Igneous Petrology Jean-François Moyen. Practical informations Venues, dates, times Contact...
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Transcript of Igneous Petrology Jean-François Moyen. Practical informations Venues, dates, times Contact...
IgneousIgneous PetrologyPetrology
Jean-François Jean-François MoyenMoyen
Practical informations
• Venues, dates, times
• Contact
• Textbooks
• Outline
Outline
1. Classification of igneous rocks2. Analytical techniques; major and trace
elements3. Isotopes4. Magma genesis: melting processes5. Magma evolution: cristallization, mixing, etc.6. Geochemical signature of mgmatic processes7. Magma transport and emplacement8. Volcanic processes
Outline
9. Basalts
10. Andesites
11. Granites
12. Alkaline complexes
13. Igneous rocks in a plate tectonic context
14. Revisions etc.
April break: 2 days field trip
Introduction to Introduction to igneous petrologyigneous petrology
Stromboli (Italy)
Etna (Italy)
Piton de la Fournaise (Réunion, Indian Ocean)
Torres del Paine, S. Chile
Ploumanac’h, France
Cantal extinct volcano, France
« Ignimbrites », Turkey
Bournac volcanic pipe, France
Montserrat, Lesser antilles (1997)
The upper part of the solid Earth
Crust•Oceanic
•Continental
Mantle•Lithosphere
•Astenosphere
The Pressure Gradient
• P increases = gh
• Nearly linear through mantle~ 30 MPa/km
1 GPa at base of ave crust
• Core: incr. more rapidly since alloy more
denseFigure 1-8. Winter, From Dziewonski and Anderson (1981). Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 25, 297-356. © Elsevier Science.
Heat Sources in the Earth
1. Heat from the early accretion and 1. Heat from the early accretion and differentiation of the differentiation of the
EarthEarth still slowly reaching surfacestill slowly reaching surface
2. Heat released by the radioactive 2. Heat released by the radioactive breakdown of unstable nuclidesbreakdown of unstable nuclides
The Geothermal Gradient
Figure 1-11. Winter, from Green and Falloon ((1998), Green & Ringwood (1963), Jaupart and Mareschal (1999), McKenzie et al. (2005 and personal communication), Ringwood (1966), Rudnick and Nyblade (1999), Turcotte and Schubert (2002).
Active volcanoes
Plate Tectonic - Igneous Genesis
1. Mid-ocean Ridges
2. Intracontinental Rifts
3. Island Arcs
4. Active Continental
Margins
5.5. Back-arc BasinsBack-arc Basins
6.6. Ocean Island BasaltsOcean Island Basalts
7.7. Miscellaneous Intra-Miscellaneous Intra-Continental Continental
ActivityActivity kimberlites, carbonatites, kimberlites, carbonatites,
anorthosites...anorthosites...