IFRS & You!
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Transcript of IFRS & You!
1© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
IFRS ImpactsNovember 2010
KPMG LLP
2© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
IFRS Impacts
Shane [email protected]
3© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Agenda
• Reporting options for private and public entities today and post IFRS transition
• High impact IFRS areas
• Impacts of IFRS on certain key metrics
• Questions/comments
4© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Reporting options pre and post IFRS conversion
KPMG LLP
5© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Reporting Options – General Thoughts
• Chapter 9999 of the CICA handbook:− First rule of CGAAP – when you take over as the new CFO, write it all
off, blame the prior management team− Second rule of CGAAP – when CGAAP makes you do something
dumb, find comfort in the fact that your peers are suffering from the same rule too
• Chapter 9999 of the IFRS handbook:− First rule of IFRS – continue as under your previous GAAP, just
remember write off lots on transition (it goes to retained earnings)− Second rule of IFRS – we will make you suffer under one rule, your
neighbor will be forced to suffer under a different rule
6© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Reporting Options – Private
• The following “GAAP’s” exist for private entities on an ongoing basis (post 2011):− IFRS as issued by the IASB− Private entity GAAP – CGAAP with several sections removed (i.e. old
rules on financial instruments, no future tax)
• The following “GAAP’s” currently exist for private entities that are being phased out in 2011:− CGAAP, no financial instruments (“XFI GAAP”)− Differential reporting − CGAAP as applied by public entities
7© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Reporting Options – Private
• The following “GAAP” is currently not recognized by the CICA:− IFRS light – the low calorie IFRS option (lime flavor not yet avaliable)
• IFRS light, which was developed by the IASB for private entities is similar in form to private entity Canadian GAAP – IFRS with complex sections removed (i.e. no future taxes).
8© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Reporting Options – Public
• The following “GAAP’s” exist for public entities on an ongoing basis (post 2011):− IFRS as issued by the IASB− US GAAP, subject to being able to qualify – not currently anticipated to
be a large number of conversions to US GAAP except in certain pockets/industries (i.e. rate regulated)
9© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Reporting Options – Impact on Transactions
• Financial information used to evaluate a transaction can be highly impacted by the GAAP that is used to prepare the financial statements − carefully analyze the GAAP that the entity is using− consider accounting and disclosure differences − consider expertise in the GAAP that is being analyzed – are resources
needed that speak the appropriate GAAP
• Publications that summarize the differences between some of the GAAP’s are avaliable and can be a useful tool in a due diligence review.
10© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Impact of Private GAAP on Transactions
• Significant acquisitions completed by public entities could require: − business acquisition report − prospectus – should a financing be completed with the acquisition
• Currently, the acceptable accounting principles for acquisition statements generally continue to be full CGAAP, IFRS, US GAAP (later two subject to restrictions).
• For financial years beginning on or after January 1, 2011, acquisition statements can be prepared using IFRS, private entity Canadian GAAP (subject to certain restrictions) and US GAAP (subject to certain restrictions).
11© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Impact of Private GAAP on Transactions
• What does this mean:− need to put this issue on the table early in the acquisition process – do
not let it be a surprise issue− use of private GAAP can eliminate an IFRS conversion – must be
careful which private GAAP exemptions are employed (i.e. elect not to consolidate subsidiaries)
− deal timing may have to be adjusted – need to allow for time to convert acquired entity into IFRS, if necessary (this is not a quick process)
− private entities need to consider exit strategy and amend reporting accordingly
12© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Summary Thoughts
• Generally, people will need to speak at least three accounting languages− IFRS− Private company CGAAP− US GAAP
• All three of these accounting languages will continue into 2011 and beyond…
• How long is “beyond” – uncertain???
13© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
High impact areas of IFRS
KPMG LLP
14© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
High Impact IFRS areas
• Cash generating units (CGU’s) and impairments
• Componentization
• Lease accounting – today and the good times proposed in the future
• Gains/losses in oil and gas entities
• Common financing structures – could end up resulting in derivative accounting
• IFRS 1 – fair value versus historical cost
• Trust unit classification
15© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Cash Generating Units (CGU’s) and Impairments
• CGU’s are the level at which impairment of capital assets and goodwill is conducted− lots of CGU’s – increased risk of impairment− few CGU’s – likely to be more aligned with existing CGAAP
• The new impairment test− Step 1 – is there an indicator of impairment, if yes go to step 2, if no
stop (however required to test CGU’s with goodwill at least annually)− Step 2 – compare the recoverable amount to the carrying value of the
CGU; impairment charges first reduce goodwill and then pro-rata to other capital assets in the CGU
• Recoverable amount is the greater of:− Value in use – prescribed discounted cash flow model− Fair value less cost to sell – market driven; what could you sell the
CGU for in the current market
16© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Componentization
• Level at which depreciation is calculated− CGAAP – generally an asset was never split into its parts (i.e.
