IGESH2016 Keynote - SPS UTM · Ani Idris, Iqbal Ahmed, Microwave assisted polymer dissolution...

14/8/2016

1

Membrane Technology for Mankind: Fabrication and its

applications.

Presented by :

Prof. Dr. Ani Idris

1

CONTENTS

1. Introduction2. Membrane technology 3. Types of Membranes;

- reverse osmosis, dialysis and ultrafiltration membranes

2

ultrafiltration membranes4. Application of membranes5. Fabrication of membranes6. Research in membranes

Basic Principles of Membrane Separation

Membrane Separation Processes

Copyright CEPP‐BATC/IPPMS Chemical Separation Processes 3


•A membrane may be defined as an interphase separating two phases and selectively controlling the transport of materials between these phases

•It is widely applied to a range of conventionally difficult separations :


separations :i) finely dispersed solids, especially those which are compressible and have a density close to that of the liquid phase , have high

viscosity, or are gelatinous

ii) low molecular weight, non-volatile organics or pharmaceuticals and dissolved salts

iii) biological materials which are very sensitive to their physical and chemical environment


Advantages of membrane separation processes

ambient temperature operation, avoiding phase changes/ extreme temperature

Both retentate and permeate can be used

relatively low capital and running costs


relatively low capital and running costs

direct separation, eliminating the use of additives/ foam fractionation/ filter aid filtration

closed module separating operation, avoiding formation of aerosols

flexibility, since it can be ‘tailor made’ to meet individual requirement

Membrane Technology

6

14/8/2016

2

Characteristics

Name of process Driving force Separation size range

Examples of materials separated

Microfiltration Pressure gradient 10‐0.1 mm Small particles, large colloids,

microbial cells.

Pressure < 0 1mm – 5 Emulsions colloids

7

Ultrafiltration Pressure gradient

< 0.1mm 5 nm

Emulsions, colloids, macromolecules, proteins

Reverse osmosis (hyperfiltration)

Pressure gradient < 5 nm Dissolved salts, small organics

Electrodialysis Electrical field gradient < 5 nm Dissolved salts

Dialysis Concentration gradient < 5 nm Treatment of renal failure

Applications

• Food, Biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries

• Water Treatment processes

• Hemodialysis and artificial lungsHemodialysis and artificial lungs

• Separation azeotropic mixtures

• recovery of organic vapours such as petro‐chemical vapour recovery

• the electrolysis for chlorine production.

• Fuel cells8

Hemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis

(National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Kidney Disease, 2006a)

Membrane Technology

• various kinds of materials can be used to suit a particular process, which can be organic or inorganic materials

h l i i l d l lf

MEMBRANE MATERIALS

• the most common polymeric materials used are polysulfone, polyethersulfone, cellulose acetate, polycarbonate, polyvinyldifluoro, polypropylene and polyacrylonitrile

• the membrane can be of homogeneous, asymmetric andcomposite in nature

10

Membrane Structures

•homogeneous membrane:• same porosity or density throughout their structure• may have capillary pores or no definable pore at all

•asymmetric membranes:•normally prepared through phase-inversion method•thin dense skin in the range 0 1 to 1 mm


•thin dense skin, in the range 0.1 to 1 mm•with or without pores•since membrane is very thin, it poses a low overall resistance

•composite membranes:•a very thin dense layer (1 m) on top of a very permeable base structure.•The dense layer is selective for particular component


• (a) (b) (c)

•


•• (d) (e) (f)

• Figure 2.1 Membrane structure: symmetric membrane a) straight pores b) foam like c) coral like (tortuous); asymmetric membrane d) finger‐like substructure e) foam like substructure f) sintered ceramic spheres substructure (Scott, 1998)

14/8/2016

3

Membrane modules

•


Membrane Modules

Figure 20 9 (b)


Figure 20.9 (b) page 876

Chem eng Vol 2

Flat sheet membrane

Membrane modules

c) Spiral wound modules


Membrane modules

Hollow-fiber modules


1) Conventional heating 1) Microwave heating

Membrane fabrication

Polymer dissolution

17

Polymer solution

Membrane polymer

The PES membranes have a life span of 3‐5 years for the conventional application such as NF,UF and MF.

Advantages: It has high

Polyethersulfone PES

Advantages: It has high chemical resistance to solvents, many acids and alkalis,(pH1‐10) and also has good thermal resistance.

Disadvantage: Hydrophobic, low permeation

14/8/2016

4

Additives

y y g y ,Polyethlylene glycol, PEG

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weights have been used widely as an additive to enhance membranes

It is a pore forming agent and

Water permeation modifier

It is a pore forming agent and increases the macrovoids and pore size of the membranes.

Entrapped PEG in the membrane matrix helps to increase the membrane hydrophilicity due to its two –OH groups.

Membrane Casting


Flat sheet membranes

20

‐casted using casting knife of 150um.


Hollow fiber membranes

21

Early Research Findings

22

Early Research Findings

CA RO membranes HF membranes; 94-96%; 1.6 l/m2/day

23

Dialysis membranes

24

14/8/2016

5

Ultrafiltration membranes

25

Recent Findings

26

27 28

29 30

14/8/2016

6

UF HF membranes

31

UF HF membranes

32

AWARDS

PATENT GRANTED

Ani Idris, Iqbal Ahmed, Microwave assisted polymer dissolution apparatus for membrane production, MY-143133-A

AWARDS

33

Ani Idris, Iqbal Ahmed, A microwave irradiation method for producing polyethersulfone membrane, MY-143505-A

CRADLE FUND from MOF RM 150,000

AIM: Develop a pilot plant module and business plan

1. Membranes2. Mem modules

Type 13. Prototype lab.

Scale

PILOT UF MODULE

1

34. Mem modules

Type 2

24

Pilot plant scale

5

1 2 3 4

1. Multimedia filter2. Iron filter3. Active Carbon filter4. Water softener filter5. Storage vessels

ItemsStatus

YES NO

R&D Completed YES

Prototype Completed YES

IP Protection Applied & granted

YES

Pilot plant scale

grantedIndustry Partner Identified YES

Market Survey Undertaken YES

Field Test/Clinical Trial Undertaken

YES

Approval From Relevant Authorities

- NO

LAB TO MARKETFUND (MOHE)

IGESH2016 Keynote - SPS UTM · Ani Idris, Iqbal Ahmed, Microwave assisted polymer dissolution...

Documents

Transcript of IGESH2016 Keynote - SPS UTM · Ani Idris, Iqbal Ahmed, Microwave assisted polymer dissolution...