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experience from Estonia in renovation of multi‐story buildingsy g

Roode LiiasProfessor

Tallinn University of TechnologyESTONIA

to start with...

• any system for flat ownership is designed to tackle the same basic problems – organisation of repairs and maintenance is perhaps the most important of these

• perfectly maintained and in good repair building advertises about good coorporation amongst the co‐

?owners...?• Estonia is the state of home‐owners

– 96% of housing stock has been privatised– ca 2/3 of stock is in blocks of different type

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• but do not believe this...– nice/perfect technical quality is not always the functional quality

– the quality we see on the facades is not the q yquality we feel when we are inside this builtenvironment

• complete renovation of the buildings• healthy indoor climate• energy efficiency• better living environment

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• historically...– buildings in bad condition were privatised

– owners were given the right to decide

– decision maker = owner = user – the same person

– are there conflicts of interests and possibilities

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• we help you to put your house in good repair– about 10 years different schemes for renovation havebeen used in Estonia

• survey done in 2011su ey do e 0– slightly more than in ¼ of the blocks have carried outenergy audit of the building

– the most popular renovation works so far have been• change of entrance doors and windows in stairways – 73%

• changing or improving the roofing – 60%

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renovation loan– for multiflat houses built before 1993– energysaving target: 

• building less than 2000m2 – at least 20%• buildingmore than 2000m2 – at least 30%• ...proved by energy‐auditing

– 80% of flat‐owners must be individuals– loan until 20 years

• fixed interest rate ca 4.4% for 10 years

– share of own finance 15% – loan channeled through commercial banks

• from ERDF 17 mil € during 2008‐2013

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geographical distribution of renovation projects

64%

5%

13%

buildings datingfrom...

some statistics:in 2.5 years totally 390 buildingsin 2011 loans for 170 buildings

1970ies

1980ies

1990ies

5%

5%0% 10% 20% 30%

< 1940

1940ies

1950ies

1960ies

80 € +

110 € +

140 € +

loan burden in € per m2

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0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

less than 50 €

50 € +

80 € +

types of works(share from projects)

insulating facades 80%

renovating roofing 48%

heating system 51%

changing windows 32%

changing entrance doors 15%30%

no of types of works perproject

c a g g e t a ce doo s 5%

insulating roof 19%

improvement of ventilation 24%

renovation of public spaces 11%

insulating ceiling of cellar 9%

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0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

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obligations of the home‐owners to get the loan– carry out energy‐audit

• certified professional• recommendation for works

cost estimate of works– cost estimate of works• three tenders from registered contractors

– three‐years energy‐consumption dataafter the works

• annual reporting of energyconsumption• financial auditing• publicly advertise the loan

problems??

• household’s behaviour is difficult to measureand they are not always fully rational whenthey are making financial decisions

• ... they decide collectively to damageeachanother the best way...– decisions taken as to renovation are done based on current/today’s investment possibilities, rather thanon (longterm) sustainability

• cheap works can not be considered as reasonable ones– basic decison‐making criteria: our house should look better (be nicer) as... 

– no any feasiblity considerations can be found in thecalculations

• projects funded by Estonian Government through KredEx to survey Estonian multiapartment buildings (since 2006)– prefab concrete buildings – finished by today– prefab concrete buildings – finished by today– brick buildings – finished by today– timber buildings – finished by today– ‘new’ buildings – running today

• condition survey and lifetime forecast• each was scheduled for at least 18 months

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• surveys carried out– structural stability

• energy saving/class– insulation measures– heating systems– doors/windows

fi– roofing• indoor climate

– temperature– ventilation– CO2 percentage– humidity level– ....

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basic faults– structural problems of brick buildings

– built in thermal bridges of structures

low quality of reconstruction works– low quality of reconstruction works

– not adequate indoor climate• high level of CO2

• over‐heating

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• are you happy now?  

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grant to support (until 90%)...– for preparing design documents

– when carrying out supervision of works

conclusions

• to be successful...– legal framework

fi i l h l d– financial support schemes – loans and grants

– network of professional advisors

– awareness raising

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thank you for your time!

Roode Liias

roode.liias@ttu.ee