depreciate the entire drilling rig over 5,000 drilling days)− IFRS – split the asset based on differing useful lives (example
numbers, for demonstration)• “Dumb iron” on the rig – 5,000 drilling days• Pumps/motors – 3,000 drilling days
• Intangible components− scheduled and routine maintenance/turnarounds− consider what has to be done versus what may be done− often not material
• In certain industries componentization is a significant project and can significantly impact depreciation/depletion
17© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Lease Accounting
• Capital versus operating leases− CGAAP and IFRS are very similar, except IFRS does not have bright
line tests (i.e. NPV of lease payments is 90% or useful of 75%)− Increased risk of leases being capital leases under IFRS – especially
specific purpose assets
• Proposed lease accounting for the future (exposure draft has been released)− all leases are capital (except very short term - <1 year)− lessee – recognize the leased asset and the related lease obligation− lessor – continue to recognize the tangible asset and record an asset
related to the lease revenue receivable offset by an lease obligation to meet this commitment (balances can be netted)
18© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Gains/losses in Oil and Gas Entities
• Reporting gains and losses on sales of assets rare under Canadian GAAP− generally only when dispositions change the depletion rate by more
than 20% would a gain or loss be reported
• No gains and losses reported under Canadian GAAP for non-monetary transactions such as:− unitizations− swaps− farm-in and farm-outs
19© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Gains/losses in Oil and Gas Entities
Farm In
• KPMG Oil&Gas enters into an agreement whereby RBC Oil & Gas will drill 3 wells to earn a 70% working interest in 4 sections of land that are 100% owned by KPMG. The sections of land are in the development stage (not an E&E asset).
• What is the accounting for KPMG Oil&Gas?− what did we get – in practice see entities value the consideration at the value of
the earn in; 3 wells x $10 million per well x 30% = $10 million − what did we give up – the carrying value of the 4 sections; assume $250/acre or
$0.6 million in total− resulting – gain on transaction of $9.4 million − when is the gain recorded – when the earn out is completed (risk and rewards
are transferred)
• Under Canadian GAAP, no gain would be recorded.
20© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Gains/losses in Oil and Gas Entities
Farm In
• What is the accounting for RBC Oil&Gas?− as drilling occurs – “normal” PP&E accounting; Dr. PP&E $30 million,
Cr. Cash $30 million
21© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Common Finance Structures
• IFRS differences from CGAAP on the classification of items between debt and equity
• These differences can result in what is classified in equity under CGAAP as being recorded as a derivative liability under IFRS (i.e. mark to market through earnings)
• Be cautious of warrants or convertible debentures with terms such as− down round provisions – conversion/strike price is adjusted for equity
offerings at lower prices− dual indexed instruments – conversion/strike price is denominated in a
currency other than your functional currency− variable conversion prices
22© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
IFRS 1
• Significant IFRS adoption election with respect to accounting for PP&E (non oil and gas)− recreate IFRS net book value – since inception of each asset recreate
net book value as if IFRS has always been applied. Need to consider• differences between capital adds and R&M between CGAAP/IFRS• component depreciation
− fair value – can elect to record PP&E at fair value on transition to IFRS
23© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Trust Unit Classification
• IFRS conversion is not “friendly” to trust structure. Considerable issues arise including− classification of trust units
• debt • equity
− stock based compensation arrangements – likely to be liability accounted for whilst a trust
− exchangable shares – likely accounted for as derivatives prior to corporate conversion
− convertible debentures – likely not a compound instrument under IFRS whilst a trust; conversion option is a derivative (consider electing fair value option)
24© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Impact of IFRS on certain key metrics
KPMG LLP
25© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
General Comments
• One of the “costs” of IFRS is reduced comparability between entities in the same industry. IFRS permits several policy elections and interpretations that can significantly alter financial information.
• For example:− grouping of assets for impairment – two identical entities could group
assets differently, the one that creates more groupings (cash generating units/CGU’s) will likely have more impairments
− designation of financial instruments – elect to fair value financial assets and liabilities versus historical cost
• The above examples are non-cash items where they are often added back or ignored. However, IFRS will impact the reporting of items such as cash flow from operations and EBITDA.
26© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
General Comments
IFRS will impact comparability between similar entities and within sectors. This may require:
− a more detailed analysis of financial metrics− greater attention to benchmarking and peer comparisons – what is creating the
differences, actual performance or IFRS?− increased financial statement disclosures do not always compensate for the
differences in policies – you can not always get the detail necessary for good comparisons from the large volume of notes in IFRS financial statements
− peer groups to get consistency upon conversion to IFRS are helping – sometimes they simply highlight where entities have agreed to be different
− No clear guidance on the determination of discount rate and whether an entity’s own credit risk is included – impact on measurement of ARO can be significant
27© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Typical Debt Covenants and Metrics
• Borrowing Base (Net Present Value of production forecast based on engineering reports and calculated utilizing lenders price deck)
• Senior and Total Debt to EBITDA
• Interest Coverage
• Debt to Capitalization
• Cash flow from operations
28© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Borrowing Base
• Borrowing Base (Net Present Value of production forecast based on engineering reports and calculated utilizing lenders price deck) − less impact expected− could be indirect impact through reporting of operating costs under
IFRS – potential for shift between capital and operating costs under IFRS; could impact the economic life of a well/area
29© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Senior and Total Debt to EBITDA
• Senior and Total Debt− no significant changes to reporting of debt under IFRS for non-trusts− in Trust entities potential for change to reporting of convertible debt
(equity classified conversion feature may not be permissible) – often subordinated debt
− classification of trust units – if reported as a liability under IFRS
• EBITDA− there can be movement between R&M and PP&E under IFRS that can
impact EBITDA− this impact in O&G is expected to be lower (more prevalent in the
energy services industry)
30© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Impact of IFRS on EBITDA example
Entity A Entity B
Depreciation policy
Asset has a cost of $500,000 with a life of 5 years.
