.

To borrow electronic and paper money and coin on the credit of the Commonwealth.

To pay, by appropriations from the Treasury; all debts incurred by the Commonwealth.

To regulate Commerce within the Antarctic Convergence between foreign nations, states and

the Commonwealth.

To provide for Uniform Rules of Taxation, and Bankruptcy Laws.

To provide for Uniform Rules of Charitable Claims or Obligations, Naturalization, Patent andCopyright laws for the registration of records, documents, and proofs relevant thereto in the Internet

Archives of this Commonwealth.

To promote and establish standards of legal procedures for RegionalNoahide Courts and establish the

Antarctica International Education Day,Bnai Brit Noach.

To establish International Defense Forces for non-aggressive peaceful purposes

within the Antarctic Convergence and as United Nations observers in domestic districts

and foreign regions.

To make all laws, statutes, rules and regulations which shall be necessary and proper for execution of the

powers vested by this Constitution in all Officers, Agents and Ministries of this Commonwealth.

ARTICLE TWO

Section 1.

Executive Powers

The executive powers shall be vested in the Office of the President and the Executive

Department of this Commonwealth. The President shall serve for a term of Seven years together withthe Vice President. They shall be elected by popular (majority) vote of the United Nations Security

Council.

Section 2.

Duties and Obligations of Executive Powers


4/6

The duties and obligations of the office of President and the Executive Department shall be to

carry out the laws of this Commonwealth upon advice and consent of the Senate, the President shall act

as Commander in Chief of the International Defense Forces upon taking an oath or affirmation before

the Legislative Council or the United Nations Security Council, as the case may be.

Section 3.

Extent of Executive Powers

The extent of the Executive powers shall be for the appointment of Ambassadors, Consuls and

other Public Ministers, to Establish Commissions and Boards of Officers, elect for Nomination of

Judges to theNoachide Courts, to grant Reprieves or Pardon upon recommendation of any Commissionand to act in cases of war as Commander in Chief for the execution of any Treaties, Conventions or

International Protocol established, adopted, or entered into by this Commonwealth.

As Commander in Chief, the President may appoint any Military personnel as a United Nations

Observer at any Science Station to act as an Advisor to the United Nations Security Council in anyEmergency matter of a scientific nature.

Any such appointment shall be limited to time, place, and matter of an Emergency nature only

and shall not extend beyond the crisis requiring Advisory Intervention by the UN Observer acting inthat capacity.

Section 4.

Removal From Executive Office

The removal from any office or official capacity shall be limited to cases of

impeachment, treason, felony, bribery, of incapacity or disability and shall be approved

by the Senate at the advice of the United Nations Security Council; but no person

removed from the Executive Department for cases of impeachment, bribery or breach ofobligations or duties shall be entitled to a reprieve or pardon from any Commission or

Board of Officers established therefor.

ARTICLE THREE

Section 1.

Judicial Powers

The Judicial powers shall be vested in International regionalNoachide Courts of Justice inferior

to the International Court of Justice sitting at the Hague, Netherlands.

Section 2.

Duties and Obligations of Judiciary

The duties and obligations of the Judiciary shall be for trial of allNoachide cases in law and

justice affecting Ambassadors, Consuls, Public Ministers, and any Internationally Protected Person;


5/6

and for the deciding of all controversies affecting any Treaty, Convention, Protocol or International

Law, Statutes, or Codes involving Admiralty, Maritime or Commerce Laws occurring within or

affecting the Antarctic Convergence or this Commonwealth.

Section 3.

Extent of Judiciary

The extent of the Judiciary outside the Antarctic Convergence shall be limited to procedural,remedial or administrative cases or trials of an advisory nature only, except as provided for in any

Treaty or Convention or Protocol enacted or entered into by this Commonwealth and no decision or

opinion of anyNoachide Court shall be binding on the International Community without the consent ofthe United Nations Security Council where all Members are present and sitting for the business of that

Forum.

In all cases of an non-Advisory nature, the extent of the Judiciary within the Antarctic

Convergence shall be binding on the International Community and all Regional cases, trials or judicialacts of the Judiciary which are external to the Convergence shall have original and exclusive

jurisdiction in any matter involving any Internationally Protected Person and any opinion, decree, or

judgment shall be afforded full faith and credit as to the Judicial Acts, Records and Proceedings thereof

in any other sovereignty.

ARTICLE FOUR

Section 1.

Full Faith And Credit

Full faith and credit shall be afforded to the Public acts, records and proceedings of every public

body, board or commission, and shall be proved or attested to in the manner provided for by code or

regulation enacted therefor.

Section 2.

Privileges And Immunities

The citizens of this Commonwealth shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunitiesafforded to any Internationally Protected Person in transit within, to or from the Antarctic Convergence

except as otherwise provided for by law, regulation, or code.

In any case involving attainder, penal servitude or fugitive status, any fugitive from justice shall

be extradited or remanded to proper authorities without delay; and no person subject to such judicialdecree shall be entitled to any privileges or immunities afforded to any person or citizen found within

the sovereignty of this Commonwealth.

Section 3.

Admission of New States

The admission of new states into the Union of the Polar Territories (Commonwealth ofAntarctica) shall be limited to polar states formed within or withoutBiosphere One involving islands;

or planets or other bodies that may be or are extraterrestrial to the Earth.

No new state shall be admitted to the Union of the Polar Territories which shall not adhere to

the Seven UniversalNoachide Laws. No new state shall be composed of citizens whereof the majorityshall consist of persons having attainder or corruption of consanguinity except where provided for by

law or the approval of any commission or the UN Security Council established for the purposes of


6/6

determining the suitability therefor of such person or persons.

Section 4.

Form of Government

All states or territories of this Commonwealth shall be entitled to a representative form ofgovernment.

ARTICLE FIVE

Powers of Amendment

The powers of Amending this Constitution shall be by two thirds vote of the Legislative

Council upon ratification or approval of the UN Security Council, provided that no Senator shall be

deprived of equal suffrage in the Legislative Council when convened for a Vote of Amendment.

ARTICLE SIX

Treaties, Debts and Obligations

All Treaties, Conventions, Protocols, or International Agreements entered into prior to the

Ratification of this Constitution involving or affecting the Commonwealth and any Debts or otherObligations contracted by the Commonwealth prior to the Ratification of this Constitution shall be

binding upon this Commonwealth.

Supreme Law of Convergence

This Constitution, and the Laws, Treaties, Conventions, or Protocols which shall hereafter be

made or adopted in pursuance thereof under the authority of the Commonwealth shall be the supremelaw of the Antarctic Convergence. Nothing in the books, records or proceedings of any religious or

other body to the contrary shall have precedent as against this Constitution.

Every Oath or Affirmation of Citizenship or Office shall be tested by procedures andregulations provided therefor as a qualification for office of trust or fidelity to this Constitution.

ARTICLE SEVEN

Ratification By Treaty

This Constitution shall be Ratified by majority vote of the United Nations.

IGY 32 Constitution

Documents

Transcript of IGY 32 Constitution