Overhauls were notconsidered a component. Every three years the $100,000 overhaul is expensed as day to day servicing of the asset
Asset has a cost of $500,000 with a life of 5 years.
Overhauls were considered a component that are depreciated straight line over three years. The $100,000 overhaul is capitalized when it occurs
Do these entities have different earnings/EBITDA under IFRS?
31© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Impact of IFRS on EBITDA example
Entity A Entity BDepreciation
year 1
year 2
year 3
$100,000 (500,000/5 yrs)
$100,000
$100,000
$113,000 (note 1)
$113,000
$113,000R&M
year 1
year 2
year 3
0
0
$100,000 (note 2)
0
0
0 (note 3)
•Note 1 – ($400,000/5) + ($100,000/3)•Note 2 – overhaul considered day-to-day servicing of the asset and expensed as incurred – included in operating costs with R&M•Note 3 – overhaul is capitalized and depreciated over the remaining 2 year life of the asset
32© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Impact of IFRS on EBITDA example
Entity A Entity BEarnings
year 1
year 2
year 3
($100,000)
($100,000)
($100,000)
($113,000)
($113,000)
($113,000)EBITDA
year 1
year 2
year 3
0
0
($100,000)
0
0
0
Entity B has lower earnings but better EBITDA – all else being equal Entity B will have a better debt to EBITDA ratio.
33© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Interest Coverage
• Interest Coverage − no significant changes to interest expense and accounting therefore
under IFRS− required to capitalize interest expense under IFRS – policy election
under Canadian GAAP− rarely see interest capitalized under CGAAP− generally the interest coverage ratio contemplates the effect of
capitalized interest – may need to remind clients that capitalized interest is still interest when calculating covenants
34© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Debt to Capitalization
• Senior and Total Debt− no significant changes to reporting of debt under IFRS − in Trust entities potential for change to reporting of convertible debt
(equity classified conversion feature may not be permissible) – often subordinated debt
− classification of trust units – if reported as a liability under IFRS
• Capitalization – several potential impacts− treatment of trust units under IFRS− ARO discount rates – very significant impact on equity− mark-to-market fluctuations on convertible debentures− gains and losses on sales and other non-monetary transactions− significantly increased potential for impairments under IFRS
35© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Debt to Capitalization
Significant concerns with mid to larger entities with respect to the impact of IFRS on capital (i.e. retained earnings)− ARO impact could be massive− Goodwill impairment if done at lower level− PP&E impairment− Classification of trust units
36© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Cash Flow from Operations
From the point of view of the buyer, all else being equal, which is a better deal?− Entity A – get better cash flow for the same price
Entity A has elected an IFRS policy choice to report the $0.5 million interest on debt as a financing activity. Entity B elected to continue the presentation under Canadian GAAP and report the interest cost in operating cash flow.
− Entity A and B are equal once cash flow from operations is normalized to compare the two entities
Entity A Entity B
Cash flow from operations
$1.5 million $1.0 million
Purchase price $5 million $5 million
Multiple 3.3 x 5.0 x
37© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Cash Flow from Operations
Entity A Entity B
Tax uncertainties
Tax benefits from a tax structure are recorded under IFRS if the structure is considered to be probable.
Probable is defined as a should level of opinion (greater than 70%)
A structure has been implemented that will reduce current tax by $100,000. Likelihood of success –65.14%
Tax benefits from a tax structure are recorded under IFRS if the structure is considered to be probable.
Probable is defined as a more likely than not (greater than 50%)
A structure has been implemented that will reduce current tax by $100,000. Likelihood of success – 65.14%
Which entity will have a lower cash tax liability/expense?
38© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Cash Flow from Operations
Entity A Entity B
Tax benefit recorded
nil – did not reach should level of opinion
$100,000
All else being equal Entity B looks better – lower tax burdens. However, accounting threshold for tax uncertainties is not clear under IFRS. Policy elections are avaliable that can result in two answers with the same fact pattern.
39© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
Questions
40© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved.
kpmg.ca
The information contained herein is of a general nature and is not intended to address the circumstances of any particular individual or entity. Although we endeavor to provide accurate and timely information, there can be no guarantee that such information is accurate as of the date it is received or that it will continue to be accurate in the future. No one should act on such information without appropriate professional advice after a thorough examination of the particular situation.
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© 2010 KPMG LLP, a Canadian limited liability partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International Cooperative (“KPMG International”), a Swiss entity. All rights reserved. Printed in Canada.